TY  - JOUR
AB  - Biodiversity is threatened particularly in perennial crop cultivation such as fruit trees or grapevines. If established, agroforestry has the potential to increase biodiversity by providing a higher habitat heterogeneity at the example of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Riesling) cultivated together with oak or poplar trees for 12 years. Together with the rhizosphere microbiome, the root metabolome was quantified as an indicator of root exudation. Since the root metabolome does not fully align with the exudate metabolome, we are using the root metabolome as a proxy for the exudate metabolome. The results reveal that co-cultivation of grapevine with trees reduces the nutrient availability in the soil and changes the root metabolome of both, grapevine and trees with a more distinct effect of trees on grapevine than vice versa, particularly for oak. Apparently, root-to-root signalling takes place between trees and grapevine. Co-cultivation of grapevine and oak trees also enhanced the alpha diversity of the microbiome. Correlation analysis revealed strong positive correlations between distinct microbial families and metabolites enriched in the roots of Riesling. Thus, microbiome analyses support the view that root-to-root interaction in mixed cultivation of grapevine with trees is mediated by root exudation.
AU  - Lehr, P.P.*
AU  - Gschwendtner, S.
AU  - Du, B.*
AU  - Rennenberg, H.*
AU  - Schloter, M.
AU  - Zörb, C.*
C1  - 73652
C2  - 57156
CY  - 24-28 Oval Rd, London Nw1 7dx, England
TI  - Grapevines and trees: A biodiversity study of microbiomes in an established temperate agroforestry system.
JO  - J. Environ. Manage.
VL  - 379
PB  - Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd
PY  - 2025
SN  - 0301-4797
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Medium-term effects of different organic amendments on the recovery of mining-degraded soils in a semi-arid limestone quarry were evaluated. Five organic amendments, including composts (garden pruning and greenhouse residues) and stabilised sewage sludge (alone and in mixtures), were compared to untreated soils and natural reference soils. After 40 months, different soil physico-chemical properties, total nutrient (organic carbon -C-, nitrogen -N- and phosphorus -P-) and labile P and N fractions were analysed together with bacterial functional groups catalysing major steps in P (phoD, appA, phnX, pstS) and N turnover (chiA, archaeal amoA, bacterial amoA, nirS, nirK, nosZ, nifH), as well as total bacterial biomass. Restoration altered soil properties, including decreasing pH by up to 10% and increasing total organic C (up to 3.54%), total N (up to 0.33%) and total P (up to 0.18%). Labile P- and N-fractions increased significantly, with ammonium and nitrate doubling in some cases. Microbial activity also rose significantly, with bacterial biomass and functional genes involved in P (phoD, pstS) and N turnover (chiA, nirS, nosZ) increasing 2-3000 times compared to non-restored soils. Sewage sludge had the most pronounced effect on physico-chemical properties, nutrient content and functional groups abundance, while greenhouse compost produced conditions resembling natural reference soils. These results demonstrated that organic amendments can rehabilitate degraded soils by enhancing nutrient content and bacterial community potential for N and P turnover. Organic amendments are thus a viable strategy for medium-term restoration of degraded soils in semi-arid climates.
AU  - Rodríguez-Berbel, N.
AU  - Fox, A.
AU  - Ortega, R.*
AU  - Schloter, M.
AU  - Schulz, S.
AU  - Miralles, I.*
C1  - 73587
C2  - 57119
CY  - 24-28 Oval Rd, London Nw1 7dx, England
TI  - Restoring soil quality in semi-arid mining-degraded soils: Effects of different combinations of organic amendments on microbial nutrient cycling after 40 months of application.
JO  - J. Environ. Manage.
