TY  - JOUR
AB  - Emulsion polymer isocyanate (EPI) adhesive is one of the most widely used structural adhesives in the woodworking industry. However, there has been a lack of knowledge on how the EPI-adhesive interacts with the chemical constituents of wood, in particular, with the wood extractives that are known to influence the bonding quality. In this study, the interactions of the EPI-adhesive with the water extracts and selected extractives from European wood species were systematically investigated using different analytical techniques. While the alterations in the curing properties of the pure EPI-adhesive and EPI-adhesive-extract mixtures were revealed by in situ rheology and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, evolved gas analysis, and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, the solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance were performed for analyzing the final chemical composition of the cured adhesive. Moreover, the influence of the extraction on the mechanical bonding performance was tested by tensile-shear tests. The study revealed significant interactions between the EPI-adhesive and tannin-rich, acidic wood extracts. The acidic chestnut and oak extracts catalyzed the curing reactions and led to a huge increase in the adhesive viscosity. These interactions might affect the bonding quality, for example, adhesive penetration depth and formation of bonding strength, therefore, careful attention is required when bonding acidic wood surfaces.
AU  - Özparpucu, M.*
AU  - Sánchez-Ferrer, A.*
AU  - Schuh, M.*
AU  - Wilhelm, B.*
AU  - Sarkar, R.
AU  - Reif, B.
AU  - Windeisen-Holzhauser, E.*
AU  - Richter, K.*
C1  - 64224
C2  - 52114
CY  - 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
TI  - Acidic wood extractives accelerate the curing process of emulsion polymer isocyanate adhesives.
JO  - J. Appl. Polym. Sci.
VL  - 139
IS  - 21
PB  - Wiley
PY  - 2022
SN  - 0021-8995
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Organic solvents cyclohexane, dichloromethane, hexane, and tetrahydrofuran were tested to separate the dioctylphthalate (DOP) as plasticizer from the poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)-based materials. It was found that the efficiency of ultrasound-enhanced hexane extraction of the DOP from PVC is 70% and the efficiency of the separation of the DOP and other compounds from the PVC by dissolution in THF followed by subsequent precipitation was 98-99%. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG) were used to characterize the thermal behavior of PVC materials before and after extraction of plasticizers. It was found that during heating in the range 20-800 degrees C the total mass loss measured for the nontreated, extracted, and precipitated PVC samples was 71.6, 66.6, and 97%, respectively. In the temperature range 200-340 degrees C, the release of DOP, HCl, and CO2 was observed by simultaneous thermogravimetry (TG)/FTIR. The effect of plasticizers on thermal behavior of PVC-based insulation material was characterized by DSC in the range -40-140 degrees C. It was found that, concerning the PVC cable insulation material before treatment, the value of the glass transition temperature (T-g) was 1.4 degrees C, whereas for the PVC sample extracted by hexane, the value of T-g was 39.5 degrees C and for the PVC dissolved in THF and subsequently precipitated, the value of T-g was 80.4 degrees C. Moreover, the PVC samples after extraction of plasticizers, fillers, and other agents were tested to characterize their thermal degradation. The TG and FTIR results of chemically nontreated, extracted, and precipitated samples were compared. The release of DOP, HCl, CO2, and benzene was studied during thermal degradation of the samples by FTIR.
AU  - Benes, M.*
AU  - Placek, V.*
AU  - Matuschek, G.
AU  - Kettrup, A.*
AU  - Györyova, K.*
AU  - Balek, V.*
C1  - 3593
C2  - 23710
SP  - 788-795
TI  - Characterization of PVC cable insulation materials and products obtained after removal of additives.
JO  - J. Appl. Polym. Sci.
VL  - 99
IS  - 3
PY  - 2006
SN  - 0021-8995
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Agriculture today is dependent on the application of a great number of chemicals, many of them toxic, so that the possibility arises of contamination of food and environment. Many efforts are therefore made to find novel methods of achieving better control over the release of these chemicals, so that the desired effects are attained by application of smaller amounts. Release of desmetryn into the gas phase from films of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, in which the herbicide was incorporated for special agricultural applications, was investigated for comparison with release into water and under outdoor conditions. It could be shown that the rate of release of the active chemical into the gas phase was negligible compared with that into water and only slightly dependent on temperature in the range 0-75 degree C.
AU  - Kraxenberger, M.
AU  - Pfister, G.
AU  - Bahadir, M.A.
C1  - 42281
C2  - 36218
SP  - 2069-2077
TI  - Release routes of incorporated desmetryn from EVA-films. An example for the behavior of low volatility additives in polymers under outdoor conditions.
JO  - J. Appl. Polym. Sci.
VL  - 34
IS  - 6
PY  - 1987
SN  - 0021-8995
ER  -