TY  - JOUR
AB  - The increased positive impact of plant diversity on ecosystem functioning is often attributed to the accumulation of mutualists and dilution of antagonists in diverse plant communities. While increased plant diversity alters traits related to resource acquisition, it remains unclear whether it reduces defence allocation, whether this reduction differs between roots and leaves, or varies among species. To answer these questions, we assessed the effect of plant species richness, plant species identity and their interaction on the expression of 23 physical and chemical leaf and fine root defence traits of 16 plant species in a 19-yr-old biodiversity experiment. Only leaf mass per area, leaf and root dry matter content and root nitrogen, traits associated with both, resource acquisition and defence, responded consistently to species richness. However, species richness promoted a decoupling of these defences in leaves and fine roots, possibly in response to resource limitations in diverse communities. Species-specific responses were rare and related to chemical defence and mutualist collaboration, likely responding to species-specific antagonists' dilution and mutualists' accumulation. Overall, our study suggests that resource limitation in diverse communities might mediate the relationship between plant defence traits and antagonist dilution.
AU  - Bassi, L.*
AU  - Hennecke, J.*
AU  - Albracht, C.*
AU  - Solbach, M.D.*
AU  - Rai, A.*
AU  - Pinheiro Alves de Souza, Y.
AU  - Fox, A.*
AU  - Zeng, M.*
AU  - Doll, S.*
AU  - Doan, V.C.*
AU  - Richter, R.*
AU  - Kahl, A.*
AU  - Von Sivers, L.*
AU  - Winkler, L.*
AU  - Eisenhauer, N.*
AU  - Meyer, S.T.*
AU  - van Dam, N.M.*
AU  - Weigelt, A.*
C1  - 73537
C2  - 57085
CY  - 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
SP  - 377-806
TI  - Plant species richness promotes the decoupling of leaf and root defence traits while species-specific responses in physical and chemical defences are rare.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 246
IS  - 2
PB  - Wiley
PY  - 2025
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Robinia pseudoacacia L. (black locust) is a nitrogen (N)-fixing legume tree with significant ecological and agricultural importance. Unlike well-studied herbaceous legumes, R. pseudoacacia is a perennial woody species, representing an understudied group of legume trees that establish symbiosis with Mesorhizobium. Understanding its genomic and transcriptional responses to nodulation provides key insights into N fixation in long-lived plants and their role in ecosystem N cycling. We assembled a high-quality 699.6-Mb reference genome and performed transcriptomic analyses comparing inoculated and noninoculated plants. Differential expression and co-expression network analyses revealed organ-specific regulatory pathways, identifying key genes associated with symbiosis, nutrient transport, and stress adaptation. Unlike Medicago truncatula, which predominantly responds to nodulation in roots, R. pseudoacacia exhibited stem-centered transcriptional reprogramming, with the majority of differentially expressed genes located in stems rather than in roots. Co-expression network analysis identified gene modules associated with "leghemoglobins", metal detoxification, and systemic nutrient allocation, highlighting a coordinated long-distance response to N fixation. This study establishes R. pseudoacacia as a genomic model for nodulating trees, providing essential resources for evolutionary, ecological, and applied research. These findings have significant implications for reforestation, phytoremediation, forestry, and sustainable N management, particularly in depleted, degraded, and contaminated soil ecosystems.
AU  - Hu, B.*
AU  - Messerer, M.
AU  - Haberer, G.
AU  - Lux, T.
AU  - Marosi, V.B.
AU  - Mayer, K.F.X.
AU  - Oliphant, K.D.*
AU  - Kaufholdt, D.*
AU  - Schulze, J.*
AU  - Kreth, L.S.*
AU  - Jurgeleit, J.*
AU  - Geffers, R.*
AU  - Hänsch, R.*
AU  - Rennenberg, H.*
C1  - 73793
C2  - 57227
CY  - 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
SP  - 2522-2536
TI  - Genomic and transcriptomic insights into legume-rhizobia symbiosis in the nitrogen-fixing tree Robinia pseudoacacia.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 246
IS  - 6
PB  - Wiley
PY  - 2025
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Plant survival to a potential plethora of diverse environmental insults is underpinned by coordinated communication amongst organs to help shape effective responses to these environmental challenges at the whole plant level. This interorgan communication is supported by a complex signal network that regulates growth, development and environmental responses. Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as a key signalling molecule in plants. However, its potential role in interorgan communication has only recently started to come into view. Direct and indirect evidence has emerged supporting that NO and related species (S-nitrosoglutathione, nitro-linolenic acid) are mobile interorgan signals transmitting responses to stresses such as hypoxia and heat. Beyond their role as mobile signals, NO and related species are involved in mediating xylem development, thus contributing to efficient root-shoot communication. Moreover, NO and related species are regulators in intraorgan systemic defence responses aiming an effective, coordinated defence against pathogens. Beyond its in planta signalling role, NO and related species may act as ex planta signals coordinating external leaf-to-leaf, root-to-leaf but also plant-to-plant communication. Here, we discuss these exciting developments and emphasise how their manipulation may provide novel strategies for crop improvement.
AU  - Kolbert, Z.*
AU  - Barroso, J.B.*
AU  - Boscari, A.*
AU  - Corpas, F.J.*
AU  - Gupta, K.J.*
AU  - Hancock, J.T.*
AU  - Lindermayr, C.
AU  - Palma, J.M.*
AU  - Petřivalský, M.*
AU  - Wendehenne, D.*
AU  - Loake, G.J.*
C1  - 71616
C2  - 56311
CY  - 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
SP  - 786-797
TI  - Interorgan, intraorgan and interplant communication mediated by nitric oxide and related species.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 244
IS  - 3
PB  - Wiley
PY  - 2024
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Biophysicochemical rhizosheath properties play a vital role in plant drought adaptation. However, their integration into the framework of plant drought response is hampered by incomplete mechanistic understanding of their drought responsiveness and unknown linkage to intraspecific plant-soil drought reactions. Thirty-eight Zea mays varieties were grown under well-watered and drought conditions to assess the drought responsiveness of rhizosheath properties, such as soil aggregation, rhizosheath mass, net-rhizodeposition, and soil organic carbon distribution. Additionally, explanatory traits, including functional plant trait adaptations and changes in soil enzyme activities, were measured. Drought restricted soil structure formation in the rhizosheath and shifted plant-carbon from litter-derived organic matter in macroaggregates to microbially processed compounds in microaggregates. Variety-specific functional trait modifications determined variations in rhizosheath drought responsiveness. Drought responses of the plant-soil system ranged among varieties from maintaining plant-microbial interactions in the rhizosheath through accumulation of rhizodeposits, to preserving rhizosheath soil structure while increasing soil exploration through enhanced root elongation. Drought-induced alterations at the root-soil interface may hold crucial implications for ecosystem resilience in a changing climate. Our findings highlight that rhizosheath soil properties are an intrinsic component of plant drought response, emphasizing the need for a holistic concept of plant-soil systems in future research on plant drought adaptation.
AU  - Steiner, F.A.*
AU  - Wild, A.J.*
AU  - Tyborski, N.*
AU  - Tung, S.Y.*
AU  - Koehler, T.*
AU  - Buegger, F.
AU  - Carminati, A.*
AU  - Eder, B.*
AU  - Groth, J.*
AU  - Hesse, B.D.*
AU  - Pausch, J.*
AU  - Lüders, T.*
AU  - Vahl, W.K.*
AU  - Wolfrum, S.*
AU  - Mueller, C.W.*
AU  - Vidal, A.*
C1  - 70106
C2  - 55426
CY  - 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
SP  - 479-492
TI  - Rhizosheath drought responsiveness is variety-specific and a key component of belowground plant adaptation.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 242
IS  - 2
PB  - Wiley
PY  - 2024
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - The evolution of adjustable stomatal pores, enabling CO2 acquisition, was one of the most significant events in the development of life on land. Here, we investigate how the guard cell signalling pathways that regulate stomatal movements evolved. We compare fern and angiosperm guard cell transcriptomes and physiological responses, and examine the functionality of ion channels from diverse plant species. We find that, despite conserved expression in guard cells, fern anion channels from the SLAC/SLAH family are not activated by the same abscisic acid (ABA) pathways that provoke stomatal closure in angiosperms. Accordingly, we find an insensitivity of fern stomata to ABA. Moreover, our analysis points to a complex evolutionary history, featuring multiple gains and/or losses of SLAC activation mechanisms, as these channels were recruited to a role in stomatal closure. Our results show that the guard cells of flowering and nonflowering plants share similar core features, with lineage-specific and ecological niche-related adaptations, likely underlying differences in behaviour.
AU  - Sussmilch, F.C.*
AU  - Maierhofer, T.*
AU  - Herrmann, J.*
AU  - Voss, L.J.*
AU  - Lind, C.*
AU  - Messerer, M.
AU  - Müller, H.M.*
AU  - Bünner, M.S.*
AU  - Ache, P.*
AU  - Mayer, K.F.X.
AU  - Becker, D.*
AU  - Roelfsema, M.R.G.*
AU  - Geiger, D.*
AU  - Schultz, J.*
AU  - Hedrich, R.*
C1  - 71939
C2  - 56490
CY  - 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
TI  - Gaining or cutting SLAC: the evolution of plant guard cell signalling pathways.
JO  - New Phytol.
PB  - Wiley
PY  - 2024
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Agriculture is a major source of nutrient pollution, posing a threat to the earth system functioning. Factors determining the nutrient use efficiency of plant–soil systems need to be identified to develop strategies to reduce nutrient losses while ensuring crop productivity. The potential of soil biota to tighten nutrient cycles by improving plant nutrition and reducing soil nutrient losses is still poorly understood. We manipulated soil biota communities in outdoor lysimeters, planted maize, continuously collected leachates, and measured N2O- and N2-gas emissions after a fertilization pulse to test whether differences in soil biota communities affected nutrient recycling and N losses. Lysimeters with strongly simplified soil biota communities showed reduced crop N (−20%) and P (−58%) uptake, strongly increased N leaching losses (+65%), and gaseous emissions (+97%) of N2O and N2. Soil metagenomic analyses revealed differences in the abundance of genes responsible for nutrient uptake, nitrate reduction, and denitrification that helped explain the observed nutrient losses. Soil biota are major drivers of nutrient cycling and reductions in the diversity or abundance of certain groups (e.g. through land-use intensification) can disrupt nutrient cycling, reduce agricultural productivity and nutrient use efficiency, and exacerbate environmental pollution and global warming.