VL  - 378
PB  - Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd
PY  - 2025
SN  - 0301-4797
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Motorized traffic often causes road noise directly in front of our homes and windows. Yet long-term exposure to noise impact life's quality and can potentially cause negative effects on human health. Furthermore, social and behavioral effects have been measured. To protect people's health and well-being from such noise, the European Noise Directive (END, 2002/49/EC) obliges countries to produce strategic noise maps every five years for large agglomerations and along major roads, which are then used for noise action planning. Besides that, the official noise maps are a valuable data source for environmental exposure analyses. However, the END has some limitations. The definition of urban agglomerations is vague, different input parameterizations lead to data inconsistencies across administrative units, undefined post processing methods introduce geometric artifacts, and topological errors incompliant to the common Simple Features Implementation Specification hinder working with the published geodata. The aim of this article is to provide practical insights for end-users and stipulate for concise regulations. Moreover, we highlight that these variations limit the comparability of maps in environmental impact assessments. We compile 84 separate noise assessments in Germany reported according to the END to review shape and structure of the geographic data. Graphical representations are used to show in particular how vertices are connected to polygons in noise contour maps and that these geometric alterations effect the eventual statistics on exposed population shares. We aggregate spatial metrics to assess the reported data's spatial properties in an automatic manner, e.g. when receiving data in future mapping rounds. Along with our quality assessment, a nation-wide dataset on road traffic noise was produced. Depicting the yearly averaged noise level indicator Lden, which integrates exposure at day, evening and night, for 2017, it serves as common ground for environmental health analyses. The examination of different raster to polygon conversion implementations is fundamental to other geodata managers outside the domain of noise mapping, as well.
AU  - Staab, J.*
AU  - Droin, A.*
AU  - Weigand, M.*
AU  - Dallavalle, M.
AU  - Wolf, K.
AU  - Schady, A.*
AU  - Lakes, T.*
AU  - Wurm, M.*
AU  - Taubenböck, H.*
C1  - 74319
C2  - 57462
CY  - 24-28 Oval Rd, London Nw1 7dx, England
TI  - Pixels, chisels and contours - technical variations in European road traffic noise exposure maps.
JO  - J. Environ. Manage.
VL  - 385
PB  - Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd
PY  - 2025
SN  - 0301-4797
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - BACKGROUND: There is an evidence gap on whether the choice of specialty care beneficially affects health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study analyzes how newly initiated pulmonologist care affects the generic and disease-specific HRQoL in COPD patients over a period of 1 year. METHODS: We linked claims data with data from two survey waves to investigate the longitudinal effect of specialty care on HRQoL using linear Difference-in-Difference models based on 1:3 propensity score matched data. Generic HRQoL was operationalized by EQ-5D-5L visual analog scale (VAS), and disease-specific HRQoL by COPD assessment test (CAT). Subgroup analyses examined COPD patients with low (GOLD AB) and high (GOLD CD) exacerbation risk. RESULTS: In contrast to routine care patients, pulmonologists' patients (n = 442) experienced no significant deterioration in HRQoL (VAS - 0.0, p = 0.9870; CAT + 0.5, p = 0.0804). Models unveiled a small comparative advantage of specialty care on HRQoL (mean change: CAT - 0.8, VAS + 2.9), which was especially pronounced for GOLD AB (CAT - 0.7; VAS + 3.1). CONCLUSION: The uptake of pulmonologist care had a statistically significant, but not clinically relevant, beneficial impact on the development of HRQoL by slowing down overall HRQoL deterioration within 1 year. Including specialty care more appropriately in COPD management, especially at lower disease stages (GOLD AB), could thus improve patients' health outcome.
AU  - Stöber, A.
AU  - Marijic, P.
AU  - Kurz, C.*
AU  - Schwarzkopf, L.
AU  - Kirsch, F.
AU  - Schramm, A.*
AU  - Leidl, R.
C1  - 67202
C2  - 54213
CY  - One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, Ny, United States
SP  - 1561-1573
TI  - Does uptake of specialty care affect HRQoL development in COPD patients beneficially? A difference-in-difference analysis linking claims and survey data.
JO  - J. Environ. Manage.
VL  - 24
IS  - 9
PB  - Springer
PY  - 2023
SN  - 0301-4797
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Near-ground ozone in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region has become one of the main air pollutants that threaten the health of residents. However, to date, the transport behavior and source areas of ozone in the YRD region have not been systematically analyzed. In this study, by combining the ozone observational record with a HYSPLIT (hybrid single-particle Lagrangian integrated trajectory) model, we tried to reveal the spatiotemporal regularity of the airflow transport trajectory of ozone. Spatially, high ozone concentrations mainly clustered in industrial cities and resource-based cities. Temporally, the center of the ozone pollution shifted westward of Nanjing from 2015 to 2021. With the passage of time, the influence of meteorological elements on the ozone concentration in the YRD region gradually weakened. Marine atmosphere had the most significant impact on the transmission path of ozone in Shanghai, of which the trajectory frequency in 2021 accounted for 64.21% of the total frequency. The transmission trajectory of ozone in summer was different from that in other seasons, and its transmission trajectory was mainly composed of four medium-distance transmission paths: North China-Bohai Sea, East China Sea-West Pacific Ocean, Philippine Sea, and South China Sea-South China. The contribution source areas mainly shifted to the southeast, and the emission of pollutants from the Shandong Peninsula, the Korean Peninsula-Japan, and the Philippine Sea-Taiwan area increased the impact of ozone pollution in the Shanghai area from 2019 to 2021. This study identified the regional transport path of ozone in the YRD region and provided a scientific reference for the joint prevention and control of ozone pollution in this area.
