TY  - JOUR
AB  - Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were analyzed in three different ages (half-, 1.5-, 2.5-year-old) for needles and semi permeable membrane devices (SPMDs) at three deployment periods from sea level to 1881 meter above sea level. Individual HCHs concentrations ranged between 1.4 and 129 pg/g fw depending on the age and sampling season while 2.5-year-old needles showed higher HCHs levels compared to half and 1.5- year-old. Correlation between elevation and HCH concentration in SPMDs was found but not in needle samples. Concentrations of HCHs in SPMDs indicated clearly cold condensation effect on accumulation in winter period and increased with altitude. Concentrations of DDTs in half and 1.5-year-old needles were lower than 2.5-year-old needles. The highest total concentration of DDTs was detected in 1-year-period SPMD. Higher concentrations were found in 2.5-year-old needles for other OCPs. Seasonal and altitude-dependent changes were not observed for other OCPs in SMPDs. Total accumulation of OCPs in SPMDs were found higher than in needles. On the contrary, an increased accumulation rate was observed for HCHs in SPMD. In general, Total concentrations of DDTs and HCHs were similar to total of other OCPs in all altitudes when dominating endosulfan wasnot taken into account in the computation of total concentration of other OCPs.
AU  - Mazmanci, B.*
AU  - Mazmanci, M.A.*
AU  - Turgut, C.*
AU  - Atatanir, L.*
AU  - Yalçın, M.*
AU  - Kurt-Karakus, P.B.*
AU  - Henkelmann, B.
AU  - Schramm, K.-W.
C1  - 59386
C2  - 48798
CY  - 530 Walnut Street, Ste 850, Philadelphia, Pa 19106 Usa
SP  - 694-703
TI  - Pine needle and semi-permeable membrane device derived organochlorine compounds (OCPs) concentrations in air in Mersin Province to Taurus, Turkey.
JO  - J. Environ. Sci. Health B
VL  - 55
IS  - 8
PB  - Taylor & Francis Inc
PY  - 2020
SN  - 0360-1234
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - A magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP) for chloramphenicol was prepared using a surface-imprinted and microwave-heating-induced polymerization method. The surfaces of the magnetic particles were first double-bond functionalized with 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (gamma-MPS), followed by the copolymerization of 4-vinyl pyridine (4-VP) and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM) in the presence of chloramphenicol as a template and 1,1-azobis(cyclohexane-carbonitrile) (ABCN) as an initiator in a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide and water with microwave heating at 80 degrees C. The magnetic polymer possesses supraparamagnetic properties and was used to concentrate and cleanup chicken feed extract, followed by chromatographic separation using a Lichrospher (R) 100 RP C8 column and detection with two multi-reaction monitoring transitions at m/z 321 -> 152 and m/z 321 -> 257. The mean recoveries obtained at two spiking levels were in the range of 94.6-100% The relative intra- and inter-day standard deviations were in the range of 1.4-2.6% and 5.1-5.7%, respectively. The detection limit of the method was 0.12 mu g kg(-1). This confirmatory method was successfully applied to determine chloramphenicol in chicken feed samples.
AU  - Kunsa-Ngiem, S.*
AU  - Sutthivaiyakit, P.*
AU  - Lowmunkhong, P.*
AU  - Harir, M.
AU  - Schmitt-Kopplin, P.
AU  - Sutthivaiyakit, S.*
C1  - 53990
C2  - 45180
CY  - 530 Walnut Street, Ste 850, Philadelphia, Pa 19106 Usa
SP  - 738-745
TI  - Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer prepared by microwave heating for confirmatory determination of chloramphenicol in chicken feed using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
JO  - J. Environ. Sci. Health B
VL  - 53
IS  - 11
PB  - Taylor & Francis Inc
PY  - 2018
SN  - 0360-1234
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - This study was performed to identify the degradation products of profenofos “a phenyl organothiophosphate insecticide” in raw water (RW) collected from the entry point of Metropolitan Water Works Authority “Bangkaen, Thailand” and ultrapure water (UPW) with and without TiO2 under simulated sunlight irradiation. Degradation of profenofos was followed with ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and follows pseudo first-order kinetic. Accordingly, high-field FTICR mass spectrometry coupled to an electrospray ionization source was used to reveal the degradation routes of profenofos and the isotopic fine structures (IFS) elucidations to approve the chemical structures of its degradation products. More degradation products were detected in UPW as compared to RW. Consequently, two main degradation pathways namely (i) interactive replacements of bromine and hydrogen by hydroxyl functional groups and (ii) rupture of PO, PS, CBr and CCl bonds were observed. None interactive replacement of chlorine by hydroxyl functional group was detected. Accordingly, mechanistical pathways of the main degradation products were established.
