TY - JOUR AB - Isoprene, the most abundant biogenic hydrocarbon in the atmosphere, is known to protect photosynthesis from abiotic stress and significantly impact atmospheric chemistry. While laboratory studies show that isoprene can enhance plant immunity, its role in plant-plant communication under natural field conditions remains unclear. In a 2-year field experiment, we used wild-type and transgenic silver birch (Betula pendula) lines with enhanced isoprene emission levels to examine their impact on neighboring Arabidopsis thaliana, including wild-type and immune signaling mutants (llp1: legume lectin-like protein 1; jar1: jasmonate resistant 1). Receiver plants exposed to higher isoprene levels showed increased resistance to Pseudomonas syringae, independent of jasmonate signaling but dependent on LLP1, a protein essential for systemic acquired resistance. Volatile analysis indicated isoprene as an airborne molecule that can also trigger an immune response in neighboring plants along with other terpenoids. Our study using transgenic birches in a complex environment provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying plant volatile perception and expands our understanding of plant chemical communication in terrestrial ecosystems. AU - Zhu, P. AU - Weber, B. AU - Rosenkranz, M. AU - Polle, A.* AU - Ghirardo, A. AU - Muhr, J.* AU - Vlot, A.C.* AU - Schnitzler, J.-P. C1 - 75442 C2 - 57918 CY - 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa TI - Volatile-mediated plant defense networks: Field evidence for isoprene as a short-distance immune signal. JO - Plant Cell Environ. PB - Wiley PY - 2025 SN - 0140-7791 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This study determines the functional role of the plant ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) photoreceptor, UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) under natural conditions using a large-scale 'synchronized-genetic-perturbation-field-experiment'. Laboratory experiments have demonstrated a role for UVR8 in UV-B responses but do not reflect the complexity of outdoor conditions where 'genotype × environment' interactions can mask laboratory-observed responses. Arabidopsis thaliana knockout mutant, uvr8-7, and the corresponding Wassilewskija wild type, were sown outdoors on the same date at 21 locations across Europe, ranging from 39°N to 67°N latitude. Growth and climatic data were monitored until bolting. At the onset of bolting, rosette size, dry weight, and phenolics and glucosinolates were quantified. The uvr8-7 mutant developed a larger rosette and contained less kaempferol glycosides, quercetin glycosides and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives than the wild type across all locations, demonstrating a role for UVR8 under field conditions. UV effects on rosette size and kaempferol glycoside content were UVR8 dependent, but independent of latitude. In contrast, differences between wild type and uvr8-7 in total quercetin glycosides, and the quercetin-to-kaempferol ratio decreased with increasing latitude, that is, a more variable UV response. Thus, the large-scale synchronized approach applied demonstrates a location-dependent functional role of UVR8 under natural conditions. AU - Neugart, S.* AU - Steininger, V.* AU - Fernandes, C.* AU - Martínez-Abaigar, J.* AU - Núñez-Olivera, E.* AU - Schreiner, M.* AU - Strid, A.* AU - Viczián, A.* AU - Albert, A. AU - Badenes-Pérez, F.R.* AU - Castagna, A.* AU - Dáder, B.* AU - Fereres, A.* AU - Gaberscik, A.* AU - Gulyás, A.* AU - Gwynn-Jones, D.* AU - Nagy, F.* AU - Jones, A.* AU - Julkunen-Tiitto, R.* AU - Konstantinova, N.* AU - Lakkala, K.* AU - Llorens, L.* AU - Martínez-Lüscher, J.* AU - Nybakken, L.* AU - Olsen, J.* AU - Pascual, I.* AU - Ranieri, A.* AU - Regier, N.* AU - Robson, M.* AU - Rosenqvist, E.* AU - Santin, M.* AU - Turunen, M.* AU - Vandenbussche, F.* AU - Verdaguer, D.* AU - Winkler, J.B. AU - Witzel, K.-P.* AU - Grifoni, D.* AU - Zipoli, G.* AU - Hideg, E.* AU - Jansen, M.A.K.* AU - Hauser, M.T.* C1 - 70859 C2 - 55964 CY - 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa SP - 4031-4047 TI - A synchronized, large-scale field experiment using Arabidopsis thaliana reveals the significance of the UV-B photoreceptor UVR8 under natural conditions. JO - Plant Cell Environ. VL - 47 IS - 10 PB - Wiley PY - 2024 SN - 0140-7791 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Nitrate (NO3 -) deficiency decreases root water uptake and root hydraulic conductance. This adaptive response is correlated with reduced abundance and activity of plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) aquaporins. We therefore screened changes in the root architecture of a complete set of Arabidopsis pip loss-of-function mutants grown under NO3 - deficiency to systematically approach the impact of PIPs under these conditions. NO3 - deprivation led to attenuated responses of specific pip single mutants compared to the strongly altered LR parameters of wild-type plants. In particular, pip1;1 exhibited a lower relative reduction in LR length and LR density, revealing that PIP1;1 represses LR development when NO3 - is scarce. Indeed, PIP1;1 compromises root and shoot NO3 - accumulation during early developmental stages. A fluorescent VENUS-PIP1;1 fusion revealed that PIP1;1 is specifically repressed in the pericycle, endodermis and at the flanks of emerging LRs upon NO3 - deficiency. Thus, LR plasticity and NO3 - uptake are affected by an interactive mechanism involving aquaporins (PIP1;1) and nitrate accumulation during seedling development under NO3 --deficient conditions. AU - Rabelo Schley, T. AU - Zhu, T. AU - Geist, B. AU - Crabos, A.