AU  - Yao, Y.*
AU  - Wang, W.*
AU  - Ma, K.*
AU  - Tan, H.*
AU  - Zhang, Y.*
AU  - Fang, F.*
AU  - He, C.
C1  - 67179
C2  - 54231
CY  - 24-28 Oval Rd, London Nw1 7dx, England
TI  - Transmission paths and source areas of near-surface ozone pollution in the Yangtze River delta region, China from 2015 to 2021.
JO  - J. Environ. Manage.
VL  - 330
PB  - Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd
PY  - 2023
SN  - 0301-4797
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Low emission zones (LEZs) aiming at improving the air quality in urban areas have been implemented in many European cities. However, studies are limited in evaluating the effects of LEZ, and most of which used simple methods. In this study, a general additive mixed model was utilized to account for confounders in the atmosphere and validate the effects of LEZ on PM10 and NO2 concentrations in two German cities. In addition, the effects of LEZ on elemental carbon (EC) and total carbon (TC) in Berlin were also evaluated. The LEZ effects were estimated after taking into account air pollutant concentrations at a reference site located in the regional background, and adjusting for hour of the week, public holidays, season, and wind direction. The LEZ in Berlin, and the LEZ in combination with the heavy-duty vehicle (HDV) transit ban in Munich significantly reduced the PM10 concentrations, at both traffic sites (TS) and urban background sites (UB). The effects were greater in LEZ stage 3 than in LEZ stages 2 and 1. Moreover, compared with PM10, LEZ was more efficient in reducing EC, a component that is considered more toxic than PM10 mass. In contrast, the LEZ had no consistent effect on NO2 levels: no effects were observed in Berlin; in Munich, the combination of the LEZ and the HDV transit ban reduced NO2 at UB site in LEZ stage 1, but without further reductions in subsequent stages of the LEZ. Overall, our study indicated that LEZs, which target the major primary air pollution source in the highly populated city center could be an effective way to improve urban air quality such as PM mass concentration and EC level.
AU  - Gu, J.
AU  - Deffner, V.*
AU  - Küchenhoff, H.*
AU  - Pickford, R.
AU  - Breitner-Busch, S.
AU  - Schneider, A.E.
AU  - Kowalski, M.
AU  - Peters, A.
AU  - Lutz, M.*
AU  - Kerschbaumer, A.*
AU  - Slama, R.*
AU  - Morelli, X.*
AU  - Wichmann, H.-E.
AU  - Cyrys, J.
C1  - 63480
C2  - 51558
CY  - 24-28 Oval Rd, London Nw1 7dx, England
TI  - Low emission zones reduced PM10 but not NO2 concentrations in Berlin and Munich, Germany.
JO  - J. Environ. Manage.
VL  - 302
IS  - Pt A
PB  - Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd
PY  - 2022
SN  - 0301-4797
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - A specially designed 32 m(3) airtight chamber that allows the implementation of various ventilation strategies was utilised to study the evacuation characteristics of airborne sub-micron particles generated from TiO2 nano-powder in a potential indoor accidental release situation. Following the release using a heated line from a nebuliser system, the spatial and temporal variations in particle number concentration were recorded by three condensation particle counters (CPCs) distributed at specific locations in the chamber. A differential mobility spectrometer was co-located with one of the CPCs for the measurement of particle size distributions (PSDs). The different modal groups present within the measured PSDs were determined through a log(10)-normal fitting program. Of the ventilation rates evaluated, the greatest relative improvement in particle concentration and clearance time occurred at the highest rate (12 air changes per hour, ACH). At the same time, indications of cross-contamination from regions with strong mixing conditions to regions where mixing was poor, were obtained showing that the latter could operate as particle traps where localised poor ventilation might occur. However, reducing the ventilation rate led to: i) an increase of leftover particles in the air of the chamber when the cleaning process had been completed, and more specifically to an increased ratio of ultrafine particles over fine ones, resulting in the potentially dangerous accumulation of contaminants with high exposure hazards, ii) a decrease in ventilation efficiency, which at low evacuation rates became independent of distance from the inlet diffuser, iii) slower clearance of resuspended particles, with the lowest efficiency at the moderate ventilation rate.