AU  - Angthararuk, D.*
AU  - Harir, M.
AU  - Schmitt-Kopplin, P.
AU  - Sutthivaiyakit, S.*
AU  - Kettrup, A.*
AU  - Sutthivaiyakit, P.*
C1  - 49551
C2  - 40695
CY  - Philadelphia
SP  - 10-221-13
TI  - Degradation products of profenofos as identified by high-field FTICR mass spectrometry: Isotopic fine structure approach.
JO  - J. Environ. Sci. Health B
VL  - 52
IS  - 1
PB  - Taylor & Francis Inc
PY  - 2017
SN  - 0360-1234
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - In this study, the effect of ciprofloxacin (CIP) on the catabolic diversity of soil microbial communities was evaluated. Soil samples were spiked with ciprofloxacin (0, 1, 5 and 50mgckg(-1)) and were incubated for 1, 3, 9, 22 and 40days. Untreated controls received only water. The functional diversity of the microbial community studied was characterized using a catabolic response profile (CRP). Six substrate groups were tested: carbohydrates, amino acids, carboxylic acids, aromatic chemicals, alcohols and polymers. After 40days, the CIP concentrations in the soil samples ranged from 25% to 58% of the initial concentrations. Soil respiratory responses to the individual substrates D-glucose, lactose, D-mannose, L-glutamic, Na-citrate, malic acid and inosine were inhibited at the high CIP concentrations (5 and 50mg center dot kg(-1)) in the soils and were increased at the lowest CIP concentration (1mg center dot kg(-1)). Soil respiration was inhibited at all of the CIP concentrations after the addition of D-galactose and glycerol. The CIP concentration and incubation time explained 45.3% of the variance of the catabolic responses. The CRP analysis clearly discriminated among the different CIP concentrations. The results suggest that CIP strongly affects the catabolic diversities of soil microbial communities and that its effect is more significant than that of incubation time.
AU  - Cui, H.
AU  - Wang, S.-P.*
AU  - Jia, S.-G.*
AU  - Zhang, N.*
AU  - Zhou, Z.Q.*
C1  - 25967
C2  - 32010
SP  - 869-877
TI  - Influence of ciprofloxacin on the microbial catabolic diversity in soil.
JO  - J. Environ. Sci. Health B
VL  - 48
IS  - 10
PB  - Taylor & Francis
PY  - 2013
SN  - 0360-1234
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - This study elucidates the effects of carbon amendment on metabolic degradation of atrazine (6-chloro-N(2)-ethyl-N(4)-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) and total microbial biomass in soil. Degradation of (14)C-ring-labelled atrazine was monitored in laboratory incubations of soils supplemented with 0, 10, 100 and 1000 μg g(-1) sucrose concentrations. An experiment to determine the effect of carbon amendment on total microbial biomass and soil respiration was carried out with different concentrations of sucrose and non-labelled atrazine. The soils were incubated at a constant temperature and constant soil moisture at water potential of -15 kPa and a soil density of 1.3 g cm(-3). Mineralization of (14)C-ring-labelled atrazine was monitored continuously over a period of 59 d in the first experiment. The CO(2) production was monitored for 62 d in the second experiment and microbial biomass determined at the end of the incubation period. The addition of 1000 μg g(-1) sucrose reduced atrazine mineralization to 43.5% compared to 51.7% of the applied amount for the treatment without sucrose. The addition of 1000 μg g(-1) sucrose modified the transformation products to 1.08 μg g(-1) deisopropylatrazine (DIA), 0.32 μg g(-1) desethylatrazine (DEA) and 0.18 μg g(-1) deisopropyl-2-hydroxyatrazine (OH-DIA). Treatment without sucrose resulted in formation of 0.64 μg g(-1) hydroxyatrazine (HA), 0.28 μg g(-1) DIA and 0.20 μg g(-1) OH-DIA. Atrazine dealkylation was enhanced in treatments with 100 and 1000 μg g(-1) of sucrose added. HA metabolite was formed in the control (no sucrose) and in the presence of 10 μg g(-1) of sucrose, whereas DEA was only detected in treatment with 1000 μg g(-1) sucrose. Results indicate that total microbial biomass increased significantly (P < 0.001) with the addition of 1000 μg g(-1) sucrose.
AU  - Ngigi, A.N.*
AU  - Getenga, Z.M.*
AU  - Dörfler, U.
AU  - Boga, H.I.*
AU  - Kuria, B.*
AU  - Ndalut, P.*
AU  - Schroll, R.
C1  - 10585
C2  - 30299
SP  - 40-48
TI  - Effects of carbon amendment on in situ atrazine degradation and total microbial biomass.