* AU - Dietrich, D.* AU - Alandes, R.A.* AU - Bennett, M.J.* AU - Nacry, P.* AU - Schäffner, A. C1 - 72175 C2 - 56463 CY - 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa TI - The Arabidopsis PIP1;1 aquaporin represses lateral root development and nitrate uptake under low nitrate availability. JO - Plant Cell Environ. PB - Wiley PY - 2024 SN - 0140-7791 ER - TY - JOUR AB - GATAs are evolutionarily conserved zinc-finger transcription factors from eukaryotes. In plants, GATAs can be subdivided into four classes, A-D, based on their DNA-binding domain, and into further subclasses based on additional protein motifs. B-GATAs with a so-called leucine-leucine-methionine (LLM)-domain can already be found in algae. In angiosperms, the B-GATA family is expanded and can be subdivided in to LLM- or HAN-domain B-GATAs. Both, the LLM- and the HAN-domain are conserved domains of unknown biochemical function. Interestingly, the B-GATA family in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha and the moss Physcomitrium patens is restricted to one and four family members, respectively. And, in contrast to vascular plants, the bryophyte B-GATAs contain a HAN- as well as an LLM-domain. Here, we characterise mutants of the single B-GATA from Marchantia polymorpha. We reveal that this mutant has defects in thallus growth and in gemma formation. Transcriptomic studies uncover that the B-GATA mutant displays a constitutive high-light (HL) stress response, a phenotype that we then also confirm in mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana LLM-domain B-GATAs, suggesting that the B-GATAs have a protective role towards HL stress. AU - Schröder, P.* AU - Hsu, B.Y.* AU - Gutsche, N.* AU - Winkler, J.B. AU - Hedtke, B.* AU - Grimm, B.* AU - Schwechheimer, C.* C1 - 67869 C2 - 54347 CY - 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa SP - 2376-2390 TI - B-GATA factors are required to repress high-light stress responses in Marchantia polymorpha and Arabidopsis thaliana. JO - Plant Cell Environ. VL - 46 IS - 8 PB - Wiley PY - 2023 SN - 0140-7791 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Condensed tannins (CTs, proanthocyanidins) are widespread polymeric flavan-3-ols known for their ability to bind proteins. In poplar (Populus spp.), leaf condensed tannins are induced by both biotic and abiotic stresses, suggesting diverse biological functions. Here we demonstrate the ability of CTs to function as physiological antioxidants, preventing oxidative and cellular damage in response to drought and UV-B irradiation. Chlorophyll fluorescence was used to monitor photosystem II performance, and both hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content was assayed as a measure of oxidative damage. Transgenic MYB-overexpressing poplar (Populus tremula x tremuloides) with high CT content showed reduced photosystem damage and lower hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content after drought and UV-B stress. This antioxidant effect of CT was observed using two different poplar MYB CT regulators, in multiple independent lines and different genetic backgrounds. Additionally, low-CT MYB134-RNAi transgenic poplars showed enhanced susceptibility to drought-induced oxidative stress. UV-B radiation had different impacts than drought on chlorophyll fluorescence, but all high-CT poplar lines displayed reduced sensitivity to both stresses. Our data indicate that CTs are significant defenses against oxidative stress. The broad distribution of CTs in forest systems which are exposed to diverse abiotic stresses suggests that these compounds have wider functional roles than previously realized. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. AU - Gourlay, G.* AU - Hawkins, B.* AU - Albert, A. AU - Schnitzler, J.-P. AU - Peter Constabel, C.* C1 - 63805 C2 - 51650 CY - 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa SP - 362-377 TI - Condensed tannins as antioxidants that protect poplar against oxidative stress from drought and UV-B. JO - Plant Cell Environ. VL - 45 IS - 2 PB - Wiley PY - 2022 SN - 0140-7791 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Beneficial bacteria interact with plants using signalling molecules, such as N-acyl homoserine-lactones (AHLs). Although there is evidence that these molecules affect plant responses to pathogens, few studies have examined their effect on plant-insect and microbiome interactions, especially under variable soil conditions. We investigated the effect of the AHL-producing rhizobacterium Acidovorax radicis and its AHL-negative mutant (does not produce AHLs) on modulating barley (Hordeum vulgare) plant interactions with cereal aphids (Sitobion avenae) and earthworms (Dendrobaena veneta) across variable nutrient soils. Acidovorax radicis inoculation increased plant growth and suppressed aphids, with stronger effects by the AHL-negative mutant. However, effects varied between barley cultivars and the presence of earthworms altered interaction outcomes. Bacteria-induced plant defences differed between cultivars, and aphid exposure, with pathogenesis-related and WRKY pathways partly explaining the ecological effects in the more resistant cultivars. Additionally, we observed few but specific indirect effects via the wider root microbiome where the AHL-mutant strain influenced rare OTU abundances. We conclude that bacterial AHL-signalling disruption affects plant-microbial interactions by inducing different plant pathways, leading to increased insect resistance, also mediated by the surrounding biotic and abiotic environment. Understanding the mechanisms by which beneficial bacteria can reduce insect pests is a key research area for developing effective insect pest management strategies in sustainable agriculture. AU - Sanchez-Mahecha, O.