AU  - Bender, S.F.*
AU  - Schulz, S.
AU  - Martinez-Cuesta, R.
AU  - Laughlin, R.J.*
AU  - Kublik, S.
AU  - Pfeiffer-Zakharova, K.
AU  - Vestergaard, G.
AU  - Hartman, K.*
AU  - Parladé, E.*
AU  - Römbke, J.*
AU  - Watson, C.J.*
AU  - Schloter, M.
AU  - van der Heijden, M.G.A.*
C1  - 68283
C2  - 54707
CY  - 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
SP  - 2020-2034
TI  - Simplification of soil biota communities impairs nutrient recycling and enhances above- and belowground nitrogen losses.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 240
IS  - 5
PB  - Wiley
PY  - 2023
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Land plants evolved multiple adaptations to restrict transpiration. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not sufficiently understood. We used an ozone-sensitivity forward genetics approach to identify Arabidopsis thaliana mutants impaired in gas exchange regulation. High water loss from detached leaves and impaired decrease of leaf conductance in response to multiple stomata-closing stimuli were identified in a mutant of MURUS1 (MUR1), an enzyme required for GDP-l-fucose biosynthesis. High water loss observed in mur1 was independent from stomatal movements and instead could be linked to metabolic defects. Plants defective in import of GDP-l-Fuc into the Golgi apparatus phenocopied the high water loss of mur1 mutants, linking this phenotype to Golgi-localized fucosylation events. However, impaired fucosylation of xyloglucan, N-linked glycans, and arabinogalactan proteins did not explain the aberrant water loss of mur1 mutants. Partial reversion of mur1 water loss phenotype by borate supplementation and high water loss observed in boron uptake mutants link mur1 gas exchange phenotypes to pleiotropic consequences of l-fucose and boron deficiency, which in turn affect mechanical and morphological properties of stomatal complexes and whole-plant physiology. Our work emphasizes the impact of fucose metabolism and boron uptake on plant-water relations.
AU  - Waszczak, C.*
AU  - Yarmolinsky, D.*
AU  - Leal Gavarrón, M.*
AU  - Vahisalu, T.*
AU  - Sierla, M.*
AU  - Zamora, O.*
AU  - Carter, R.*
AU  - Puukko, T.*
AU  - Sipari, N.*
AU  - Lamminmäki, A.*
AU  - Durner, J.
AU  - Ernst, D.
AU  - Winkler, J.B.
AU  - Paulin, L.*
AU  - Auvinen, P.*
AU  - Fleming, A.J.*
AU  - Andersson, M.X.*
AU  - Kollist, H.*
AU  - Kangasjärvi, J.*
C1  - 68777
C2  - 54987
CY  - 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
SP  - 747-763
TI  - Synthesis and import of GDP-l-fucose into the Golgi affect plant-water relations.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 241
IS  - 2
PB  - Wiley
PY  - 2023
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Chenopodium quinoa uses epidermal bladder cells (EBCs) to sequester excess salt. Each EBC complex consist of a leaf epidermal cell, a stalk cell, and the very bladder. Under salt stress, Na+ , Cl- , K+ and metabolites are shuttled from the leaf lamina to the bladders. Stalk cells operate as both a selectivity filter and a flux controller. In line with the nature of a transfer cell, advanced transmission electron tomography, electrophysiology, and fluorescent tracer flux studies spotted the stalk cell's polar organization and bladder-directed solute flow. RNA sequencing and cluster analysis revealed the stalk cells gene expression profiles. Among the stalk cell enriched genes, ion channels and carriers as well as sugar transporters were most pronounced. Based on their electrophysiological fingerprint and thermodynamic considerations, a model for stalk cell transcellular transport was derived.
AU  - Bazihizina, N.*
AU  - Böhm, J.*
AU  - Messerer, M.
AU  - Stigloher, C.*
AU  - Müller, H.M.*
AU  - Cuin, T.A.*
AU  - Maierhofer, T.*
AU  - Cabot, J.*
AU  - Mayer, K.F.X.
AU  - Fella, C.*
AU  - Huang, S.*
AU  - Al-Rasheid, K.A.S.*
AU  - Alquraishi, S.A.*
AU  - Breadmore, M.*
AU  - Mancuso, S.*
AU  - Shabala, S.*
AU  - Ache, P.*
AU  - Zhang, H.*
AU  - Zhu, J.K.*
AU  - Hedrich, R.*
AU  - Scherzer, S.*
C1  - 65024
C2  - 52145
SP  - 1822-1835
TI  - Stalk cell polar ion transport provide for bladder-based salinity tolerance in Chenopodium quinoa.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 235
IS  - 5
PY  - 2022
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Carbon (C) exuded via roots is proposed to increase under drought and facilitate important ecosystem functions. However, it is unknown how exudate quantities relate to the total C budget of a drought-stressed tree, i.e. how much of net-C assimilation is allocated to exudation at the tree level. We calculated the proportion of daily C assimilation allocated to root exudation during early summer by collecting root exudates from mature Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies exposed to experimental drought, and combining above- and belowground C fluxes with leaf, stem, and fine-root surface area. Exudation from individual roots increased exponentially with decreasing soil moisture, with the highest increase at the wilting point. Despite ~50 % reduced C assimilation under drought, exudation from fine-root systems was maintained and trees exuded 1.0 % (F. sylvatica) to 2.5 % (P. abies) of net C into the rhizosphere, increasing the proportion of C allocation to exudates two- to threefold. Water-limited P. abies released two-thirds of its exudate-C into the surface soil, whereas it was only one-third in droughted F. sylvatica. Across the entire root system, droughted trees maintained exudation similar to controls, suggesting drought-imposed belowground C investment, which could be beneficial for ecosystem resilience.
AU  - Brunn, M.*
AU  - Hafner, B.D.*
AU  - Zwetsloot, M.J.*
AU  - Weikl, F.
AU  - Pritsch, K.
AU  - Hikino, K.*
AU  - Ruehr, N.K.*
AU  - Sayer, E.J.*
AU  - Bauerle, T.L.*
C1  - 64799
C2  - 51919
SP  - 965-977
TI  - Carbon allocation to root exudates is maintained in mature temperate tree species under drought.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 235
IS  - 3
PY  - 2022
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Nodule microbiota is dominated by symbiotic nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, however, other non-rhizobial bacteria also colonise this niche. Although many of these bacteria harbour plant-growth-promoting functions, it is not clear whether these less abundant nodule colonisers impact root-nodule symbiosis. We assessed the relationship between the nodule microbiome and nodulation as influenced by the soil microbiome, by using a metabarcoding approach to characterise the communities inside nodules of healthy and starved Lotus species. A machine learning algorithm and network analyses were used to identify nodule bacteria of interest, which were re-inoculated onto plants in controlled conditions to observe their potential functionality. The nodule microbiome of all tested species differed according to inoculum, but only that of Lotus burttii varied with plant health. Amplicon sequence variants representative of Pseudomonas species were the most indicative non-rhizobial signatures inside healthy L. burttii nodules and negatively correlated with Rhizobium sequences. A representative Pseudomonas isolate co-colonised nodules infected with a beneficial Mesorhizobium, but not with an ineffective Rhizobium isolate and another even reduced the number of ineffective nodules induced on Lotus japonicus. Our results show that nodule endophytes influence the overall outcome of the root-nodule symbiosis, albeit in a plant host-specific manner.
AU  - Crosbie, D.B.*
AU  - Mahmoudi, M.*
AU  - Radl, V.
AU  - Brachmann, A.*
AU  - Schloter, M.
AU  - Kemen, E.*
AU  - Marín, M.*
C1  - 64269
C2  - 51826
CY  - 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
SP  - 242-255
TI  - Microbiome profiling reveals that Pseudomonas antagonise parasitic nodule colonisation of cheater rhizobia in Lotus.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 234
IS  - 1
PB  - Wiley
PY  - 2022
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Nitric oxide (NO) is a multifunctional gaseous signal that modulates the growth, development and stress tolerance of higher plants. NO donors have been used to boost plant endogenous NO levels and to activate NO-related responses, but this strategy is often hindered by the relative instability of donors. Alternatively, nanoscience offers a new, promising way to enhance NO delivery to plants, as NO-releasing nanomaterials (e.g., S-nitrosothiol-containing chitosan nanoparticles) have many beneficial physicochemical and biochemical properties compared to non-encapsulated NO donors. Nano NO donors are effective in increasing tissue NO levels and enhancing NO effects both in animal and human systems. The authors believe, and would like to emphasize, that new trends and technologies are essential for advancing plant NO research and nanotechnology may represent a breakthrough in traditional agriculture and environmental science. Herein, we aim to draw the attention of the scientific community to the potential of NO-releasing nanomaterials in both basic and applied plant research as alternatives to conventional NO donors, providing a brief overview of the current knowledge and identifying future research directions. We also express our opinion about the challenges for the application of nano NO donors, such as the environmental footprint and stakeholder's acceptance of these materials.
AU  - Seabra, A.B.*
AU  - Silveira, N.M.*
AU  - Ribeiro, R.V.*
AU  - Pieretti, J.C.*
AU  - Barroso, J.B.*
AU  - Corpas, F.J.*
AU  - Palma, J.M.*
AU  - Hancock, J.T.*
AU  - Petřivalský, M.*
AU  - Kapuganti, J.G.*
AU  - Wendehenne, D.*
AU  - Loake, G.J.*
AU  - Durner, J.
AU  - Lindermayr, C.