JO  - J. Environ. Sci. Health B
VL  - 48
IS  - 1
PB  - Informa Healthcare
PY  - 2013
SN  - 0360-1234
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - This study was undertaken to determine the concentrations of carbofuran residues in water, soil and plant samples from selected sites in the farmlands in Kenya and to demonstrate the impact of Furadan use on the local environment. Soil, water and plant samples obtained from agricultural farmlands where the technical formulation Furadan has been used extensively showed high environmental contamination with concentrations of carbofuran and its two toxic metabolites 3-hydroxycarbofuran and 3-ketocarbofuran, separately, ranging from 0.010-1.009 mg/kg of dry surface soil, 0.005-0.495 mg/L in water samples from two rivers flowing through the farms and bdl-2.301 mg/L in water samples from ponds and dams located close to the farms. Maize plant samples contained these residues in concentrations ranging from 0.04-1.328 mg/kg of dry plant tissue. The significantly high concentration levels of carbofuran and its metabolites, 3-ketocarbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran, found in various matrices demonstrate that Furadan was used extensively in the two areas and that there was environmental distribution and exposure of residues in water which posed risks when used for domestic purposes or as drinking water for animals in two wildlife conservancies where the dams and ponds are located. Surface soil contamination was also high and posed risks through run-off into the dams and rivers as well as through secondary exposure to small birds and mammals.
AU  - Otieno, P.O.*
AU  - Lalah, J.O.*
AU  - Virani, M.*
AU  - Jondiko, I.O.*
AU  - Schramm, K.-W.
C1  - 679
C2  - 27289
SP  - 137-144
TI  - Soil and water contamination with carbofuran residues in agricultural farmlands in Kenya following the application of the technical formulation Furadan.
JO  - J. Environ. Sci. Health B
VL  - 45
IS  - 2
PB  - Taylor&Francis Ltd.
PY  - 2010
SN  - 0360-1234
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - A pot trial was carried out to investigate the adverse effects of tetracycline (TC) on soil microbial communities, microbial activities, and the growth of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L). The results showed that the presence of TC significantly disturbed the structure of microbial communities and inhibited soil microbial activities in terms of urease, acid phosphatase and dehydrogenase (p < 0.05). Plant biomass was adversely influenced by TC, especially the roots with a reduction of 40% when compared with the control. Furthermore, TC decreased the assimilation of phosphorus by the plant although the concentration of phosphorus was increased by 20% due to decreased plant biomass. TC seemed to increase the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (by 20%) in soil. The findings implied that the agricultural use of animal manure or fishpond sediment containing considerable amounts of antibiotics may give rise to ecological risks.
AU  - Wie, X.*
AU  - Wu, S.C.*
AU  - Nie, X.P.*
AU  - Yediler, A.
AU  - Wong, M.H.*
C1  - 1970
C2  - 26344
SP  - 461-471
TI  - The effects of residual tetracycline on soil enzymatic activities and plant growth.
JO  - J. Environ. Sci. Health B
VL  - 44
IS  - 5
PB  - Taylor & Francis
PY  - 2009
SN  - 0360-1234
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Mass balance and fate of atrazine-14C and pentachlorophenol-14C (PCP-14C) were studied in short-term tests in a closed aerated laboratory soil-plant system, using two concentrations in soil and two plant species, as well as under outdoor conditions for one vegetation period. In the laboratory, for both pesticides bioaccumulation factors of radiocarbon taken up by the roots into plants were low. They were higher for lower (1 ppm) than for higher soil concentrations (6 ppm for atrazine, 4 ppm for pentachlorophenol) and varied with the plant species. Mineralization to 14CO2 in soil was negatively related to soil concentration only for PCP-14C. Conversion rates in soil including the formation of soil-bound residues were higher for the lower concentrations of both pesticides than for the higher ones; conversion rates in plants were species-dependent. In terms of 14CO2 formation of conversion rates, PCP was less persistent in soil than was atrazine. For both pesticides, laboratory data on conversion and mineralization gave a rough prediction of their persistence in soil under long-term outdoor conditions, whereas bioaccumulation factors in plants under long-term outdoor conditions could not be predicted by short-term laboratory experiments.
AU  - Scheunert, I.
AU  - Qiao, Z.
AU  - Korte, F.
C1  - 42112
C2  - 38452
SP  - 457-485
TI  - Comparative studies of the fate of atrazine-14C and pentachlorophenol-14C in various laboratory and outdoor soil-plant systems.