* AU - Klink, S. AU - Heinen, R.* AU - Rothballer, M. AU - Zytynska, S.E.* C1 - 65826 C2 - 52926 SP - 3052-3069 TI - Impaired microbial N-acyl homoserine lactone signalling increases plant resistance to aphids across variable abiotic and biotic environments. JO - Plant Cell Environ. VL - 45 IS - 10 PY - 2022 SN - 0140-7791 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Isoprene and other terpenoids are important biogenic volatile organic compounds in terms of atmospheric chemistry. Isoprene can aid plant performance under abiotic stresses, but the fundamental biological reasons for the high emissions are not completely understood. Here, we provide evidence of a previously unrecognized ecological function for isoprene and for the sesquiterpene, ß-caryophyllene. We show that isoprene and ß-caryophyllene act as core components of plant signaling networks, inducing resistance against microbial pathogens in neighboring plants. We challenged Arabidopsis thaliana with Pseudomonas syringae, after exposure to pure volatile terpenoids or to volatile emissions of transformed poplar or Arabidopsis plants. The data suggests that isoprene induces a defense response in receiver plants that is similar to that elicited by monoterpenes and depended on salicylic acid (SA) signaling. In contrast, the sesquiterpene, ß-caryophyllene, induced resistance via jasmonic acid (JA)-signaling. The experiments in an open environment show that natural biological emissions are enough to induce resistance in neighboring Arabidopsis. Our results show that both isoprene and ß-caryophyllene function as allelochemical components in complex plant signaling networks. Knowledge of this system may be used to boost plant immunity against microbial pathogens in various crop management schemes. AU - Frank, L. AU - Wenig, M. AU - Ghirardo, A. AU - van der Krol, A.* AU - Vlot, A.C. AU - Schnitzler, J.-P. AU - Rosenkranz, M. C1 - 61191 C2 - 50080 CY - 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa SP - 1151-1164 TI - Isoprene and β-caryophyllene confer plant resistance via different plant internal signaling pathways. JO - Plant Cell Environ. VL - 44 IS - 4 PB - Wiley PY - 2021 SN - 0140-7791 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Isoprene is a C5 volatile organic compound, which can protect aboveground plant tissue from abiotic stress such as short-term high temperatures and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we uncover new roles for isoprene in the plant belowground tissues. By analysingPopulusxcanescensisoprene synthase (PcISPS) promoter reporter plants, we discoveredPcISPSpromoter activity in certain regions of the roots including the vascular tissue, the differentiation zone and the root cap. Treatment of roots with auxin or salt increasedPcISPSpromoter activity at these sites, especially in the developing lateral roots (LR). Transgenic, isoprene non-emitting poplar roots revealed an accumulation of O(2)(-)in the same root regions wherePcISPSpromoter activity was localized. Absence of isoprene emission, moreover, increased the formation of LRs. Inhibition of NAD(P)H oxidase activity suppressed LR development, suggesting the involvement of ROS in this process. The analysis of the fine root proteome revealed a constitutive shift in the amount of several redox balance, signalling and development related proteins, such as superoxide dismutase, various peroxidases and linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase, in isoprene non-emitting poplar roots. Together our results indicate for isoprene a ROS-related function, eventually co-regulating the plant-internal signalling network and development processes in root tissue. AU - Miloradovic van Doorn, M. AU - Merl-Pham, J. AU - Ghirardo, A. AU - Fink, S.* AU - Polle, A.* AU - Schnitzler, J.-P. AU - Rosenkranz, M. C1 - 59611 C2 - 48903 CY - 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa SP - 2207-2223 TI - Root isoprene formation alters lateral root development. JO - Plant Cell Environ. VL - 43 IS - 9 PB - Wiley PY - 2020 SN - 0140-7791 ER - TY - JOUR AB - It is well known that plant volatiles influence herbivores in their selection of a host plant; however, less is known about how the nonvolatile metabolome affects herbivore host selection. Metabolic diversity between intraspecific plants can be characterized using non-targeted mass spectrometry that gives us a snapshot overview of all metabolic processes occurring within a plant at a particular time. Here, we show that non-targeted metabolomics can be used to reveal links between intraspecific chemical diversity and ecological processes in tansy (Tanacetum vulgare). First, we show that tansy plants can be categorized into five subgroups based up on their metabolic profiles, and that these "metabotypes" influenced natural aphid colonization in the field. Second, this grouping was not due to induced metabolomic changes within the plant due to aphid feeding but rather resulted from constitutive differences in chemical diversity between plants. These findings highlight the importance of intraspecific chemical diversity within one plant population and provide the first report of a non-targeted metabolomic field study in chemical ecology. AU - Clancy, M.V. AU - Zytynska, S.E.* AU - Moritz, F. AU - Witting, M. AU - Schmitt-Kopplin, P. AU - Weisser, W.W.