AU  - Molnár, D.*
AU  - Kolbert, Z.*
AU  - Oliveira, H.C.*
C1  - 64654
C2  - 51920
SP  - 1119-1125
TI  - Nitric oxide-releasing nanomaterials: From basic research to potential biotechnological applications in agriculture.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 234
IS  - 4
PY  - 2022
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - ●Isoprene, a major biogenic volatile hydrocarbon of climate-relevance, indisputably mitigates abiotic stresses in emitting plants. However functional relevance of constitutive isoprene emission in unstressed plants remains contested. Isoprene and cytokinins (CKs) are synthesised from a common substrate and pathway in chloroplasts. It was postulated that isoprene emission may affect CK-metabolism. ●Using transgenic isoprene-emitting (IE) Arabidopsis and isoprene non-emitting (NE) RNAi grey poplars (paired with respective NE and IE genotypes), the life of individual IE and NE leaves from emergence to abscission was followed under stress-free conditions. We monitored plant growth rate, above-ground developmental phenotype, modelled leaf photosynthetic energy status, quantified the abundance of leaf CKs, analyzed Arabidopsis and poplar leaf transcriptomes by RNA-sequencing in presence and absence of isoprene during leaf senescence. ●Isoprene emission by unstressed leaves enhanced the abundance of CKs (isopentenyl adenine and its precursor) by >200%, significantly upregulated genes coding for CK-synthesis, CK-signaling and CK-degradation, hastened plant development, increased chloroplast metabolic rate, altered photosynthetic energy status, induced early leaf senescence in both Arabidopsis and poplar. IE leaves senesced sooner even in decapitated poplars where source-sink relationships and hormone homeostasis were perturbed. ●Constitutive isoprene emission significantly accelerates CK-led leaf and organismal development and induces early senescence independent of growth constraints. Isoprene emission provides an early-riser evolutionary advantage and shortens lifecycle duration to assist rapid diversification in unstressed emitters.
AU  - Srikanta Dani, K.G.*
AU  - Pollastri, S.*
AU  - Pinosio, S.*
AU  - Reichelt, M.*
AU  - Sharkey, T.D.*
AU  - Schnitzler, J.-P.
AU  - Loreto, F.*
C1  - 63432
C2  - 51431
CY  - 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
SP  - 961-974
TI  - Isoprene enhances leaf cytokinin metabolism and induces early senescence.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 234
IS  - 3
PB  - Wiley
PY  - 2022
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Climate change is increasing insect pressure and forcing plants to adapt. Although chemotypic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity in spatially separated tree populations are known for decades, understanding their importance in herbivory resistance across forests remains challenging. We studied four oak forest stands in Germany using non-target metabolomics, elemental analysis, and chemometrics and mapped the leaf metabolome of herbivore-resistant (T-) and herbivore-susceptible (S-) European oaks (Quercus robur) to Tortrix viridana, a oak pest that causes severe forest defoliation. Among the detected metabolites, we identified reliable metabolic biomarkers to distinguish S- and T-oak trees. Chemotypic differentiation resulted in metabolic shifts of primary and secondary leaf metabolism. Across forests, T-oaks allocate resources towards constitutive chemical defense enriched of polyphenolic compounds, e.g. the flavonoids kaempferol, kaempferol and quercetin glucosides, while S-oaks towards growth-promoting substances such as carbohydrates and amino-acid derivatives. This extensive work across natural forests shows that oaks' resistance and susceptibility to herbivory are linked to growth-defense trade-offs of leaf metabolism. The discovery of biomarkers and the developed predictive model pave the way to understand Quercus robur's susceptibility to herbivore attack and to support forest management, contributing to the preservation of oak forests in Europe.
AU  - Bertic, M.
AU  - Schroeder, H.*
AU  - Kersten, B.*
AU  - Fladung, M.*
AU  - Orgel, F.*
AU  - Buegger, F.
AU  - Schnitzler, J.-P.
AU  - Ghirardo, A.
C1  - 62517
C2  - 50900
CY  - 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
SP  - 818-834
TI  - European oak chemical diversity - from ecotypes to herbivore resistance.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 232
IS  - 2
PB  - Wiley
PY  - 2021
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Nutrient imbalances cause the deterioration of tree health in European 
      forests, but the underlying physiological mechanisms are unknown. Here, 
      we investigated the consequences of decreasing root carbohydrate 
      reserves for phosphorus (P) mobilization and uptake by forest trees. In 
      P-rich and P-poor beech (Fagus sylvatica) forests, naturally grown, 
      young trees were girdled and used to determine root, ectomycorrhizal and
       microbial activities related to P mobilization in the organic layer and
       mineral topsoil in comparison with those in non-girdled trees. After 
      girdling, root carbohydrate reserves decreased. Root phosphoenolpyruvate
       carboxylase activities linking carbon and P metabolism increased. Root 
      and ectomycorrhizal phosphatase activities and the abundances of 
      bacterial genes catalysing major steps in P turnover increased, but soil
       enzymes involved in P mobilization were unaffected. The physiological 
      responses to girdling were stronger in P-poor than in P-rich forests. P 
      uptake was decreased after girdling. The soluble and total P 
      concentrations in roots were stable, but fine root biomass declined 
      after girdling. Our results support that carbohydrate depletion results 
      in reduced P uptake, enhanced internal P remobilization and root biomass
       trade-off to compensate for the P shortage. Since reductions in root 
      biomass render trees more susceptible to drought, our results link tree 
      deterioration with disturbances in the P supply as a consequence of 
      decreased belowground carbohydrate allocation.
AU  - Clausing, S.*
AU  - Pena, R.*
AU  - Song, B.*
AU  - Müller, K.*
AU  - Mayer-Gruner, P.*
AU  - Marhan, S.*
AU  - Grafe, M.
AU  - Schulz, S.
AU  - Krüger, J.*
AU  - Lang, F.*
AU  - Schloter, M.
AU  - Kandeler, E.*
AU  - Polle, A.*
C1  - 60789
C2  - 49551
CY  - 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
SP  - 2611-2624
TI  - Carbohydrate depletion in roots impedes phosphorus nutrition in young forest trees.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 229
IS  - 5
PB  - Wiley
PY  - 2021
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Systemic immunity triggered by local plant-microbe interactions is studied as systemic acquired resistance (SAR) or induced systemic resistance (ISR) depending on the site of induction and the lifestyle of the inducing microorganism. SAR is induced by pathogens interacting with leaves, whereas ISR is induced by beneficial microbes interacting with roots. Although salicylic acid (SA) is a central component of SAR, additional signals exclusively promote systemic and not local immunity. These signals cooperate in SAR- and possibly also ISR-associated signaling networks that regulate systemic immunity. The non-SA SAR pathway is driven by pipecolic acid or its presumed bioactive derivative N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid. This pathway further regulates inter-plant defense propagation through volatile organic compounds that are emitted by SAR-induced plants and recognized as defense cues by neighboring plants. Both SAR and ISR influence phytohormone crosstalk towards enhanced defense against pathogens, which at the same time affects the composition of the plant microbiome. This potentially leads to further changes in plant defense, plant-microbe, and plant-plant interactions. Therefore, we propose that such inter-organismic interactions could be combined in potentially highly effective plant protection strategies.
AU  - Vlot, A.C.
AU  - Sales, J.
AU  - Lenk, M.
AU  - Bauer, K.
AU  - Brambilla, A.
AU  - Sommer, A.
AU  - Chen, Y.
AU  - Wenig, M.
AU  - Nayem, S.
C1  - 60374
C2  - 49299
CY  - 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
SP  - 1234-1250
TI  - Systemic propagation of immunity in plants.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 229
IS  - 3
PB  - Wiley
PY  - 2021
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Plant nutrient-acquisition strategies drive soil processes and vegetation performance, but their effect on the soil microbiome remains poorly understood. This knowledge is important to predict the shifts in microbial diversity and functions due to increasing changes in vegetation traits under global change. Here we documented the topsoil microbiomes of 145 boreal and temperate terrestrial sites in the Baltic region that broadly differed in vegetation type and nutritional traits, such as mycorrhizal types and symbiotic nitrogen-fixation. We found that sites dominated by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) vegetation harbor relatively more AM fungi, bacteria, fungal saprotrophs, and pathogens in the topsoil compared with sites dominated by ectomycorrhizal (EM) plants. These differences in microbiome composition reflect the rapid nutrient cycling and negative plant–soil feedback in AM soils. Lower fungal diversity and bacteria : fungi ratios in EM-dominated habitats are driven by monodominance of woody vegetation as well as soil acidification by EM fungi, which are associated with greater diversity and relative abundance of carbohydrate-active enzymes. Our study suggests that shifts in vegetation related to global change and land use may strongly alter the topsoil microbiome structure and function.
AU  - Bahram, M.*
AU  - Netherway, T.*
AU  - Hildebrand, F.*
AU  - Pritsch, K.
AU  - Drenkhan, R.*
AU  - Loit, K.*
AU  - Anslan, S.*
AU  - Bork, P.*
AU  - Tedersoo, L.*
C1  - 59033
C2  - 48489
CY  - 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
SP  - 1189-1199
TI  - Plant nutrient-acquisition strategies drive topsoil microbiome structure and function.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 227
IS  - 4
PB  - Wiley
PY  - 2020
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - All orchids rely on mycorrhizal fungi for organic carbon, at least during early development. In fact, orchid seed germination leads to the formation of a protocorm, a heterotrophic postembryonic structure colonized by intracellular fungal coils, thought to be the site of nutrient transfer. The molecular mechanisms underlying mycorrhizal interactions and metabolic changes induced by this symbiosis in both partners remain mostly unknown. We studied plant-fungus interactions in the mycorrhizal association between the Mediterranean orchidSerapias vomeraceaand the basidiomyceteTulasnella calosporausing nontargeted metabolomics. Plant and fungal metabolomes obtained from symbiotic structures were compared with those obtained under asymbiotic conditions. Symbiosis induced substantial metabolomic alterations in both partners. In particular, structural and signaling lipid compounds increased markedly in the external fungal mycelium growing near the symbiotic protocorms, whereas chito-oligosaccharides were identified uniquely in symbiotic protocorms. This work represents the first description of metabolic changes occurring in orchid mycorrhiza. These results - combined with previous transcriptomic data - provide novel insights on the mechanisms underlying the orchid mycorrhizal association and open intriguing questions on the role of fungal lipids in this symbiosis.
