TY - JOUR AU - Yamamoto, H.* AU - Hayashi, K.* AU - Scherb, H. C1 - 62669 C2 - 50894 CY - Great Clarendon St, Oxford Ox2 6dp, England SP - 420-424 TI - A comment on: 'Absorbed radiation doses in the thyroid as estimated by UNSCEAR and subsequent risk of childhood thyroid cancer following the Great East Japan'. JO - J. Radiat. Res. VL - 62 IS - 3 PB - Oxford Univ Press PY - 2021 SN - 0449-3060 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In order to quantify radiation risks at exposure scenarios relevant for radiation protection, often extrapolation of data obtained at high doses and high dose rates down to low doses and low dose rates is needed. Task Group TG91 on 'Radiation Risk Inference at Low-dose and Low-dose Rate Exposure for Radiological Protection Purposes' of the International Commission on Radiological Protection is currently reviewing the relevant cellular, animal and human studies that could be used for that purpose. This paper provides an overview of dose rates and doses typically used or present in those studies, and compares them with doses and dose rates typical of those received by the A-bomb survivors in Japan. AU - Rühm, W. AU - Azizova, T.* AU - Bouffler, S.* AU - Cullings, H.M.* AU - Grosche, B.* AU - Little, M.P.* AU - Shore, R.S.* AU - Walsh, L.* AU - Woloschak, G.E.* C1 - 52938 C2 - 44325 CY - 233 Spring St, New York, Ny 10013 Usa SP - ii1-ii10 TI - Typical doses and dose rates in studies pertinent to radiation risk inference at low doses and low dose rates. JO - J. Radiat. Res. VL - 59 PB - Springer PY - 2018 SN - 0449-3060 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The biokinetics of radon in the body has previously been studied with the assumption that its absorption through the skin is negligibly small. This assumption would be acceptable except in specific situations, such as bathing in a radon hot spring where the radon concentration in thermal water is far higher than that in air. The present study focused on such a situation in order to better understand the biokinetics of radon. To mathematically express the entry of radon through the skin into the body, we first modified the latest sophisticated biokinetic model for noble gases. Values of an important parameter for the model-the skin permeability coefficient K (m s(-1))-were derived using data from previous human studies. The analysis of such empirical data, which corresponded to radon concentrations in the air exhaled by subjects during and following bathing in radon-rich thermal water, revealed that the estimated K values had a log-normal distribution. The validity of the K values and the characteristics of the present model are then discussed. Furthermore, the impact of the intake of radon or its progeny via inhalation or skin absorption on radiation dose was also assessed for possible exposure scenarios in a radon hot spring. It was concluded that, depending on the radon concentration in thermal water, there might be situations in which the dose contribution resulting from skin absorption of radon is comparable to that resulting from inhalation of radon and its progeny. This conclusion can also apply to other therapeutic situations (e.g. staying in the pool for a longer period). AU - Sakoda, A. AU - Ishimori, Y.* AU - Tschiersch, J. C1 - 48147 C2 - 39953 CY - Oxford SP - 336-342 TI - Evaluation of the intake of radon through skin from thermal water. JO - J. Radiat. Res. VL - 57 IS - 4 PB - Oxford Univ Press PY - 2016 SN - 0449-3060 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Heart disease is the leading global cause of death. The risk for this disease is significantly increased in populations exposed to ionizing radiation, but the mechanisms are not fully elucidated yet. This review aims to gather and discuss the latest data about pathological and biological consequences in the radiation-exposed heart in a comprehensive manner. A better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying radiation-induced damage in heart tissue and cardiac vasculature will provide novel targets for therapeutic interventions. These may be valuable for individuals clinically or occupationally exposed to varying doses of ionizing radiation. AU - Tapio, S. C1 - 49099 C2 - 41638 CY - Oxford SP - 439-448 TI - Pathology and biology of radiation-induced cardiac disease. JO - J. Radiat. Res. VL - 57 IS - 5 PB - Oxford Univ Press PY - 2016 SN - 0449-3060 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Reversible lysine acetylation is a highly regulated post-translational protein modification that is known to regulate several signaling pathways. However, little is known about the radiation-induced changes in the acetylome. In this study, we analyzed the acute post-translational acetylation changes in primary human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells 4 h after a gamma radiation dose of 2 Gy. The acetylated peptides were enriched using anti-acetyl conjugated agarose beads. A total of 54 proteins were found to be altered in their acetylation status, 23 of which were deacetylated and 31 acetylated. Pathway analyses showed three protein categories particularly affected by radiation-induced changes in the acetylation status: the proteins involved in the translation process, the proteins of stress response, and mitochondrial proteins. The activation of the canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways affecting actin cytoskeleton signaling and cell cycle progression was predicted. The protein expression levels of two nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylases, sirtuin 1 and sirtuin 3, were significantly but transiently upregulated 4 but not 24 h after irradiation. The status of the p53 protein, a target of sirtuin 1, was found to be rapidly stabilized by acetylation after radiation exposure. These findings indicate that post-translational modification of proteins by acetylation and deacetylation is essentially affecting the radiation response of the endothelium. AU - Barjaktarovic, Z. AU - Kempf, S.J. AU - Sriharshan, A. AU - Merl-Pham, J. AU - Atkinson, M.J. AU - Tapio, S. C1 - 44105 C2 - 36748 SP - 623-632 TI - Ionizing radiation induces immediate protein acetylation changes in human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells. JO - J. Radiat. Res. VL - 56 IS - 4 PY - 2015 SN - 0449-3060 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Genetic factors can modify susceptibility to the carcinogenic effect of ionising radiation. To establish if radioiodine-induced thyroid cancer is similarly genetically influenced, we studied F1 hybrid crosses between inbred mouse strains. Mice were perinatally exposed to iodine-131 and thyroid tissues examined after 18 months. Differences in the incidence and distribution of histological subtypes were quantified in relation to genetic background. As expected, the occurrence of thyroid lesions was significantly higher in irradiated mouse hybrids than in unirradiated controls. The most frequent alterations were the simple and the complex hyperplasias, followed by follicular adenoma and, less frequently, follicular carcinoma. Both the incidence and distribution of the histiotype were different between the hybrid mouse crosses. Crosses using JF1 mice (M. m. molossinus) produced F1 offspring that were more resistant to radiation-induced thyroid lesions. Sequence analysis of Braf, Ret, Hras, Kras, Kit and Trp53, all genes that are commonly mutated in human thyroid cancers, did not show any evidence of mutation in the tumours. However, microsatellite analysis of genomic DNA revealed frequent allelic imbalances in complex hyperplasia and follicular adenoma. We conclude that genetic background, in particular the JF1 genotype, confer differences in susceptibility to the carcinogenic effects of radioiodine on the thyroid. AU - Dalke, C. AU - Hölzlwimmer, G. AU - Calzada-Wack, J. AU - Quintanilla-Martinez, L. AU - Atkinson, M.J. AU - Rosemann, M. C1 - 8171 C2 - 30009 SP - 343-352 TI - Differences in the susceptibility to iodine131-induced thyroid tumours amongst inbred mouse strains. JO - J. Radiat. Res. VL - 53 IS - 3 PB - Oxford Univ. Press PY - 2012 SN - 0449-3060 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Chernobyl Soil/I-129/AMS/ICPMS/Iodine. A large amount of radioiodine isotopes (mainly I-131, t(1/2) = 8 days) was released from the accident at Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (CNPP) in April-May 1986. An increase in childhood-thyroid cancer in the contaminated areas in Belarus, Russia and the Ukraine was demonstrated to be caused by radioiodine released at the time of the accident. However, there is a lack of quantitative data on the I-131 levels in the local environment (e.g. air, plant, soil). At this point, a long-lived iodine isotope, I-129 (t(1/2) = 15.7 million years), also released with a certain ratio to I-131 from CNPP, Could be used for estimating the 1311 levels in the environment. In this paper we present analytical results of the I-129 concentrations and I-129/I-127 atom ratios in soil samples collected from the CNPP exclusion zone (30-km zone), with the aim of assessing Current contamination levels and distribution patterns. For the analysis of the iodine fraction in the investigated soil samples, the pyrohydrolysis method was utilized for separation of I-127 and I-129 nuclides, and Subsequently their concentration was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), respectively. The concentration of I-129 and the I-129/I-127 atom ratio in the surface soil samples in the 30 km-zone of CNPP ranged from 4.6 to 170 mBq/kg, and from 1.4 x 10(-6) to 13 x 10(-6), respectively. These values are significantly higher than those from global I-129 fallout, indicating that most of the measured I-129 was due to the deposition of the accident. Stable iodine concentrations in this area were found to be very low (below 1 ppm) for most of the samples, Suggesting the environmental iodine levels in this area to be potentially low. The I-129/Cs-137 activity ratio in surface and sub-surface soils was not so constant, i.e., in the range (7.3-20.2) x 10(-7). This might be due to the different behavior of deposition and/or migration of these nuclides in soil. These results Suggest the obtained data of I-129 to be useful for the reconstruction of the I-131 deposition in the contaminated areas. AU - Sahoo, S.K.* AU - Muramatsu, Y.* AU - Yoshida, S. AU - Matsuzaki, H.