* AU - Schnitzler, J.-P. C1 - 53993 C2 - 45179 CY - 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa SP - 2791-2805 TI - Metabotype variation in a field population of tansy plants influences aphid host selection. JO - Plant Cell Environ. VL - 41 IS - 12 PB - Wiley PY - 2018 SN - 0140-7791 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Nitric oxide is an important signalling molecule which is involved in many different physiological processes in plants. Here we report about a NO-fixing mechanism in Arabidopsis, which allows the fixation of atmospheric NO into nitrogen metabolism. We fumigated Arabidopsis plants cultivated in soil or as hydroponic cultures during the whole growing period with up to 3 ppmv of NO gas. Transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic analyses were used to identify non-symbiotic hemoglobin proteins as key components of the NO-fixing process. Overexpressing non-symbiotic hemoglobin 1 or 2 genes resulted in four-fold higher nitrate levels in these plants compared to NO-treated wild-type. Correspondingly, rosettes size and weight, vegetative shoot thickness and seed yield were 25%, 40%, 30%, and 50% higher, respectively, than in wild-type plants. Fumigation with 250 ppbv (15) NO confirmed the importance of non-symbiotic hemoglobin 1 and 2 for the NO-fixation pathway and we calculated a daily uptake for non-symbiotic hemoglobin 2 overexpressing plants of 250 mg N/kg dry weight. This mechanism is probably important under conditions with limited N supply via the soil. Moreover, the plant-based NO uptake lowers the concentration of insanitary atmospheric NOx and in this context NO-fixation can be beneficial to air quality. AU - Kuruthukulangarakoola, G.T. AU - Zhang, J. AU - Albert, A. AU - Winkler, J.B. AU - Lang, H. AU - Buegger, F. AU - Gaupels, F. AU - Heller, W. AU - Michalke, B. AU - Sarioglu, H. AU - Schnitzler, J.-P. AU - Hebelstrup, K.H.* AU - Durner, J. AU - Lindermayr, C. C1 - 48719 C2 - 41295 CY - Hoboken SP - 36-50 TI - Nitric oxide-fixation by non-symbiotic hemoglobin proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana under N-limited conditions. JO - Plant Cell Environ. VL - 40 IS - 1 PB - Wiley-blackwell PY - 2017 SN - 0140-7791 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Instrumentation technology for metabolomics has advanced drastically in recent years in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Despite these technical advances, data analytical strategies are still in their infancy in comparison with other ‘omics’. Plants are known to possess an immense diversity of secondary metabolites. Typically, more than 70% of metabolomics data are not amenable to systems biological interpretation due to poor database coverage. Here, we propose a new general strategy for mass spectrometry-based metabolomics that incorporates all exact mass features with known sum formulae into the evaluation and interpretation of metabolomics studies. We extend the use of mass differences, commonly used for feature annotation, by re-defining them as variables that reflect the remaining ‘omic’ domains. The strategy uses exact mass difference network analyses exemplified for the metabolomic description of two gray poplar (Populus x canescens) genotypes that differ in their capability to emit isoprene. This strategy established a direct connection between the metabotype and the non-isoprene emitting phenotype, as mass differences pertaining to prenylation reactions were over-represented in non-isoprene emitting poplars. The analysis of mass differences was not only able to grasp the known chemical biology of poplar but it also improved the interpretability of yet unknown biochemical relationships. AU - Moritz, F. AU - Kaling, M. AU - Schnitzler, J.-P. AU - Schmitt-Kopplin, P. C1 - 50306 C2 - 40283 CY - Hoboken SP - 1057-1073 TI - Characterization of poplar metabotypes via mass difference enrichment analysis. JO - Plant Cell Environ. VL - 40 IS - 7 PB - Wiley PY - 2017 SN - 0140-7791 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Over the last decades, post illumination bursts (PIBs) of isoprene, acetaldehyde and green leaf volatiles (GLVs) following rapid light-to-dark transitions have been reported for a variety of different plant species. However, the mechanisms triggering their release still remain unclear. Here we measured PIBs of isoprene emitting (IE) and isoprene non-emitting (NE) grey poplar plants grown under different climate scenarios (ambient control and three scenarios with elevated CO2 concentrations: elevated control, periodic heat and temperature stress, chronic heat and temperature stress, followed by recovery periods). PIBs of isoprene were unaffected by elevated CO2 and heat and drought stress in IE, while they were absent in NE plants. On the other hand, PIBs of acetaldehyde and also GLVs were strongly reduced in stress-affected plants of all genotypes. After recovery from stress, distinct differences in PIB emissions in both genotypes confirmed different precursor pools for acetaldehyde and GLV emissions. Changes in PIBs of GLVs, almost absent in stressed plants and enhanced after recovery, could be mainly attributed to changes in lipoxygenase activity. Our results indicate that acetaldehyde PIBs, which recovered only partly, derive from a new mechanism in which acetaldehyde is produced from methylerythritol phosphate pathway intermediates, driven by deoxyxylulose phosphate synthase activity. AU - Jud, W.* AU - Vanzo, E. AU - Li, Z.* AU - Ghirardo, A. AU - Zimmer, I. AU - Sharkey, T.D.* AU - Hansel, A.* AU - Schnitzler, J.