AU  - Ghirardo, A.
AU  - Fochi, V.*
AU  - Lange, B.
AU  - Witting, M.
AU  - Schnitzler, J.-P.
AU  - Perotto, S.*
AU  - Balestrini, R.*
C1  - 59925
C2  - 49124
CY  - 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
SP  - 1939-1952
TI  - Metabolomic adjustments in the orchid mycorrhizal fungus Tulasnella calospora during symbiosis with Serapias vomeracea.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 228
IS  - 6
PB  - Wiley
PY  - 2020
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play vital roles in the interaction of fungi with plants and other organisms. A systematic study of the global fungal VOC profiles is still lacking, though it is a prerequisite for elucidating the mechanisms of VOC-mediated interactions. Here we present a versatile system enabling a high-throughput screening of fungal VOCs under controlled temperature. In a proof-of-principle experiment, we characterized the volatile metabolic fingerprints of four Trichoderma spp. over a 48 h growth period. The developed platform allows automated and fast detection of VOCs from up to 14 simultaneously growing fungal cultures in real time. The comprehensive analysis of fungal odors is achieved by employing proton transfer reaction-time of flight-MS and GC-MS. The data-mining strategy based on multivariate data analysis and machine learning allows the volatile metabolic fingerprints to be uncovered. Our data revealed dynamic, development-dependent and extremely species-specific VOC profiles from the biocontrol genus Trichoderma. The two mass spectrometric approaches were highly complementary to each other, together revealing a novel, dynamic view to the fungal VOC release. This analytical system could be used for VOC-based chemotyping of diverse small organisms, or more generally, for any in vivo and in vitro real-time headspace analysis.
AU  - Guo, Y.
AU  - Jud, W.
AU  - Ghirardo, A.
AU  - Antritter, F.
AU  - Benz, J.P.*
AU  - Schnitzler, J.-P.
AU  - Rosenkranz, M.
C1  - 59047
C2  - 48494
CY  - 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
SP  - 244-259
TI  - Sniffing fungi – phenotyping of volatile chemical diversity in Trichoderma species.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 227
IS  - 1
PB  - Wiley
PY  - 2020
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Nitric oxide (NO) emerged as a key signal molecule in plants. During the last two decades impressive progress has been made in plant NO research. This small, redox-active molecule is now known to play an important role in plant immunity, stress responses, environmental interactions, plant growth and development. To more accurately and robustly establish the full spectrum of NO bioactivity in plants, it will be essential to apply methodological best practice. In addition, there are some instances of conflicting nomenclature within the field, which would benefit from standardization. In this context, we attempt to provide some helpful guidance for best practice associated with NO research and also suggestions for the cognate terminology.
AU  - Gupta, K.J.*
AU  - Hancock, J.T.*
AU  - Petrivalsky, M.*
AU  - Kolbert, Z.*
AU  - Lindermayr, C.
AU  - Durner, J.
AU  - Barroso, J.B.*
AU  - Palma, J.M.*
AU  - Brouquisse, R.*
AU  - Wendehenne, D.*
AU  - Corpas, F.J.*
AU  - Loake, G.J.*
C1  - 57283
C2  - 47692
CY  - 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
SP  - 1828-1834
TI  - Recommendations on terminology and experimental best practice associated with plant nitric oxide research.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 225
IS  - 5
PB  - Wiley
PY  - 2020
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Nitric oxide (NO) is perfectly suited for the role of a redox signalling molecule. A key route for NO bioactivity occurs via protein S-nitrosation, and involves the addition of a NO moiety to a protein cysteine (Cys) thiol (-SH) to form an S-nitrosothiol (SNO). This process is thought to underpin a myriad of cellular processes in plants that are linked to development, environmental responses and immune function. Here we collate emerging evidence showing that NO bioactivity regulates a growing number of diverse post-translational modifications including SUMOylation, phosphorylation, persulfidation and acetylation. We provide examples of how NO orchestrates these processes to mediate plant adaptation to a variety of cellular cues.
AU  - Gupta, K.J.*
AU  - Kolbert, Z.*
AU  - Durner, J.
AU  - Lindermayr, C.
AU  - Corpas, F.J.*
AU  - Brouquisse, R.*
AU  - Barroso, J.B.*
AU  - Umbreen, S.*
AU  - Palma, J.M.*
AU  - Hancock, J.T.*
AU  - Petrivalsky, M.*
AU  - Wendehenne, D.*
AU  - Loake, G.J.*
C1  - 59265
C2  - 48695
CY  - 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
SP  - 1319-1325
TI  - Regulating the regulator: Nitric oxide control of post-translational modifications.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 227
IS  - 5
PB  - Wiley
PY  - 2020
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - We studied acclimation of leaf gas exchange to differing seasonal climate and soil water availability in slow-growing date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) seedlings. We used an extended Arrhenius equation to describe instantaneous temperature responses of leaf net photosynthesis (A) and stomatal conductance (G), and derived physiological parameters suitable for characterization of acclimation (T-opt, A(opt) and T-equ). Optimum temperature of A (T-opt) ranged between 20-33 degrees C in winter and 28-45 degrees C in summer. Growth temperature (T-growth) explained c. 50% of the variation in T-opt, which additionally depended on leaf water status at the time of measurement. During water stress, light-saturated rates of A at T-opt (i.e. A(opt)) were reduced to 30-80% of control levels, albeit not limited by CO2 supply per se. Equilibrium temperature (T-equ), around which A/G and substomatal [CO2] are constant, remained tightly coupled with T-opt. Our results suggest that acclimatory shifts in T-opt and A(opt) reflect a balance between maximization of photosynthesis and minimization of the risk of metabolic perturbations caused by imbalances in cellular [CO2]. This novel perspective on acclimation of leaf gas exchange is compatible with optimization theory, and might help to elucidate other acclimation and growth strategies in species adapted to differing climates.
AU  - Kruse, J.*
AU  - Adams, M.*
AU  - Winkler, J.B.
AU  - Ghirardo, A.
AU  - Alfarraj, S.*
AU  - Kreuzwieser, J.*
AU  - Hedrich, R.*
AU  - Schnitzler, J.-P.
AU  - Rennenberg, H.*
C1  - 56079
C2  - 46802
CY  - 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
SP  - 1973-1988
TI  - Optimization of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in the date palm Phoenix dactylifera during acclimation to heat and drought.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 223
IS  - 4
PB  - Wiley
PY  - 2019
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Droughts cause severe crop losses worldwide and climate change is projected to increase their prevalence in the future. Similar to the situation for many crops, the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Ath) is considered drought-sensitive, whereas, as we demonstrate, its close relatives Arabidopsis lyrata (Aly) and Eutrema salsugineum (Esa) are drought-resistant. To understand the molecular basis for this plasticity we conducted a deep phenotypic, biochemical and transcriptomic comparison using developmentally matched plants. We demonstrate that Aly responds most sensitively to decreasing water availability with early growth reduction, metabolic adaptations and signaling network rewiring. By contrast, Esa is in a constantly prepared mode as evidenced by high basal proline levels, ABA signaling transcripts and late growth responses. The stress-sensitive Ath responds later than Aly and earlier than Esa, although its responses tend to be more extreme. All species detect water scarcity with similar sensitivity; response differences are encoded in downstream signaling and response networks. Moreover, several signaling genes expressed at higher basal levels in both Aly and Esa have been shown to increase water-use efficiency and drought resistance when overexpressed in Ath. Our data demonstrate contrasting strategies of closely related Brassicaceae to achieve drought resistance.
AU  - Marin De La Rosa, N.A.
AU  - Lin, C.-W.
AU  - Kang, Y.J.
AU  - Dhondt, S.*
AU  - Gonzalez, N.*
AU  - Inzé, D.
AU  - Falter-Braun, P.
C1  - 55820
C2  - 46609
CY  - 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
SP  - 783-797
TI  - Drought resistance is mediated by divergent strategies in closely related Brassicaceae.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 223
IS  - 2
PB  - Wiley
PY  - 2019
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Rapid long-distance signalling is an emerging topic in plant research, and is particularly associated with responses to biotic and abiotic stress. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) to pathogen attack is dependent on nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). By comparison, systemic wound responses (SWRs) and systemic acquired acclimation (SAA) to abiotic stress encounters are triggered by rapid waves of H2O2, calcium and electrical signalling. Efforts have been made to decipher the relationship between redox messengers, calcium and other known systemic defence signals. Less is known about possible routes of signal transduction throughout the entire plant. Previously, the phloem has been suggested to be a transport conduit for mobile signals inducing SAR, SWR and SAA. This review highlights the role of the phloem in systemic redox signalling by NO and ROS. A not yet identified calcium-dependent NO source and S-nitrosoglutathione reductase are candidate regulators of NO homeostasis in the phloem, whereas ROS concentrations are controlled by NADPH oxidases and the H2O2-scavenging enzyme ascorbate peroxidase. Possible amplification mechanisms in phloem-mediated systemic redox signalling are discussed.
AU  - Gaupels, F.
AU  - Durner, J.
AU  - Kogel, K.H.*
C1  - 50249
C2  - 42399
CY  - Hoboken
SP  - 554-560
TI  - Production, amplification and systemic propagation of redox messengers in plants? The phloem can do it all!
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 214
IS  - 2
PB  - Wiley
PY  - 2017
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Date palm Phoenix dactylifera is a desert crop well adapted to survive and produce fruits under extreme drought and heat. How are palms under such harsh environmental conditions able to limit transpirational water loss? Here, we analysed the cuticular waxes, stomata structure and function, and molecular biology of guard cells from P. dactylifera. To understand the stomatal response to the water stress phytohormone of the desert plant, we cloned the major elements necessary for guard cell fast abscisic acid (ABA) signalling and reconstituted this ABA signalosome in Xenopus oocytes. The PhoenixSLAC1-type anion channel is regulated by ABA kinase PdOST1. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) demonstrated that date palm guard cells release chloride during stomatal closure. However, in Cl(-) medium, PdOST1 did not activate the desert plant anion channel PdSLAC1 per se. Only when nitrate was present at the extracellular face of the anion channel did the OST1-gated PdSLAC1 open, thus enabling chloride release. In the presence of nitrate, ABA enhanced and accelerated stomatal closure. Our findings indicate that, in date palm, the guard cell osmotic motor driving stomatal closure uses nitrate as the signal to open the major anion channel SLAC1. This initiates guard cell depolarization and the release of anions together with potassium.
