TY  - JOUR
AB  - INTRODUCTION: A wide array of alternative nicotine delivery devices (ANDD) has been developed and they are often described as less harmful than combustible cigarettes. This work compares the chemical emissions of three ANDD in comparison to cigarette smoke. All the tested ANDD are characterized by not involving combustion of tobacco. METHOD: Single photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SPI-TOFMS) is coupled to a linear smoking machine, which allows a comprehensive, online analysis of the gaseous phase of the ANDD aerosol and the conventional cigarette smoke (CC). The following devices were investigated in this study: a tobacco cigarette with a glowing piece of coal as a heating source, an electric device for heating tobacco and a first-generation electronic cigarette. Data obtained from a standard 2R4F research cigarette are taken as a reference. RESULTS: The puff-by-puff profile of all products was recorded. The ANDD show a substantial reduction or complete absence of known harmful and potentially harmful substances compared to the CC. In addition, tar substances (i.e. semivolatile and low volatile aromatic and phenolic compounds) are formed to a much lower extent. Nicotine, however, is supplied in comparable amounts except for the investigated electronic cigarette. CONCLUSIONS: The data shows that consumers switching from CC to ANDD are exposed to lower concentrations of harmful and potentially harmful substances. However, toxicological and epidemiological studies must deliver conclusive results if these reduced exposures are beneficial for users. IMPLICATION: The comparison of puff-resolved profiles of emissions from different tobacco products, traditional and alternative, may help users switch to lower emission products. Puff-resolved comparison overcomes technical changes, use modes between products and may help in their regulation.
AU  - Heide, J.*
AU  - Adam, T.
AU  - Jacobs, E.*
AU  - Wolter, J.M.*
AU  - Ehlert, S.*
AU  - Walte, A.*
AU  - Zimmermann, R.
C1  - 62110
C2  - 50656
CY  - Great Clarendon St, Oxford Ox2 6dp, England
SP  - 2135-2144
TI  - Puff-resolved analysis and selected quantification of chemicals in the gas phase of E-Cigarettes, Heat-not-Burn devices and conventional cigarettes using single photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SPI-TOFMS): A comparative study.
JO  - Nicotine Tob. Res.
VL  - 23
IS  - 12
PB  - Oxford Univ Press
PY  - 2021
SN  - 1462-2203
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Heavy cigarette smoking is more frequent in men than in women. So far, little is known whether this sex-specific difference in cigarette consumption is modified by age at smoking onset, sociodemographical, and lifestyle factors. Therefore, we aimed to identify sex-specific characteristics associated with heavy daily cigarette smoking. METHODS: The study population consisted of 3,178 daily smokers aged 25-74 years from the population-based MONICA/KORA Augsburg surveys conducted between 1984 and 1995. Subjects consuming at least 20 cigarettes daily were defined as heavy smokers. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify sociodemographical, smoking-related, and lifestyle characteristics of heavy smokers. RESULTS: A number of 1,576 subjects (49.6%) were identified as heavy smokers. Men were significantly more often heavy smokers than women with the exception of those women who have started smoking at an early age. Multivariate logistic regression revealed early age at smoking onset determines heavy smoking in women but not in men. While younger age at study examination and low educational level was associated with heavy smoking in men only, current employment was associated with heavy smoking in women only. Moreover, living alone, high alcohol or coffee consumption, and low physical leisure activity were associated with heavy smoking behavior in both sexes. Survey, obesity and parental history of smoking showed no association with heavy smoking. CONCLUSIONS: The present study revealed sex-specific differences in heavy smoking by age at smoking onset, which was not shown before so far. These findings should be further investigated and addressed in future prevention campaigns.
AU  - Baumert, J.J.
AU  - Ladwig, K.-H.
AU  - Ruf, E.
AU  - Meisinger, C.
AU  - Döring, A.
AU  - Wichmann, H.-E.
C1  - 6095
C2  - 27924
SP  - 1220-1227
TI  - Determinants of heavy cigarette smoking: Are there differences in men and women? Results from the population-based MONICA/KORA Augsburg surveys.
JO  - Nicotine Tob. Res.
VL  - 12
IS  - 12
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
PY  - 2010
SN  - 1462-2203
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Background: Smoking is associated with a systemic inflammatory response. However, the role of genetic predisposition is well known. We assessed whether circulatory acute phase reactants were associated with smoking and whether or not the association was modified by the major cytokine gene of the phase reaction, interleukin-6 (IL-6). Methods: in total, 1,003 postmyocardial infarction patients were recruited in six European cities and six repeated clinical examinations performed. C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and fibrinogen, levels were assayed at 5,659 subject visits. Genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms was performed in the IL-6 gene. Results: Cumulative smoking (pack-years) and time since smoking cessation were strongly associated with blood levels of all three inflammatory markers. Among subjects any respiratory disorder, these associations remained statistically significant for CRP and IL-6. A polymorphism in the IL-6 gene (rs2069840) showed an interaction with on CRP (p < .001) and IL-6 (p = .049) peripheral levels. Conclusions: These results indicate a potential role of the IL-6 gene in the inflammatory response associated with smoking and suggest rs2069840 polymorphism deserves attention.
AU  - Sunyer, J.*
AU  - Forastiere, F.*
AU  - Pekkanen, J.*
AU  - Plana, E.*
AU  - Kolz, M.
AU  - Pistelli, R.*
AU  - Jacquemin, B.*
AU  - Brüske, I.
AU  - Pitsavos, C.*
AU  - Bellander, T.*
AU  - Koenig, W.*
AU  - Peters, A.
C1  - 2898
C2  - 26880
CY  - Oxford
SP  - 1347-1353
TI  - Interaction between smoking and the interleukin-6 gene affects systemic levels of inflammatory biomarkers.
JO  - Nicotine Tob. Res.
VL  - 11
IS  - 11
PB  - Oxford Univ Press
PY  - 2009
SN  - 1462-2203
ER  -