-P. C1 - 46924 C2 - 39037 CY - Hoboken SP - 1204-1215 TI - Effects of heat and drought stress on post illumination bursts of volatile organic compounds in isoprene emitting and non-emitting poplar. JO - Plant Cell Environ. VL - 39 IS - 6 PB - Wiley-blackwell PY - 2016 SN - 0140-7791 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Ragweed pollen is the main cause of allergenic diseases in Northern America and the weed has become a spreading neophyte in Europe. Climate change and air pollution is speculated to affect the allergenic potential of pollen. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of NO2 , a major air pollutant, under controlled conditions, on the allergenicity of ragweed pollen. Ragweed was exposed to different levels of NO2 throughout the entire growing season, and its pollen further analysed. Spectroscopic analysis showed increased outer cell wall polymers and decreased amounts of pectin. Proteome studies using 2D-difference gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry indicated increased amounts of several Amb a 1 isoforms and of another allergen with great homology to enolase Hev b 9 from rubber tree. Analysis of protein S-nitrosylation identified nitrosylated proteins in pollen from both conditions, including Amb a 1 isoforms. However, elevated NO2 significantly enhanced the overall nitrosylation. Finally, we demonstrated increased overall pollen allergenicity by immunoblotting using ragweed antisera, showing a significantly higher allergenicity for Amb a 1. The data highlight a direct influence of elevated NO2 on the increased allergenicity of ragweed pollen and a direct correlation with an increased risk for human health. AU - Zhao, F. AU - El-Kelish, A. AU - Durner, J. AU - Lindermayr, C. AU - Winkler, J.B. AU - Rueff, F.* AU - Behrendt, H.* AU - Traidl-Hoffmann, C.* AU - Holzinger, A.* AU - Kofler, W.* AU - Braun, P.* AU - von Toerne, C. AU - Hauck, S.M. AU - Ernst, D. AU - Frank, U. C1 - 46371 C2 - 37562 SP - 147-164 TI - Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.): Allergenicity and molecular characterisation of pollen after plant exposure to elevated NO2. JO - Plant Cell Environ. VL - 39 IS - 1 PY - 2016 SN - 0140-7791 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Plants have to cope with various abiotic stresses including UV-B radiation (280-315 nm). UV-B radiation is perceived by a photoreceptor, triggers morphological responses and primes plant defense mechanisms such as antioxidant levels, photo-repair or accumulation of UV-B screening pigments. As poplar is an important model system for trees, we elucidated the influence of UV-B on overall metabolite patterns in poplar leaves grown under high UV-B radiation. Combining non-targeted metabolomics with gas exchange analysis and confocal microscopy we aimed understanding how UV-B radiation triggers metabolome-wide changes, affects isoprene emission, photosynthetic performance, epidermal light attenuation and finally how isoprene-free poplars adjust their metabolome under UV-B radiation. Exposure to UV-B radiation caused a comprehensive rearrangement of the leaf metabolome. Several hundreds of metabolites were up and down-regulated over various pathways. Our analysis, revealed the up-regulation of flavonoids, anthocyanins and polyphenols and the down-regulation of phenolic precursors in the first 36 hours of UV-B treatment. We also observed a down-regulation of steroids after 12 hours. The accumulation of phenolic compounds leads to a reduced light transmission in UV-B-exposed plants. However, the accumulation of phenolic compounds was reduced in non-isoprene emitting plants suggesting a metabolic- or signaling-based interaction between isoprenoid and phenolic pathways. AU - Kaling, M. AU - Kanawati, B. AU - Ghirardo, A. AU - Albert, A. AU - Winkler, J.B. AU - Heller, W. AU - Barta, C.* AU - Loreto, F.* AU - Schmitt-Kopplin, P. AU - Schnitzler, J.-P. C1 - 31084 C2 - 34131 CY - Hoboken SP - 892-904 TI - UV-B mediated metabolic rearrangements in poplar revealed by non-targeted metabolomics. JO - Plant Cell Environ. VL - 38 IS - 5 PB - Wiley-blackwell PY - 2015 SN - 0140-7791 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Land-use change (LUC) has fundamentally altered the form and function of the terrestrial biosphere. Increasing human population, the drive for higher living standards, and the potential challenges of mitigating and adapting to global environmental change, mean that further changes in LUC are unavoidable. LUC has direct consequences on climate, via emissions of greenhouse gases and changing the surface energy balance, but also by affecting the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). Isoprenoids, which dominate global BVOC emissions, are highly reactive and strongly modify atmospheric composition. The effects of LUC on BVOC emissions and related atmospheric chemistry have been largely ignored so far. However, compared to natural ecosystems, most tree species used in bioenergy plantations are strong BVOC emitters, whereas intensively cultivated crops typically emit less BVOCs. Here we summarize the current knowledge on LUC-driven BVOC emissions and how these might affect atmospheric composition and climate. We further discuss land-management and plant-breeding strategies which could be taken to move towards climate-friendly BVOC emissions, whilst simultaneously maintaining or improving key ecosystem functions such as crop yield under a changing environment. AU - Rosenkranz, M. AU - Pugh, T.A.* AU - Schnitzler, J.-P. AU - Arneth, A.