AU  - Müller, H.M.*
AU  - Schäfer, N.*
AU  - Bauer, H.*
AU  - Geiger, D.*
AU  - Lautner, S.*
AU  - Fromm, J.*
AU  - Riederer, M.*
AU  - Bueno, A.*
AU  - Nussbaumer, T.
AU  - Mayer, K.F.X.
AU  - Alquraishi, S.A.*
AU  - Alfarhan, A.H.*
AU  - Neher, E.*
AU  - Al-Rasheid, K.A.S.*
AU  - Ache, P.*
AU  - Hedrich, R.*
C1  - 51466
C2  - 43254
CY  - Hoboken
SP  - 150-162
TI  - The desert plant Phoenix dactylifera closes stomata via nitrate-regulated SLAC1 anion channel.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 216
IS  - 1
PB  - Wiley
PY  - 2017
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - B chromosomes (Bs) are supernumerary, dispensable parts of the nuclear genome, which appear in many different species of eukaryote. So far, Bs have been considered to be genetically inert elements without any functional genes. Our comparative transcriptome analysis and the detection of active RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) in the proximity of B chromatin demonstrate that the Bs of rye (Secale cereale) contribute to the transcriptome. In total, 1954 and 1218 B-derived transcripts with an open reading frame were expressed in generative and vegetative tissues, respectively. In addition to B-derived transposable element transcripts, a high percentage of short transcripts without detectable similarity to known proteins and gene fragments from A chromosomes (As) were found, suggesting an ongoing gene erosion process. In vitro analysis of the A- and B-encoded AGO4B protein variants demonstrated that both possess RNA slicer activity. These data demonstrate unambiguously the presence of a functional AGO4B gene on Bs and that these Bs carry both functional protein coding genes and pseudogene copies. Thus, B-encoded genes may provide an additional level of gene control and complexity in combination with their related A-located genes. Hence, physiological effects, associated with the presence of Bs, may partly be explained by the activity of B-located (pseudo)genes.
AU  - Ma, W.*
AU  - Gabriel, T.S.*
AU  - Martis, M.M.
AU  - Gursinsky, T.*
AU  - Schubert, V.*
AU  - Vrana, J.*
AU  - Dolezel, J.*
AU  - Grundlach, H.
AU  - Altschmied, L.*
AU  - Scholz, U.*
AU  - Himmelbach, A.*
AU  - Behrens, S.E.*
AU  - Banaei-Moghaddam, A.M.*
AU  - Houben, A.*
C1  - 49182
C2  - 41707
CY  - Hoboken
SP  - 916-928
TI  - Rye B chromosomes encode a functional Argonaute-like protein with in vitro slicer activities similar to its a chromosome paralog.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 213
IS  - 2
PB  - Wiley-blackwell
PY  - 2016
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Carnivorous Dionaea muscipula operates active snap traps for nutrient acquisition from prey; so what is the role of D. muscipula's reduced root system? We studied the capacity for nitrogen (N) acquisition via traps, and its effect on plant allometry; the capacity of roots to absorb NO3 (-) , NH4 (+) and glutamine from the soil solution; and the fate and interaction of foliar- and root-acquired N. Feeding D. muscipula snap traps with insects had little effect on the root : shoot ratio, but promoted petiole relative to trap growth. Large amounts of NH4 (+) and glutamine were absorbed upon root feeding. The high capacity for root N uptake was maintained upon feeding traps with glutamine. High root acquisition of NH4 (+) was mediated by 2.5-fold higher expression of the NH4 (+) transporter DmAMT1 in the roots compared with the traps. Electrophysiological studies confirmed a high constitutive capacity for NH4 (+) uptake by roots. Glutamine feeding of traps inhibited the influx of (15) N from root-absorbed (15) N/(13) C-glutamine into these traps, but not that of (13) C. Apparently, fed traps turned into carbon sinks that even acquired organic carbon from roots. N acquisition at the whole-plant level is fundamentally different in D. muscipula compared with noncarnivorous species, where foliar N influx down-regulates N uptake by roots.
AU  - Gao, P.*
AU  - Loeffler, T.S.*
AU  - Honsel, A.*
AU  - Kruse, J.*
AU  - Krol, E.*
AU  - Scherzer, S.*
AU  - Kreuzer, I.*
AU  - Bemm, F.*
AU  - Buegger, F.
AU  - Burzlaff, T.*
AU  - Hedrich, R.*
AU  - Rennenberg, H.*
C1  - 32655
C2  - 35197
CY  - Hoboken
SP  - 1320-1329
TI  - Integration of trap- and root-derived nitrogen nutrition of carnivorous Dionaea muscipula.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 205
IS  - 3
PB  - Wiley-blackwell
PY  - 2015
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous signaling molecule involved in a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological processes in animals and plants. Although its significant influence on plant immunity is well known, information about the exact regulatory mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the defense response to pathogens is still limited. We used genetic, biochemical, pharmacological approaches in combination with infection experiments to investigate the NO-triggered salicylic acid (SA)-dependent defense response in Arabidopsis thaliana. The NO donor S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) promoted the nuclear accumulation of NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1) protein accompanied by an elevated SA concentration and the activation of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, leading to induced resistance of A. thaliana against Pseudomonas infection. Moreover, NO induced a rapid change in the glutathione status, resulting in increased concentrations of glutathione, which is required for SA accumulation and activation of the NPR1-dependent defense response. Our data imply crosstalk between NO and glutathione, which is integral to the NPR1-dependent defense signaling pathway, and further demonstrate that glutathione is not only an important cellular redox buffer but also a signaling molecule in the plant defense response.
AU  - Kovacs, I.
AU  - Durner, J.
AU  - Lindermayr, C.
C1  - 45384
C2  - 37340
SP  - 860-872
TI  - Crosstalk between nitric oxide and glutathione is required for NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1)-dependent defense signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 208
IS  - 3
PY  - 2015
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sandve, S.R.*
AU  - Marcussen, T.*
AU  - Mayer, K.F.X.
AU  - Jakobsen, K.S.*
AU  - Heier, L.*
AU  - Steuernagel, B.*
AU  - Wulff, B.B.*
AU  - Olsen, O.A.*
C1  - 44917
C2  - 37118
CY  - Hoboken
SP  - 9–10
TI  - Chloroplast phylogeny of Triticum/Aegilops species is not incongruent with an ancient homoploid hybrid origin of the ancestor of the bread wheat D-genome.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 208
IS  - 1
PB  - Wiley-blackwell
PY  - 2015
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Summary: The smut Ustilago maydis, a ubiquitous pest of corn, is highly adapted to its host to parasitize on its organic carbon sources. We have identified a hexose transporter, Hxt1, as important for fungal development during both the saprophytic and the pathogenic stage of the fungus. Hxt1 was characterized as a high-affinity transporter for glucose, fructose, and mannose; {increment}hxt1 strains show significantly reduced growth on these substrates, setting Hxt1 as the main hexose transporter during saprophytic growth. After plant infection, {increment}hxt1 strains show decreased symptom development. However, expression of a Hxt1 protein with a mutation leading to constitutively active signaling in the yeast glucose sensors Snf3p and Rgt2p results in completely apathogenic strains. Fungal development is stalled immediately after plant penetration, implying a dual function of Hxt1 as transporter and sensor. As glucose sensors are only known for yeasts, 'transceptor' as Hxt1 may constitute a general mechanism for sensing of glucose in fungi. In U. maydis, Hxt1 links a nutrient-dependent environmental signal to the developmental program during pathogenic development.
AU  - Schuler, D.*
AU  - Wahl, R.*
AU  - Wippel, K.*
AU  - Vranes, M.*
AU  - Münsterkötter, M.
AU  - Sauer, N.*
AU  - Kämper, J.T.*
C1  - 43454
C2  - 36629
CY  - Hoboken
SP  - 1086-1100
TI  - Hxt1, a monosaccharide transporter and sensor required for virulence of the maize pathogen Ustilago maydis.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 206
IS  - 3
PB  - Wiley-blackwell
PY  - 2015
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Bacteria communicate with each other in a population density-dependent process known as quorum sensing. N-acyl-homoserine lactones (HSLs) are the autoinducers of Gram-negative bacteria and the best-studied quorum sensing signals so far. HSLs induce various responses in plants, including systemic resistance and root development. Here, we used different methods, including tritium labelling, sensor strain assays and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), to analyse the uptake and translocation of C8- and C10- homoserine lactones into barley (Hordeum vulgare cv Barke). Both HSLs were already systemically transported into the shoot at 2 h after application. HSL uptake could be inhibited by orthovanadate, demonstrating that ABC transporters are involved in the uptake. Root transport occurs predominantly via the central cylinder, which was shown by transport inhibition via KCl application and autoradiography of root cross-sections. Furthermore, a newly established detection method with mAbs allowed the first detection of a systemic transport of long-chain HSLs in plants. The coupled use of different HSL detection methods demonstrated that the uptake and transport of HSLs into barley does not occur passively, but relies, at least partially, on active processes in the plant.
AU  - Sieper, T.
AU  - Forczek, S.*
AU  - Matucha, M.*
AU  - Krämer, P.
AU  - Hartmann, A.
AU  - Schröder, P.