JO  - J. Environ. Sci. Health B
VL  - 21
IS  - 6
PY  - 1986
SN  - 0360-1234
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Different methods were tested for their suitability to assess the effects of chemicals on soil microbial activity: determination of ATP-content, respiration and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis. Fresh soil was either used immediately or amended with 0.5% alfalfa meal, in order to improve the conditions of the microorganisms. The chemicals were applied in concentrations of 2, 20 and 200 μg·g-1. As herbicides, atrazine, pentachlorophenol, 4-chloroaniline and chloroacetamide were used, as fungicides zineb (zinc ethylene-1,2-bis-dithiocarbamidate) and captan (n-trichloromethylthiotetrahydrophthalimide), as insecticides lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane) and 4-nitrophenol, and as a bactericide, HgCl2. The observations were limited to 48 days. The effects caused by atrazine, lindane and captan were minor. The remaining pesticides induced measurable changes in the behaviour of microorganisms: while higher concentrations caused mostly reversible or irreversible reductions in ATP-content and in FDA-hydrolysis, small concentrations sometimes produced stimulative effects. The production of CO2 was stimulated by several pesticides in various concentrations. Improvement of soil by the addition of alfalfa meal promoted the reversibility of effects caused by chemicals.
AU  - Zelles, L.
AU  - Scheunert, I.
AU  - Korte, F.
C1  - 40877
C2  - 40320
SP  - 457-488
TI  - Side effects of some pesticides on non-target soil microorganisms.
JO  - J. Environ. Sci. Health B
VL  - 20
IS  - 5
PY  - 1985
SN  - 0360-1234
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - β-Hexachlorocyclohexane-14C (1.5 ppm) was administered in the diet to rats for one week. During the elimination phase three therapeutic agents were fed to enhance the clearance. Renal and fecal excreted radioactive products were collected for 8 weeks and extracted. Although significant differences in the total excreted amount of radioactivity were registered between controls and treated rats, there were no quantitative differences in the extractability of the excreta and no differences in the chemical nature of metabolites found. Radioactivity in urine consisted to 100% of conversion products, about 30% of which were unextractable residues. In the organic soluble fraction the 2,4,6-trichlorophenol was the major metabolite in urine and the only metabolite detected in feces. Minor conversion products of β-HCH in urine were a trichlorohydroxymethoxybenzene, a dichlorophenol and a trace of tetrachlorocyclohexane-isomer.
AU  - Lay, J.P.
AU  - Klein, W.
AU  - Korte, F.
AU  - Richter, E.
C1  - 41076
C2  - 0
SP  - 227-238
TI  - Metabolism of β-hexachlorocyclohexane-14C in rats following low dosing in the daily diet.
JO  - J. Environ. Sci. Health B
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
PY  - 1981
SN  - 0360-1234
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Residue disappearance and leaching from soils was correlated negatively to organic matter content. In experiments with a sandy loam soil at an application rate normally used in practice, an average of 12.5% of the applied radioactivity was recovered after an 8 day interval between application and sowing. An average of 8% (sum in soil and plants) of the applied radioactivity was recovered after lettuce or carrot growing. Uptake of residues was higher by carrots than by lettuce, and higher by lettuce roots than by lettuce tops. No bioaccumulation was observed.
AU  - Scheunert, I.
AU  - Vockel, D.
AU  - Klein, W.
AU  - Korte, F.
C1  - 41480
C2  - 38453
SP  - 6
TI  - Fate of 14C- allylalcohol herbicide in soils and crop residues.
JO  - J. Environ. Sci. Health B
IS  - B16
PY  - 1981
SN  - 0360-1234
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - 3,4-dichloroaniline- 14C was applied to soil under outdoor conditions, at a rate corresponding to 1.43 kg/ha. Barley was sown immediately after application; in the following year, potatoes were planted. After the first season, a total of 69.8% of the radio-carbon applied was recovered in soil, plants and leaching water, and after the second year the recovery was still 67.1%. Most of the radioactivity was found in the top soil layer (0-10 cm depth). The total radioactivity in barley grains was 0.02 μg/g (equivalent to 3,4-dichloroaniline), the peeled potatoes 0.01 μg/g. Most of the residues in soil and plants was unextractable with organic solvents (50% to 94%); unconverted 3,4-dichloroaniline was about 1% of the residues present after one growing season and less than 1% after the second year's harvest. From purified soil extracts, the following conversion products were identified by chromatographic retention data and by mass spectra of reference compounds: 3,4, 3', 4'-tetrachloroazobenzene (I), 3,4-dichloroformanilide (II), 3,4-dichloroacetanilide (III), and 6-hydroxy-3, 4-dichloroacetanilide (VI). In plants, the conversion products I and III were identified only by Rf-values in various TLC-systems.
AU  - Viswanathan, R.
AU  - Scheunert, I.
AU  - Kohli, J.
C1  - 42004
C2  - 35798
SP  - 243-259
TI  - Long-term studies on the fate of 3,4-dichloroaniline- 14C in a plant-soil-system under outdoor conditions.
JO  - J. Environ. Sci. Health B
VL  - 13
IS  - 3
PY  - 1978
SN  - 0360-1234
ER  -