* C1 - 32386 C2 - 35021 CY - Hoboken SP - 1896–1912 TI - Effect of land-use change and management on BVOC emissions - selecting climate-smart cultivars. JO - Plant Cell Environ. VL - 38 IS - 9 PB - Wiley-blackwell PY - 2015 SN - 0140-7791 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We used variegated Plectranthus coleoides as a model plant with the aim of clarifying whether the effects of realistic UV-B doses on phenolic metabolism in leaves are mediated by photosynthesis. Plants were exposed to UV-B radiation (0.90 W m(-2) ) combined with two PAR intensities (395 and 1350 μmol m(-2) s(-1) , LL and HL) for nine days in sun simulators. Our study indicates that UV-B component of sunlight stimulates CO2 assimilation and stomatal conductance, depending on background light. UV-B-specific induction of apigenin and cyanidin glycosides was observed in both green and white tissues. However, all the other phenolic subclasses were up to four times more abundant in green leaf tissue. Caffeic and rosmarinic acids, catechin and epicatechin, which are endogenous peroxidase substrates, were depleted at HL in green tissue. This was correlated with increased peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase activities and increased ascorbate content. The UV-B supplement to HL attenuated antioxidative metabolism and partly recovered the phenolic pool indicating stimulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway. In summary, we propose that ortho-dihydroxy phenolics are involved in antioxidative defence in chlorophyllous tissue upon light excess, while apigenin and cyanidin in white tissue have preferentially UV-screening function. AU - Vidovic, M.* AU - Morina, F.* AU - Milić, S.* AU - Zechmann, B.* AU - Albert, A. AU - Winkler, J.B. AU - Veljović Jovanović, S.* C1 - 32572 C2 - 35127 CY - Hoboken SP - 968-979 TI - "UV-SI" UV-B component of sunlight stimulates photosynthesis and flavonoid accumulation in variegated Plectranthus coleoides leaves depending on background light. JO - Plant Cell Environ. VL - 38 IS - 5 PB - Wiley-blackwell PY - 2015 SN - 0140-7791 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Volatile organic compounds emitted by plants represent the largest part of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) released into our atmosphere. Plant volatiles are formed through many biochemical pathways, constitutively and after stress induction. In recent years, our understanding of the functions of these molecules has made constant and rapid progress. From being considered in the past as a mere waste of carbon, BVOC have now emerged as an essential element of an invisible language that is perceived and exploited by the plants’ enemies, the enemies of plant enemies, and neighbouring plants. In addition, BVOC have important functions in protecting plants from abiotic stresses. Recent advances in our understanding of the role of BVOC in direct and indirect defence is driving further attention to these emissions. This special issue gathers some of the latest and most original research that further expands our knowledge of BVOC. BVOC emissions and functions in (i) unexplored terrestrial (including the soil) and marine environments, (ii) in changing climate conditions and (iii) under anthropic pressures, or (iv) in complex trophic communities, are comprehensively reviewed. Stepping up from scientific awareness, the presented information shows that the manipulation and exploitation of BVOC is a realistic and promising strategy for agricultural applications and biotechnological exploitations. AU - Loreto, F.* AU - Dicke, M.* AU - Schnitzler, J.-P. AU - Turling, T.* C1 - 31509 C2 - 34501 CY - Hoboken SP - 1905-1908 TI - Plant volatiles and the environment. JO - Plant Cell Environ. VL - 37 IS - 8 PB - Wiley-blackwell PY - 2014 SN - 0140-7791 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Volatile compounds are usually associated with an appearance/presence in the atmosphere. Recent advances, however, indicated that the soil is a huge reservoir and source of biogenic volatile organic compounds (bVOCs), which are formed from decomposing litter and dead organic material or are synthesized by underground living organism or organs and tissues of plants. This review summarizes the scarce available data on the exchange of VOCs between soil and atmosphere and the features of the soil and particle structure allowing diffusion of volatiles in the soil, which is the prerequisite for biological VOCs-based interactions. In fact, soil may function either as a sink or as a source of bVOCs. Soil VOC emissions to the atmosphere are often 1-2(0-3) orders of magnitude lower than those from above ground vegetation. Microorganisms and the plant root system are the major sources for biogenic VOCs. The current methodology to detect below ground volatiles is described as well as the metabolic capabilities resulting in the wealth of microbial and root VOC emissions. Furthermore, VOC profiles are discussed as non-destructive fingerprints for the detection of organisms. In the last chapter belowground volatile-based bi- and multitrophic interactions between microorganisms, plants and invertebrates in the soil are discussed. AU - Penuelas, J.* AU - Asensio, D.* AU - Tholl, D.* AU - Wenke, K.* AU - Rosenkranz, M. AU - Piechulla, B.* AU - Schnitzler, J.