C1  - 27923
C2  - 32860
SP  - 545-555
TI  - N-acyl-homoserine lactone uptake and systemic transport in barley rest upon active parts of the plant.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 201
IS  - 2
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
PY  - 2014
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Polar auxin transport (PAT) plays key roles in the regulation of plant growth and development. Flavonoids have been implicated in the inhibition of PAT. However, the active flavonoid derivative(s) involved in this process in vivo has not yet been identified. Here, we provide evidence that a specific flavonol bis-glycoside is correlated with shorter plant stature and reduced PAT. Specific flavonoid-biosynthetic or flavonoid-glycosylating steps were genetically blocked in Arabidopsis thaliana. The differential flavonol patterns established were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and related to altered plant stature. PAT was monitored in stem segments using a radioactive [3H]-indole-3-acetic acid tracer. The flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase mutant ugt78d2 exhibited a dwarf stature in addition to its altered flavonol glycoside pattern. This was accompanied by reduced PAT in ugt78d2 shoots. The ugt78d2-dependent growth defects were flavonoid dependent, as they were rescued by genetic blocking of flavonoid biosynthesis. Phenotypic and metabolic analyses of a series of mutants defective at various steps of flavonoid formation narrowed down the potentially active moiety to kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside. Moreover, the level of this compound was negatively correlated with basipetal auxin transport. These results indicate that kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside acts as an endogenous PAT inhibitor in Arabidopsis shoots.
AU  - Yin, R.
AU  - Han, K.
AU  - Heller, W.
AU  - Albert, A.
AU  - Dobrev, P.I.*
AU  - Zazimalova, E.*
AU  - Schäffner, A.
C1  - 28150
C2  - 32967
SP  - 466-475
TI  - Kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside is an endogenous flavonol inhibitor of polar auxin transport in Arabidopsis shoots.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 201
IS  - 2
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
PY  - 2014
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Adaptation to temperate environments is common in the grass subfamily Pooideae, suggesting an ancestral origin of cold climate adaptation. Here, we investigated substitution rates of genes involved in low-temperature-induced (LTI) stress responses to test the hypothesis that adaptive molecular evolution of LTI pathway genes was important for Pooideae evolution. Substitution rates and signatures of positive selection were analyzed using 4330 gene trees including three warm climate-adapted species (maize (Zea mays), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and rice (Oryza sativa)) and five temperate Pooideae species (Brachypodium distachyon, wheat (Triticum aestivum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), Lolium perenne and Festuca pratensis). Nonsynonymous substitution rate differences between Pooideae and warm habitat-adapted species were elevated in LTI trees compared with all trees. Furthermore, signatures of positive selection were significantly stronger in LTI trees after the rice and Pooideae split but before the Brachypodium divergence (P < 0.05). Genome-wide heterogeneity in substitution rates was also observed, reflecting divergent genome evolution processes within these grasses. Our results provide evidence for a link between adaptation to cold habitats and adaptive evolution of LTI stress responses in early Pooideae evolution and shed light on a poorly understood chapter in the evolutionary history of some of the world's most important temperate crops.
AU  - Vigeland, M.D.*
AU  - Spannagl, M.
AU  - Asp, T.*
AU  - Paina, C.*
AU  - Rudi, H.*
AU  - Rognli, O.A.*
AU  - Fjellheim, S.*
AU  - Sandve, S.R.*
C1  - 25168
C2  - 31840
SP  - 1060-1068
TI  - Evidence for adaptive evolution of low-temperature stress response genes in a Pooideae grass ancestor.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 199
IS  - 4
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
PY  - 2013
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Isoprene, a volatile organic compound produced by some plant species, enhances abiotic stress tolerance under current atmospheric CO2 concentrations, but its biosynthesis is negatively correlated with CO2 concentrations. We hypothesized that losing the capacity to produce isoprene would require stronger up-regulation of other stress tolerance mechanisms at low CO2 than at higher CO2 concentrations. We compared metabolite profiles and physiological performance in poplars (Populus × canescens) with either wild-type or RNAi-suppressed isoprene emission capacity grown at pre-industrial low, current atmospheric, and future high CO2 concentrations (190, 390 and 590 ppm CO2 , respectively). Suppression of isoprene biosynthesis led to significant rearrangement of the leaf metabolome, increasing stress tolerance responses such as xanthophyll cycle pigment de-epoxidation and antioxidant levels, as well as altering lipid, carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Metabolic and physiological differences between isoprene-emitting and suppressed lines diminished as growth CO2 concentrations rose. The CO2 dependence of our results indicates that the effects of isoprene biosynthesis are strongest at pre-industrial CO2 concentrations. Rising CO2 may reduce the beneficial effects of biogenic isoprene emission, with implications for species competition. This has potential consequences for future climate warming, as isoprene emitted from vegetation has strong effects on global atmospheric chemistry.
AU  - Way, D.A.*
AU  - Ghirardo, A.
AU  - Kanawati, B.
AU  - Esperschütz, J.
AU  - Monson, R.K.*
AU  - Jackson, R.B.*
AU  - Schmitt-Kopplin, P.
AU  - Schnitzler, J.-P.
C1  - 25582
C2  - 31878
SP  - 534-546
TI  - Increasing atmospheric CO2 reduces metabolic and physiological differences between isoprene- and non-isoprene-emitting poplars.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 200
IS  - 2
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
PY  - 2013
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Depending on the atmospheric composition, isoprene emissions from plants can have a severe impact on air quality and regional climate. For the plant itself, isoprene can enhance stress tolerance and also interfere with the attraction of herbivores and parasitoids. • Here, we tested the growth performance and fitness of Populus × canescens in which isoprene emission had been knocked down by RNA interference technology (PcISPS-RNAi plants) for two growing seasons under outdoor conditions. • Neither the growth nor biomass yield of the PcISPS-RNAi poplars was impaired, and they were even temporarily enhanced compared with control poplars. Modelling of the annual carbon balances revealed a reduced carbon loss of 2.2% of the total gross primary production by the absence of isoprene emission, and a 6.9% enhanced net growth of PcISPS-RNAi poplars. However, the knock down in isoprene emission resulted in reduced susceptibility to fungal infection, whereas the attractiveness for herbivores was enhanced. • The present study promises potential for the use of non- or low-isoprene-emitting poplars for more sustainable and environmentally friendly biomass production, as reducing isoprene emission will presumably have positive effects on regional climate and air quality.
AU  - Behnke, K.
AU  - Grote, R.*
AU  - Brüggemann, N.*
AU  - Zimmer, I.
AU  - Zhou, G.*
AU  - Elobeid, M.*
AU  - Janz, D.*
AU  - Polle, A.*
AU  - Schnitzler, J.-P.
C1  - 7260
C2  - 29620
SP  - 70-82
TI  - Isoprene emission-free poplars - a chance to reduce the impact from poplar plantations on the atmosphere.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 194
IS  - 1
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
PY  - 2012
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Salinity causes osmotic stress and limits biomass production of plants. The goal of this study was to investigate mechanisms underlying hydraulic adaptation to salinity. • Anatomical, ecophysiological and transcriptional responses to salinity were investigated in the xylem of a salt-sensitive (Populus × canescens) and a salt-tolerant species (Populus euphratica). • Moderate salt stress, which suppressed but did not abolish photosynthesis and radial growth in P. × canescens, resulted in hydraulic adaptation by increased vessel frequencies and decreased vessel lumina. Transcript abundances of a suite of genes (FLA, COB-like, BAM, XET, etc.) previously shown to be activated during tension wood formation, were collectively suppressed in developing xylem, whereas those for stress and defense-related genes increased. A subset of cell wall-related genes was also suppressed in salt-exposed P. euphratica, although this species largely excluded sodium and showed no anatomical alterations. Salt exposure influenced cell wall composition involving increases in the lignin : carbohydrate ratio in both species. • In conclusion, hydraulic stress adaptation involves cell wall modifications reciprocal to tension wood formation that result in the formation of a novel type of reaction wood in upright stems named 'pressure wood'. Our data suggest that transcriptional co-regulation of a core set of genes determines reaction wood composition.
AU  - Janz, D.*
AU  - Lautner, S.*
AU  - Wildhagen, H.*
AU  - Behnke, K.
AU  - Schnitzler, J.-P.
AU  - Rennenberg, H.*
AU  - Fromm, J.*
AU  - Polle, A.*
C1  - 7259
C2  - 29619
SP  - 129-141
TI  - Salt stress induces the formation of a novel type of 'pressure wood' in two Populus species.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 194
IS  - 1
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
PY  - 2012
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Increasing atmospheric concentrations of phytotoxic ozone (O3) can constrain growth and carbon sink strength of forest trees, potentially exacerbating global radiative forcing. Despite progress in the conceptual understanding of the impact of O3 on plants, it is still difficult to detect response patterns at the leaf level. Here, we employed principal component analysis (PCA) to analyse a database containing physiological leaf-level parameters of 60-yr-old Fagus sylvatica (European beech) trees. Data were collected over two climatically contrasting years under ambient and twice-ambient O3 regimes in a free-air forest environment. The first principal component (PC1) of the PCA was consistently responsive to O3 and crown position within the trees over both years. Only a few of the original parameters showed an O3 effect. PC1 was related to parameters indicative of oxidative stress signalling and changes in carbohydrate metabolism. PC1 correlated with cumulative O3 uptake over preceding days. PC1 represents an O3-responsive multivariate pattern detectable in the absence of consistently measurable O3 effects on individual leaf-level parameters. An underlying effect of O3 on physiological processes is indicated, providing experimental confirmation of theoretical O3 response patterns suggested previously.
AU  - Löw, M.*
AU  - Deckmyn, G.*
AU  - Op de Beeck, M.*
AU  - Blumenröther, M.C.*
AU  - Oßwald, W.*
AU  - Alexou, M.*
AU  - Jehnes, S.*
AU  - Haberer, K.*
AU  - Rennenberg, H.*
AU  - Herbinger, K.*
AU  - Häberle, K.-H.*
AU  - Bahnweg, G.
AU  - Hanke, D.*
AU  - Wieser, G.*
AU  - Ceulemans, R.*
AU  - Matyssek, R.*
AU  - Tausz, M.*
C1  - 10617
C2  - 30320
SP  - 162-172
TI  - Multivariate analysis of physiological parameters reveals a consistent O3 response pattern in leaves of adult European beech (Fagus sylvatica).