* AU - Rühm, W. C1 - 1628 C2 - 26287 SP - 325-332 TI - Determination of 129I and 127I concentration in soil samples from the Chernobyl 30-km zone by AMS and ICP-MS. JO - J. Radiat. Res. VL - 50 IS - 4 PB - Japan Radiation Research Soc PY - 2009 SN - 0449-3060 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) techniques were applied to quartz grains extracted from various depths in bricks taken from buildings in the village of Dolon', Kazakhstan, to determine the cumulative absorbed dose, D-T. The measurements were performed in four laboratories (EU supported Measurement Group). The results obtained using TL and OSL are compared and discussed with reference to known sources of experimental uncertainty and relevant luminescence characteristics that may affect the evaluation of the absorbed dose. The external nature of the irradiation due to gamma rays from artificial radionuclides is verified by the measurement of depth-dose profiles, and these are compared with those obtained in previous studies for bricks from the same region. To produce these profiles, the cumulative dose due to natural background radiation, D-BG, was assessed, particularly based on the concentrations of radionuclides of lithogenic origin within the bricks and the surrounding environment. The consistency of these estimates of D-BG was assessed using depth-dose data and absorbed dose determinations for bricks collected from shielded locations. The values of cumulative absorbed dose since the onset of fallout, D-X, were calculated as the difference between the values of total cumulative dose in bricks since its manufacture, D-T, and values of D-BG. Furthermore, estimations of the cumulative absorbed doses in air in the reference location near the sampled buildings, D-RL(X), were obtained using corresponding conversion factors, C-RL, estimated on the basis of previous work. In addition to results for samples distributed for the International Intercomparison, reference is made to relevant results from samples that were collected in 1999 from Dolon' village and studied as part of EU-supported research. AU - Göksu-Ögelman, H.Y. AU - Stephanenko, V.F.* AU - Bailiff, I.K.* AU - Jungner, H.* C1 - 531 C2 - 23493 SP - 29-37 TI - Intercomparison of luminescence measurements of Bricks from Dolon' Village : Experimental methodology and results of European study group. JO - J. Radiat. Res. VL - 47 IS - SUPPL. A PY - 2006 SN - 0449-3060 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Semipalatinsk Test Site (STS) in Kazakhstan was one of the major sites used by the former USSR for testing nuclear weapons for more than 40 years. Since the early 1990s, agricultural activities have been re-established there by neighbouring collective and private farms. Therefore, it has become important to evaluate the radiological situation and the current and future risk to people living on and using the contaminated area. During the last eight years, GSF has participated in many international projects performed on the STS to evaluate the radiological situation. A large number of soil, vegetation and food samples has been collected and analysed. Internal dose is one of the main components of the total dose when deriving risk factors for a population living within the test site. Internal doses, based on food monitoring and whole body measurements, were calculated for adults and were in the range of 13500 mu Sv/y due to radiocaesium and radiostrontium. AU - Semioshkina, N.A. AU - Voigt, G.* C1 - 226 C2 - 23494 SP - 95-100 TI - An overview on GSF activities at the Semipalatinsk test site, Kazakhstan. JO - J. Radiat. Res. VL - 47 IS - SUPPL. A PB - JAPAN RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PY - 2006 SN - 0449-3060 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Several studies suggested a causal link between AML1 gene rearrangements and both radiation-induced acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Fifty-three AML samples were analyzed for the presence of AML1 abnormalities using fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Of these patients, 24 had experienced radiation exposure due to the Chernobyl accident, and 29 were non-irradiated spontaneous AML cases and served as controls. AML1/ETO translocations were found in 9 of 29 spontaneous AML but only in 1 of 24 radiation-associated AML cases. This difference between translocation frequencies is statistically significant in the age-unstratified cohorts (p=0.015). Following age stratification, the difference becomes less pronounced but remains on borderline significance (p=0.053). AML1 mutation status was assessed in 5 clean-up workers at Chernobyl NPP with MDS, or AML following MDS, by direct sequencing of genomic DNA from the coding region (exon 3 through 8). In one patient who developed MDS following an acute radiation syndrome, a hexanucleotide duplication of CGGCAT in exon 8 was found, inserted after base position 1502. Our results suggest that AML1 gene translocations are infrequent in radiation-induced leukemogenesis but are consistent with the idea that radiation may contribute to the development of MDS through AML1 gene mutation. AU - Klymenko, S.* AU - Trott, K.* AU - Atkinson, M.J. AU - Bink, K. AU - Bebeshko, V.* AU - Bazyko, D.* AU - Dmytrenko, I.* AU - Abramenko, I.* AU - Bilous, N.* AU - Misurin, A.* AU - Zitzelsberger, H. C1 - 3714 C2 - 23201 SP - 249-255 TI - Aml1 gene rearrangements and mutations in radiation-associated acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. JO - J. Radiat. Res. VL - 46 IS - 2 PB - JAPAN RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PY - 2005 SN - 0449-3060 ER -