-P. C1 - 31037 C2 - 34109 CY - Hoboken SP - 1866-1891 TI - Biogenic volatile emissions from the soil. JO - Plant Cell Environ. VL - 37 IS - 8 PB - Wiley-blackwell PY - 2014 SN - 0140-7791 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) is emitted from many plants and it appears to have an adaptive role in protecting leaves from abiotic stress. However, only some species emit isoprene. Isoprene emission has appeared and been lost many times independently during the evolution of plants. As an example, our phylogenetic analysis shows that isoprene emission is likely ancestral within the family Fabaceae (= Leguminosae), but that it has been lost at least 16 times and secondarily gained at least 10 times through independent evolutionary events. Within the division Pteridophyta (ferns), we conservatively estimate that isoprene emissions have been gained five times and lost two times through independent evolutionary events. Within the genus Quercus (oaks), isoprene emissions have been lost from one clade, but replaced by a novel type of light-dependent monoterpene emissions that uses the same metabolic pathways and substrates as isoprene emissions. This novel type of monoterpene emissions has appeared at least twice independently within Quercus, and has been lost from 9% of the individuals within a single population of Quercus suber. Gain and loss of gene function for isoprene synthase is possible through relatively few mutations. Thus, this trait appears frequently in lineages; but, once it appears, the time available for evolutionary radiation into environments that select for the trait is short relative to the time required for mutations capable of producing a non-functional isoprene synthase gene. The high frequency of gains and losses of the trait and its heterogeneous taxonomic distribution in plants may be explained by the relatively few mutations necessary to produce or lose the isoprene synthase gene combined with the assumption that isoprene emission is advantageous in a narrow range of environments and phenotypes. AU - Monson, R.K.* AU - Jones, R.T.* AU - Rosenstiel, T.N.* AU - Schnitzler, J.-P. C1 - 11028 C2 - 30470 SP - 503-516 TI - Why only some plants emit isoprene. JO - Plant Cell Environ. VL - 36 IS - 3 PB - Wiley-Blackwell PY - 2013 SN - 0140-7791 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We investigated the interaction of rhizospheric nitric oxide (NO) concentration (i.e. low, ambient or high) and soil nitrogen (N) availability (i.e. low or high) with organic and inorganic N uptake by fine roots of Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings by (15) N feeding experiments under controlled conditions. N metabolites in fine roots were analysed to link N uptake to N nutrition. NO affected N uptake depending on N source and soil N availability. The suppression of nitrate uptake in the presence of ammonium and glutamine was overruled by high NO. The effects of NO on N uptake with increasing N availability showed different patterns: (1) increasing N uptake regardless of NO concentration (i.e. ammonium); (2) increasing N uptake only with high NO concentration (i.e. nitrate and arginine); and (3) decreasing N uptake (i.e. glutamine). At low N availability and high NO nitrate accumulated in the roots indicating insufficient substrates for nitrate reduction or its storage in root vacuoles. Individual amino acid concentrations were negatively affected with increasing NO (i.e. asparagine and glutamine with low N availability, serine and proline with high N availability). In conclusion, this study provides first evidence that NO affects N uptake and metabolism in a conifer. AU - Simon, J.* AU - Dong, F.* AU - Buegger, F. AU - Rennenberg, H.* C1 - 11475 C2 - 30680 SP - 1019-1026 TI - Rhizospheric NO affects N uptake and metabolism in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings depending on soil N availability and N source. JO - Plant Cell Environ. VL - 36 IS - 5 PB - Wiley-Blackwell PY - 2013 SN - 0140-7791 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The indirect defences of plants are comprised of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) that among other things attract the natural enemies of insects. However, the actual extent of the benefits of HIPV emissions in complex co-evolved plant-herbivore systems is only poorly understood. The observation that a few Quercus robur L. trees constantly tolerated (T-oaks) infestation by a major pest of oaks (Tortrix viridana L.), compared with heavily defoliated trees (susceptible: S-oaks), lead us to a combined biochemical and behavioural study. We used these evidently different phenotypes to analyse whether the resistance of T-oaks to the herbivore was dependent on the amount and scent of HIPVs and/or differences in non-volatile polyphenolic leaf constituents (as quercetin-, kaempferol- and flavonol glycosides). In addition to non-volatile metabolic differences, typically defensive HIPV emissions differed between S-oaks and T-oaks. Female moths were attracted by the blend of HIPVs from S-oaks, showing significantly higher amounts of (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT) and (E)-β-ocimene and avoid T-oaks with relative high fraction of the sesquiterpenes α-farnesene and germacrene D. Hence, the strategy of T-oaks exhibiting directly herbivore-repellent HIPV emissions instead of high emissions of predator-attracting HIPVs of the S-oaks appears to be the better mechanism for avoiding defoliation. AU - Ghirardo, A. AU - Heller, W. AU - Fladung, M.* AU - Schnitzler, J.-P. AU - Schroeder, H.