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 196
IS  - 1
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
PY  - 2012
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Contents Summary 541 I. Introduction 542 II. The biochemical control over isoprene emission rate 542 III. General forms of the models used to predict the leaf isoprene emission rate 543 IV. Modeling the short-term responses to photon flux density 545 V. Resolving problems with the current Guenther algorithm covering the PPFD-dependence of Ei 546 VI. The temperature dependence of isoprene emission rate 547 VII. Clarifying issues with the current Guenther algorithm covering the temperature-dependence of Ei 549 VIII. The CO2 dependence of the isoprene emission rate 549 IX. Modeling the relation between isoprene emission and leaf conductance 551 X. Modeling the longer-term processes that control isoprene emission rate 552 XI. Conclusions 556 References 556 Summary The leaves of many plants emit isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) to the atmosphere, a process which has important ramifications for global and regional atmospheric chemistry. Quantitation of leaf isoprene emission and its response to environmental variation are described by empirically derived equations that replicate observed patterns, but have been linked only in some cases to known biochemical and physiological processes. Furthermore, models have been proposed from several independent laboratories, providing multiple approaches for prediction of emissions, but with little detail provided as to how contrasting models are related. In this review we provide an analysis as to how the most commonly used models have been validated, or not, on the basis of known biochemical and physiological processes. We also discuss the multiple approaches that have been used for modeling isoprene emission rate with an emphasis on identifying commonalities and contrasts among models, we correct some mathematical errors that have been propagated through the models, and we note previously unrecognized covariances within processes of the models. We come to the conclusion that the state of isoprene emission modeling remains highly empirical. Where possible, we identify gaps in our knowledge that have prevented us from achieving a greater mechanistic foundation for the models, and we discuss the insight and data that must be gained to fill those gaps.
AU  - Monson, R.K.*
AU  - Grote, R.*
AU  - Niinemets, U.*
AU  - Schnitzler, J.-P.
C1  - 8230
C2  - 30038
SP  - 541-559
TI  - Modeling the isoprene emission rate from leaves.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 195
IS  - 3
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
PY  - 2012
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi obtain both mineral and simple organic nutrients from soil and transport these to plant roots. Natural abundance of stable isotopes (15N and 13C) in fruit bodies and potential enzymatic activities of ECM root tips provide insights into mineral nutrition of these mutualistic partners. By combining rDNA sequence analysis with enzymatic and stable isotope assays of root tips, we hypothesized that phylogenetic affinities of ECM fungi are more important than ECM exploration type, soil horizon and host plant in explaining the differences in mineral nutrition of trees in an African lowland rainforest. Ectomycorrhizal fungal species belonging to extraradical mycelium-rich morphotypes generally displayed the strongest potential activities of degradation enzymes, except for laccase. The signature of 15N was determined by the ECM fungal lineage, but not by the exploration type. Potential enzymatic activities of root tips were unrelated to 15N signature of ECM root tip. The lack of correlation suggests that these methods address different aspects in plant nutrient uptake. Stable isotope analysis of root tips could provide an additional indirect assessment of fungal and plant nutrition that enables enhancement of taxonomic coverage and control for soil depth and internal nitrogen cycling in fungal tissues.
AU  - Tedersoo, L.*
AU  - Naadel, T.*
AU  - Bahram, M.*
AU  - Pritsch, K.
AU  - Buegger, F.
AU  - Leal, M.*
AU  - Koljalg, U.*
AU  - Poldmaa, K.*
C1  - 8426
C2  - 30421
SP  - 832-843
TI  - Enzymatic activities and stable isotope patterns of ectomycorrhizal fungi in relation to phylogeny and exploration types in an afrotropical rain forest.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 195
IS  - 4
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
PY  - 2012
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - * A (13)CO(2) (99 atom-%, 350 ppm) incubation experiment was performed to identify active bacterial endophytes in two cultivars of Solanum tuberosum, cultivars Desirée and Merkur. We showed that after the assimilation and photosynthetic transformation of (13)CO(2) into (13)C-labeled metabolites by the plant, the most directly active, cultivar-specific heterotrophic endophytic bacteria that consume these labeled metabolites can be identified by DNA stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP). * Density-resolved DNA fractions obtained from SIP were subjected to 16S rRNA gene-based community analysis using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and sequencing of generated gene libraries. * Community profiling revealed community compositions that were dominated by plant chloroplast and mitochondrial 16S rRNA genes for the 'light' fractions of (13)CO(2)-incubated potato cultivars and of potato cultivars not incubated with (13)CO(2). In the 'heavy' fractions of the (13)CO(2)-incubated endophyte DNA, a bacterial 492-bp terminal restriction fragment became abundant, which could be clearly identified as Acinetobacter and Acidovorax spp. in cultivars Merkur and Desirée, respectively, indicating cultivar-dependent distinctions in (13)C-label flow. These two species represent two common potato endophytes with known plant-beneficial activities. * The approach demonstrated the successful detection of active bacterial endophytes in potato. DNA-SIP therefore offers new opportunities for exploring the complex nature of plant-microbe interactions and plant-dependent microbial metabolisms within the endosphere.
AU  - Rasche, F.*
AU  - Lüders, T.
AU  - Schloter, M.
AU  - Schaefer, S.
AU  - Buegger, F.
AU  - Gattinger, A.
AU  - Hood-Nowotny, R.C.*
AU  - Sessitsch, A.*
C1  - 1318
C2  - 26069
SP  - 802-807
TI  - DNA-based stable isotope probing enables the identification of active bacterial endophytes in potatoes.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 181
IS  - 4
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
PY  - 2009
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Recent studies have highlighted a direct, fast transfer of recently assimilated C from the tree canopy to the soil. However, the effect of environmental changes on this flux remains largely unknown. * We investigated the effects of drought on the translocation of recently assimilated C, by pulse-labelling 1.5-yr-old beech tree mesocosms with (13)CO(2). (13)C signatures were then measured daily for 1 wk in leaves, twigs, coarse and fine root water-soluble and total organic matter, phloem organic matter, soil microbial biomass and soil CO(2) efflux. * Drought reduced C assimilation and doubled the residence time of recently assimilated C in leaf biomass. In phloem organic matter, the (13)C label peaked immediately after labelling then decayed exponentially in the control treatment, while under drought it peaked 4 d after labelling. In soil microbial biomass, the label peaked 1 d after labelling in the control treatment, whereas under drought no peak was measured. Two days after labelling, drought decreased the contribution of recently assimilated C to soil CO(2) efflux by 33%. * Our study showed that drought reduced the coupling between canopy photosynthesis and belowground processes. This will probably affect soil biogeochemical cycling, with potential consequences including slower soil nitrogen cycling and changes in C-sequestration potential under future climate conditions.
AU  - Rühr, N.K.*
AU  - Offermann, C.A.*
AU  - Gessler, A.*
AU  - Winkler, J.B.
AU  - Ferrio, J.P.*
AU  - Buchmann, N.*
AU  - Barnard, R.L.*
C1  - 462
C2  - 26577
CY  - Malden
SP  - 950-961
TI  - Drought effects on allocation of recent carbon: From beech leaves to soil CO₂ efflux.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 184
IS  - 4
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
PY  - 2009
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Ongoing global warming will increase the frequency of soil freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs) in cool-temperate and other high-latitude regions. The spatial relevance of seasonally frozen ground amounts to c. 55% of the total land area of the northern hemisphere. Evidence suggests that FTCs contribute to nutrient dynamics. Knowledge of their effects on plant communities is scarce, although plants may be the decisive factor in controlling ecosystem functions such as nutrient retention. Here, the effects are analysed of five additional FTCs in winter for the above- and below-ground productivity of experimental grassland communities and soil enzymatic activity over the following growing season. Freeze-thaw cycles increased the above-ground productivity but reduced root length over the whole subsequent growing season. In summer, no changes in soil enzymatic activities representing the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles were observed in the FTC-manipulated plots, except for an increased cellobiohydrolase activity. Changes in productivity resulting in an increased shoot-to-root ratio and shifts in timing are capable of altering ecosystem stability and ecosystem services, such as productivity and nutrient retention.
AU  - Kreyling, J.*
AU  - Beierkuhnlein, C.*
AU  - Pritsch, K.
AU  - Schloter, M.
AU  - Jentsch, A.*
C1  - 3143
C2  - 25181
SP  - 938-945
TI  - Recurrent soil freeze-thaw cycles enhance grassland productivity.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 177
IS  - 4
PB  - Blackwell
PY  - 2008
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - To investigate the role of aquaporin-mediated water transport during pollen grain germination and tube growth, Arabidopsis thaliana plasma membrane intrinsic prot (PIPs) were expressed in pollen of Lilium longiflorum (lily).Successful expression of AtPIPs in particle-bombarded lily pollen grains was monitored by co-expression with fluorescent proteins and single-cell RT-PCR, and by measuring the water permeability coefficient (P-os) in swelling assays using protoplasts prepared from transformed pollen grains and tubes.Expression of AtPIP1;1 and AtPIP1;2 in pollen grains resulted in P-os values similar to those measured in nontransformed pollen grain protoplasts (6.65 +/- 2.41 mu ms(-1)), whereas expression of AtPIP2 significantly increased P-os (AtPIP2;1, 13.79 +/- 6.38; AtPIP2;2, 10.16 +/- 3.30 mu m s(-1)). Transformation with combinations of AtPIP and AtPIP2 did not further enhance P-os. Native pollen tube protoplasts showed higher P-os values (13.23 +/- 4.14 mu m s(-1)) than pollen grain protoplasts but expression of AtPIP2;1 (18.85 +/- 7.60 mu m s(-1)) did not significantly increase their P-os values. Expression of none of the tested PIPs had any effect on pollen tube growth rates.The ectopic expression of AtPIP2s in lily pollen increased the water permeability of the plasma membrane in pollen grains, but not in pollen tubes. The measured endogenous water permeability does not limit water uptake during tube growth, but has to be regulated to prevent tube bursting.
AU  - Sommer, A.*
AU  - Geist, B.J.
AU  - Da Ines, O.
AU  - Gehwolf, R.*
AU  - Schäffner, A.