AU  - Kylafis, G.F.*
AU  - Sleigh, P.A.*
AU  - Tomlin, A.S.*
AU  - Ding, Y.
C1  - 55062
C2  - 46079
CY  - 24-28 Oval Rd, London Nw1 7dx, England
SP  - 417-426
TI  - Evacuation characteristics of released airborne TiO2 nanomaterial particles under different ventilation rates in a confined environment.
JO  - J. Environ. Manage.
VL  - 233
PB  - Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd
PY  - 2019
SN  - 0301-4797
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Current physical or chemical methods used for remediation of soils contaminated with hexachlocyclohexane (HCH), leave behind significant levels of pollutants. Given the compounds volatility and persistence in the environment, sites contaminated with HCH remain a concern for the population living in nearby areas. By making use of both the recovery capacity and the pollutant uptake ability of spontaneously growing vegetation, our study aimed to identify native plant species able to cover and moreover take up the HCH left at a former lindane production unit in Turda, Romania. The results showed that dominant species across the study site like Lotus tenuis, Artemisia vulgaris or Tanacetum vulgare, were capable of taking up HCH in their tissues, according to different patterns that combined at the scale of the plant community. Regardless of the proximity of the HCH contamination hotspots, the development of the plant cover was characteristic for vegetation succession on disturbed soils of the Central European region. Finally, we conclude that plant species which grow spontaneously at the HCH contaminated site in Turda and are capable of taking up the pollutant, represent a self-sustainable and low maintenance phytomanagement approach that would allow for the reintegration of the site in the urban or industrial circuit and nevertheless would reduce the toxicity risk to the neighboring human inhabitants.
AU  - Balazs, H.-E.
AU  - Schmid, C.
AU  - Feher, I.*
AU  - Podar, D.*
AU  - Szatmari, P.M.*
AU  - Marincaş, O.*
AU  - Balázs, Z.R.*
AU  - Schröder, P.
C1  - 53690
C2  - 44929
CY  - 24-28 Oval Rd, London Nw1 7dx, England
SP  - 286-296
TI  - HCH phytoremediation potential of native plant species from a contaminated urban site in Turda, Romania.
JO  - J. Environ. Manage.
VL  - 223
PB  - Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd
PY  - 2018
SN  - 0301-4797
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Microbial communities play key roles in remediation and reclamation of contaminated environments via biogeochemical cycling of organic and inorganic components. Understanding the trends in in situ microbial community abundance, metabolism and carbon sources is therefore a crucial component of effective site management. The focus of this study was to use radiocarbon analysis to elucidate the carbon sources driving microbial metabolism within the first pilot Wetland reclamation project in the Alberta oil sands region where the observation of H2S had indicated the occurrence of microbial sulphate reduction. The reclamation project involved construction of a three compartment system consisting of a freshwater wetland on top of a sand cap overlying a composite tailings (CT) deposit. Radiocarbon analysis demonstrated that both dissolved and sediment associated organic carbon associated with the deepest compartments (the CF and sand cap) was primarily fossil (Delta C-14 = -769 to -955 parts per thousand) while organic carbon in the overlying peat was hundreds to thousands of years old (Delta C-14 = -250 to -350 parts per thousand). Radiocarbon contents of sediment associated microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) were consistent with the sediment bulk organic carbon pools (Peat: Delta C-14(PLFA) = 257 parts per thousand; Sand cap Delta C-14(PLFA) = -805 parts per thousand) indicating that these microbes were using sediment associated carbon. In contrast, microbial PLFA grown on biofilm units installed in wells within the deepest compartments contained much more modern carbon that the associated bulk carbon pools. This implied that the transfer of relatively more modern carbon was stimulating the microbial community at depth within the system. Correlation between cellular abundance estimates based on PLFA concentrations and the Delta C-14(PLFA) indicated that the utilization of this more modern carbon was stimulating the microbial community at depth. These results highlight the importance of understanding the occurrence and potential outcomes of the introduction of relatively bioavailable carbon to mine wastes in order to predict and manage the performance of reclamation strategies.
AU  - Bradford, L.