AU  - Obermeyer, G.*
C1  - 1845
C2  - 25956
SP  - 787-797
TI  - Ectopic expression of Arabidopsis thaliana plasma membrane intrinsic protein 2 aquaporins in lily pollen increases the plasma membrane water permeability of grain but not of tube protoplasts.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 180
IS  - 4
PB  - Blackwell Publ.
PY  - 2008
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Courty, P.-E.*
AU  - Pritsch, K.*
AU  - Schloter, M.
AU  - Hartmann, A.
AU  - Garbaye, J.*
C1  - 2804
C2  - 23218
SP  - 309-319
TI  - Activity profiling of ectomycorrhiza communities in two forest soils using multiple enzymatic tests.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 167
PY  - 2005
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Diarra, C.*
AU  - Castagna, A.*
AU  - Baldan, B.*
AU  - Mensuali Sodi, A.*
AU  - Langebartels, C.
AU  - Sebastiani, L.*
AU  - Ranieri, A.*
C1  - 1376
C2  - 23386
SP  - 351-364
TI  - Differences in the kinetics and scale of signalling molecule production modulate the ozone sensitivity of hybrid poplar clones: The roles of H2O2, ethylene and salicylic acid.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 168
PY  - 2005
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kozovits, A.R.*
AU  - Matyssek, R.*
AU  - Winkler, J.B.
AU  - Göttlein, A.*
AU  - Blaschke, H.*
AU  - Grams, T.E.E.*
C1  - 1156
C2  - 23008
SP  - 181-196
TI  - Above-ground space sequestration determines competitive success in juvenile beech and spruce trees.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 167
PY  - 2005
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sahr, T.
AU  - Voigt, G.*
AU  - Paretzke, H.G.
AU  - Schramel, P.
AU  - Ernst, D.
C1  - 4399
C2  - 22508
SP  - 747-754
TI  - Caesium-affected gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 165
PY  - 2005
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sahr, T.
AU  - Voigt, G.*
AU  - Schimmack, W.
AU  - Paretzke, H.G.
AU  - Ernst, D.
C1  - 4804
C2  - 22907
SP  - 141-148
TI  - Low-level radiocaesium exposure alters gene expression in roots of Arabidopsis.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 168
PY  - 2005
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - von Rad, U.
AU  - Müller, M.J.*
AU  - Durner, J.
C1  - 591
C2  - 22521
SP  - 191-202
TI  - Evaluation of natural and synthetic stimulants of plant immunity by microarray technology.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 165
PY  - 2005
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - In an attempt to determine whether fungal auxin affects host plant gene expression during mycorrhizal formation, an auxin upregulated cDNA, Pp-iaa88, was isolated by differential screening of a cDNA library made from auxin-treated Pinus pinaster roots.Pp-iaa88 codes for a polypeptide that shares extensive homology to auxin-inducible Aux/IAA proteins, which are supposed to act as transcription factors. Cycloheximide did not inhibit auxin-induced mRNA accumulation, indicating that Pp-iaa88 upregulation is a primary (direct) auxin response.The level of Pp-iaa88 transcripts in roots increased following inoculation with either an indoleacetic acid-overproducing mutant or a wild-type strain of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum. With both strains, mRNA accumulation was detectable as soon as fungal hyphae reached the root and it increased during differentiation of symbiotic structures. The kinetics of Pp-iaa88 transcript accumulation was closely connected with the dynamics of symbiosis establishment and was more rapid with the mutant than with the wild-type strain.As a putative transcription factor expressed at the very early stages of symbiosis establishment, Pp-iaa88 could play a key role in mycorrhizal formation.
AU  - Charvet-Candela, V.*
AU  - Hitchin, S.*
AU  - Ernst, D.
AU  - Sandermann, H.
AU  - Marmeisse, R.*
AU  - Gay, G.*
C1  - 9974
C2  - 20263
SP  - 769-777
TI  - Characterization of an Aux/IAA cDNA upregulated in Pinus pinaster roots in response to colonization by the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 154
PB  - Blackwell Publication
PY  - 2002
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Young trees of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) acclimated for one growing season to ambient (c. 367 mu l l(-1)) or elevated CO2 levels (c. 660 mu l l(-1)) were exposed during the subsequent year to combinations of the same CO2 regimes and ambient or twice-ambient ozone (O-3) levels (generated from the database of a rural site). By the end of June, before the development of macroscopic leaf injury, the raised O-3 levels had not affected the light and dark reactions of photosynthesis. However, acclimation to elevated CO2 had resulted in lowered chlorophyll and nitrogen concentrations, whereas photosynthetic performance, examined over a wide range of parameters from light and dark reactions, remained unchanged or showed only slight reductions (e.g. apparent electron transport rate, ETR; apparent quantum yield of CO2 gas exchange, Phi(CO2); apparent carboxylation efficiency, CE; and photosynthetic capacity at light and CO2 saturation, PC). In August, after the appearance of leaf necroses, plants grown under ambient CO2 and twice-ambient O-3 conditions declined in both the photosynthetic light reactions (optimum electron quantum yield, Fv/F-m, non-photochemical energy quenching, NPQ, reduction state of Q(A), apparent electron quantum yield, Phi(PSI)I, maximum electron transport rates) and the dark reactions as reflected by CE, Phi(CO2), as well as the maximum CO2 uptake rate (i.e. PC). CE, Phi(CO2) and PC were reduced by c. 75, 40 and 75%, respectively, relative to plants exposed to ambient CO2 and O-3 levels. By contrast, plants exposed to twice-ambient O-3 and elevated CO2 levels maintained a photosynthetic performance similar to individuals grown either under ambient CO2 and ambient O-3, or elevated CO2 and ambient O-3 conditions. The long-term exposure to elevated CO2 therefore tended to counteract adverse chronic effects of enhanced O-3 levels on photosynthesis. Possible reasons for this compensatory effect in F. sylvatica are discussed.
AU  - Grams, T.E.E.
AU  - Anegg, S.
AU  - Häberle, K.-H.*
AU  - Langebartels, C.
AU  - Matyssek, R.*
C1  - 23432
C2  - 31147
SP  - 95-107
TI  - Interactions of chronic exposure to elevated CO2 and O3 levels in the photosynthetic light and dark reactions of European beech (Fagus sylvatica).
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 144
IS  - 1
PB  - Wiley
PY  - 1999
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Epidermal tissue was isolated from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) needles by enzymatic digestion in order to study tissue distribution of u.v.-B-screening pigments. Up to 90% of the needle content of a group of diacylated flavonol glycosides that were structurally closely related was found in the epidermal layer. Among these metabolites, 3 '',6 ''-di-para-coumaroyl-isoquercitrin and 3 '',6 ''-di-para-coumaroyl-astragalin were the main u.v.-B-induced compounds in cotyledons and primary needles, respectively. However, catechin and astragalin (kaempferol 3-glucoside), two non-acylated flavonoid metabolites, were only observed in total needle extracts, and at levels independent of u.v.-B treatment. According to this metabolite distribution, the mRNA of chalcone synthase, the key enzyme to flavonoids, was found in epidermal and mesophyll as well as vascular tissues. The major alkali-extractable wall-bound phenolic metabolites, astragalin, 4-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid, a minor component of the cell wall, were also found exclusively in the epidermal layer. These compounds were not stimulated by u.v.-B irradiation within the experimental period. Staining of needle cross sections and epidermal layer preparations with Naturstoffreagenz A confirmed the specific localization of wall-bound astragalin in the outer wall of the epidermal layer. Model calculations of u.v.-B absorptions at 300 nm of soluble and cell-wall-bound metabolites of the epidermal layer revealed an almost complete shielding of the mesophyll tissue from u.v.-B radiation.
AU  - Schnitzler, J.-P.
AU  - Jungblut, T.P.
AU  - Heller, W.
AU  - Köfferlein, M.
AU  - Hutzler, P.
AU  - Heinzmann, U.
AU  - Schmelzer, E.*
AU  - Ernst, D.
AU  - Langebartels, C.
AU  - Sandermann, H.
C1  - 23458
C2  - 31186
SP  - 247-258
TI  - Tissue localization of UV-B-screening pigments and of chalcone synthase mRNA in needles of Scots pine seedlings.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 132
IS  - 2
PB  - Wiley
PY  - 1996
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Fumigation of tree seedlings and saplings with ozone increased the mRNA level of extensin, a hydroxyprolinerich cell wall glycoprotein. European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings and saplings of various ages were treated with ozone concentrations from 20 nl l−1 up to 200 nl l−1 for 1 h up to several weeks. A strong increase of extensin transcript levels was detected within a few hours of fumigation. The induction occurred in needles and hypocotyls of Scots pine, needles of Norway spruce and leaves of European beech. Hypocotyls and roots with high levels of constitutive lignification were not induced. The degree of lignification in hypocotyls of equally old pine and spruce seedlings correlated with the degree of ozone-induced transcription of extensin genes.
AU  - Schneiderbauer, A.
AU  - Back, E.
AU  - Sandermann, H.
AU  - Ernst, D.
C1  - 46487
C2  - 0
SP  - 225-230
TI  - Ozone induction of extensin mRNA in Scots pine, Norway spruce and European beech.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 130
IS  - 2
PY  - 1995
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bonello, P.
AU  - Heller, W.
AU  - Sandermann, H.
C1  - 20588
C2  - 13798
SP  - 653-663
TI  - Ozone Effects on Root-Disease Susceptibility and Defence Responses in Mycorrhizal and Non- mycorrhizal Seedlings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.).
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 124
PY  - 1993
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - van Driessche, F.
AU  - Langebartels, C.
C1  - 20180
C2  - 13358
TI  - Response of Droughted Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) to Ozone Exposure.
JO  - New Phytol.
PY  - 1992
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Increased transpiration was observed following application of acidic mist to the plants in nutrient solution but decreased stomatal diffusive resistance of potted plants was detected only at night.
AU  - Leonardi, S.
AU  - Flückiger, W.
C1  - 33628
C2  - 35471
SP  - 173-179
TI  - Effects of cation leaching on mineral cycling and transpiration: investigations with beech seedlings, Fagus sylvatica L.
JO  - New Phytol.
VL  - 111
IS  - 2
PY  - 1989
SN  - 0028-646X
ER  -