AU  - Ziolkowski, L.A.*
AU  - Goad, C.*
AU  - Warren, L.A.*
AU  - Slater, G.F.*
C1  - 50662
C2  - 42457
CY  - London
SP  - 246-254
TI  - Elucidating carbon sources driving microbial metabolism during oil sands reclamation.
JO  - J. Environ. Manage.
VL  - 188
PB  - Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd
PY  - 2017
SN  - 0301-4797
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - A possibility of using simultaneous sewage sludge digestion and metal leaching (SSDML) process at the thermophilic temperature to remove heavy metals and suspended solids from sewage sludge is explored in this study. Though thermophilic sludge digestion efficiently produces a stable sludge, its inability to remove heavy metals requires it to be used in tandem with another process like bioleaching for metal reduction. Previously, different temperature optima were known for the heterotrophs (thermophilic) responsible for the sludge digestion and the autotrophs involved in bioleaching (mesophilic), because of which the metal concentration was brought down separately in a different reactor. In our study, SSDML process was carried out at 50 °C (thermophilic) by using ferrous sulfate (batch-1) and sulfur (batch-2) as the energy source in two reactors. The concentration of volatile suspended solids reduced by >40% in both batches, while that of heavy metals zinc, copper, chromium, cadmium and nickel decreased by >50% in both batch-1 and batch-2. Lead got leached out only in batch-1. Using 16S rRNA gene-based PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis, Alicyclobacillus tolerans was found to be the microorganism responsible for lowering the pH in both the reactors at thermophilic temperature. The indicator organism count was also below the maximum permissible limit making sludge suitable for agricultural use. Our results indicate that SSDML at thermophilic temperature can be effectively used for reduction of heavy metals and suspended solids from sewage sludge.
AU  - Mehrotra, A.*
AU  - Kundu, K.
AU  - Sreekrishnan, T.R.*
C1  - 47555
C2  - 39423
CY  - London
SP  - 228-235
TI  - Decontamination of heavy metal laden sewage sludge with simultaneous solids reduction using thermophilic sulfur and ferrous oxidizing species.
JO  - J. Environ. Manage.
VL  - 167
PB  - Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd
PY  - 2016
SN  - 0301-4797
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Air quality is a major issue for humans owing to the fact that the content of particles in the atmosphere has multiple implications for life quality, ecosystem dynamics and environment. Scientists are therefore particularly interested in discovering the origin of airborne particles. A new method has been developed to model the relationship between the emission surface and the total amount of airborne particles at a given distance, employing olive pollen and olive groves as examples. A third-degree polynomial relationship between the air particles at a particular point and the distance from the source was observed, signifying that the nearest area to a point is not that which is most correlated with its air features. This work allows the origin of airborne particles to be discovered and could be implemented in different disciplines related to atmospheric aerosol, thus providing a new approach with which to discover the dynamics of airborne particles.
AU  - Oteros, J.
AU  - Garcia-Mozo, H.*
AU  - Alcázar, P.*
AU  - Belmonte, J.*
AU  - Bermejo, D.*
AU  - Boi, M.*
AU  - Cariñanos, P.*
AU  - Díaz de la Guardia, C.*
AU  - Fernández-González, D.*
AU  - González-Minero, F.*
AU  - Gutiérrez-Bustillo, A.M.*
AU  - Moreno-Grau, S.*
AU  - Pérez-Badía, R.*
AU  - Rodríguez-Rajo, F.J.*
AU  - Ruíz-Valenzuela, L.*
AU  - Suárez-Pérez, J.*
AU  - Trigo, M.M.*
AU  - Domínguez-Vilches, E.*
AU  - Galan, C.*
C1  - 44109
C2  - 36751
CY  - London
SP  - 212-218
TI  - A new method for determining the sources of airborne particles.
JO  - J. Environ. Manage.
VL  - 155
PB  - Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd
PY  - 2015
SN  - 0301-4797
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - The impact of changes within a single land-use category or land-use intensity on microbial communities is poorly understood, especially with respect to fungi. Here we assessed how forest management regimes and a change in forest type affect the richness and community structure of wood-inhabiting fungi across Germany. We used molecular methods based on the length polymorphism of the internal transcribed spacers and the 5.8S rRNA gene to assess fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs). A cloning/sequencing approach was used to identify taxonomic affinities of the fungal OTUs. Overall, 20–24% and 25–27% of native fungal OTUs from forest reserves and semi-natural forests became undetectable or were lost in managed and converted forests, respectively. Fungal richness was significantly reduced during a regeneration phase in age-class beech forests with a high level of wood extraction (P = 0.017), whereas fungal community structures were not significantly affected. Conversion of forests from native, deciduous to coniferous species caused significant changes in the fungal community structure (R = 0.64–0.66, P = 0.0001) and could reduce fungal richness (P < 0.05) which may depend on which coniferous species was introduced. Our results showed that Ascocoryne cylichnium, Armillaria sp., Exophiala moniliae, Hyphodontia subalutacea and Fomes fomentarius, all known for wood-decaying abilities were strongly reduced in their abundances when forests were converted from beech to coniferous. We conclude that changes within a single land-use category can be regarded as a major threat to fungal diversity in temperate forest ecosystems.
AU  - Purahong, W.*
AU  - Hoppe, B.*
AU  - Kahl, T.*
AU  - Schloter, M.
AU  - Schulze, E.-D.*
AU  - Bauhus, J.*
AU  - Buscot, F.*
AU  - Krüger, D.*
C1  - 30932
C2  - 34024
CY  - London
SP  - 109-119
TI  - Changes within a single land-use category alter microbial diversity and community structure: Molecular evidence from wood-inhabiting fungi in forest ecosystems.
JO  - J. Environ. Manage.
VL  - 139
PB  - Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd
PY  - 2014
SN  - 0301-4797
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Radon is a naturally occurring inert radioactive gas found in soils and rocks that can accumulate in dwellings, and is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. This study aims to analyze the cost effectiveness of different intervention strategies to reduce radon concentrations in existing German dwellings. The cost effectiveness analysis (CEA) was conducted as a scenario analysis, where each scenario represents a specific regulatory regime. A decision theoretic model was developed, which reflects accepted recommendations for radon screening and mitigation and uses most up-to-date data on radon distribution and relative risks. The model was programmed to account for compliance with respect to the single steps of radon intervention, as well as data on the sensitivity/specificity of radon tests. A societal perspective was adopted to calculate costs and effects. All scenarios were calculated for different action levels. Cost effectiveness was measured in costs per averted case of lung cancer, costs per life year gained and costs per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained. Univariate and multivariate deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (SA) were performed. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses were based on Monte Carlo simulations with 5000 model runs. The results show that legal regulations with mandatory screening and mitigation for indoor radon levels >100 Bq/m(3) are most cost effective. Incremental cost effectiveness compared to the no mitigation base case is 25,181 euro (95% CI: 7371 euro-90,593 euro) per QALY gained. Other intervention strategies focussing primarily on the personal responsibility for screening and/or mitigative actions show considerably worse cost effectiveness ratios. However, targeting radon intervention to radon-prone areas is significantly more cost effective. Most of the uncertainty that surrounds the results can be ascribed to the relative risk of radon exposure. It can be concluded that in the light of international experience a legal regulation requiring radon screening and, if necessary, mitigation is justifiable under the terms of CEA.
AU  - Haucke, F.
C1  - 5832
C2  - 27803
SP  - 2263-2274
TI  - The cost effectiveness of radon mitigation in existing German dwellings - a decision theoretic analysis.
JO  - J. Environ. Manage.
VL  - 91
IS  - 11
PB  - Academic Press.
PY  - 2010
SN  - 0301-4797
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Investigations using chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics provide the parameters R(fd), L, and A(p) to characterize different specifications of the photosynthetic system (PS). The application of ozone, with concentrations between 100 μg m-3 and 2000 μg m-3 to spruce in closed chambers yields a reduction of R(fd) between 6% and 23% for the current years needles, which indicates a reduced potential photosynthetic capacity. Further measurements on the current year's needles of spruce of the damage classes S0/S1, S2 and S3 show also a reduction of R(fd) of between 7% and 14% in 2 successive years. In addition, the parameter L increases for damaged trees by between 11% and 49%, indicating a change of the chlorophyll content and of the internal energy distribution between PSI and PSII. As no effect of L can be observed with ozone fumigation, it is concluded that the change of some specifications of the PS can be simulated well by ozone fumigation (e.g. R(fj)) while other specifications cannot (e.g. L).
AU  - Ruth, B.
AU  - Weisel, B.
C1  - 40602
C2  - 38754
SP  - 31-35
TI  - Investigations on the photosynthetic system of spruce affected by forest decline and ozone fumigation in closed chambers.
JO  - J. Environ. Manage.
VL  - 36
IS  - 2
PY  - 1992
SN  - 0301-4797
ER  -