* C1 - 10589 C2 - 30295 SP - 2192-2207 TI - Function of defensive volatiles in pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) is tricked by the moth Tortrix viridana. JO - Plant Cell Environ. VL - 35 IS - 12 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd. PY - 2012 SN - 0140-7791 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Plant and soil nitrogen isotope ratios (δ¹⁵N) were studied in experimental grassland plots of varying species richness. We hypothesized that partitioning of different sources of soil nitrogen among four plant functional groups (legumes, grasses, small herbs, tall herbs) should increase with diversity. Four years after sowing, all soils were depleted in ¹⁵N in the top 5 cm whereas in non-legume plots soils were enriched in ¹⁵N at 5-25 cm depth. Decreasing foliar δ¹⁵N and Δδ¹⁵N (= foliar δ¹⁵N-soil δ¹⁵N) values in legumes indicated increasing symbiotic N₂ fixation with increasing diversity. In grasses, foliar Δδ¹⁵N also decreased with increasing diversity suggesting enhanced uptake of N depleted in ¹⁵N. Foliar Δδ¹⁵N values of small and tall herbs were unaffected by diversity. Foliar Δδ¹⁵N values of grasses were also reduced in plots containing legumes, indicating direct use of legume-derived N depleted in ¹⁵N. Increased foliar N concentrations of tall and small herbs in plots containing legumes without reduced foliar δ¹⁵N indicated that these species obtained additional mineral soil N that was not consumed by legumes. These functional group and species specific shifts in the uptake of different N sources with increasing diversity indicate complementary resource use in diverse communities. AU - Gubsch, M.* AU - Roscher, C.* AU - Gleixner, G.* AU - Habekost, M.* AU - Lipowsky, A.* AU - Schmid, B.* AU - Schulze, E.D.* AU - Steinbeiss, S. AU - Buchmann, N.* C1 - 6476 C2 - 28752 CY - Oxford, UK SP - 895-908 TI - Foliar and soil δ15N values reveal increased nitrogen partitioning among species in diverse grassland communities. JO - Plant Cell Environ. VL - 34 IS - 6 PB - Blackwell Scientific Publications PY - 2011 SN - 0140-7791 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Genetically tractable model plants offer the possibility of defining the plant O(3) response at the molecular level. To this end, we have isolated a collection of ozone (O(3))-sensitive mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana. Mutant phenotypes and genetics were characterized. Additionally, parameters associated with O(3) sensitivity were analysed, including stomatal conductance, sensitivity to and accumulation of reactive oxygen species, antioxidants, stress gene-expression and the accumulation of stress hormones. Each mutant has a unique phenotypic profile, with O(3) sensitivity caused by a unique set of alterations in these systems. O(3) sensitivity in these mutants is not caused by gross deficiencies in the antioxidant pathways tested here. The rcd3 mutant exhibits misregulated stomata. All mutants exhibited changes in stress hormones consistent with the known hormonal roles in defence and cell death regulation. One mutant, dubbed re-8, is an allele of the classic leaf development mutant reticulata and exhibits phenotypes dependent on light conditions. This study shows that O(3) sensitivity can be determined by deficiencies in multiple interacting plant systems and provides genetic evidence linking these systems. AU - Overmyer, K.* AU - Kollist, H.* AU - Tuominen, H.* AU - Betz, C. AU - Langebartels, C. AU - Wingsle, G.* AU - Kangasjärvi, S.* AU - Brader, G.* AU - Mullineaux, P.* AU - Kangasjärvi, J.* C1 - 4291 C2 - 25540 SP - 1237-1249 TI - Complex phenotypic profiles leading to ozone sensitivity in Arabidopsis thaliana mutants. JO - Plant Cell Environ. VL - 31 IS - 9 PB - Blackwell PY - 2008 SN - 0140-7791 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kaffarnik, F. AU - Seidlitz, H.K. AU - Obermaier, J. AU - Sandermann, H. AU - Heller, W. C1 - 5221 C2 - 23590 SP - 1484-1491 TI - Environmental and developmental effects on the biosynthesis of UV-B screening pigments in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) needles. JO - Plant Cell Environ. VL - 29 PY - 2006 SN - 0140-7791 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schuhegger, R. AU - Ihring, A. AU - Gantner, S. AU - Bahnweg, G. AU - Knappe, C. AU - Vogg, G. AU - Hutzler, P. AU - Schmid, M. AU - van Breusegem, F.* AU - Eberl, L.* AU - Hartmann, A. C1 - 4976 C2 - 23529 SP - 909-918 TI - Induction of systemic resistance in tomato by N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone-producing rhizosphere bacteria. JO - Plant Cell Environ. VL - 29 PY - 2006 SN - 0140-7791 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Battke, F. AU - Ernst, D. AU - Halbach, S. C1 - 3080 C2 - 23020 SP - 1487-1495 TI - Ascorbate promotes emission of mercury vapour from plants. JO - Plant Cell Environ. VL - 28 PY - 2005 SN - 0140-7791 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nunn, A.J. AU - Anegg, S. AU - Betz, G. AU - Simons, S. AU - Kalisch, G. AU - Seidlitz, H.K. AU - Grams, T.E.E.* AU - Häberle, K.-H.* AU - Matyssek, R.* AU - Bahnweg, G. AU - Sandermann, H. C1 - 515 C2 - 22724 SP - 886-897 TI - Role of ethylene in the regulation of cell death and leaf loss in ozone-exposed European beech. JO - Plant Cell Environ. VL - 28 PY - 2005 SN - 0140-7791 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. (Aizoaceae) is a drought- and salt-tolerant halophyte that is able to endure harsh environmental conditions. Upon irradiation with high light irradiance (1200-1500 mumol m(-2)s(-1)) it displays a rapid cell-specific accumulation of plant secondary metabolites in the upper leaf epidermis; a phenomenon that is not detectable with salt or drought treatment. The accumulation of these compounds, the betacyanins and acylated flavonol glycosides, increases if the plants are exposed to polychromatic radiation with a progressively decreasing short-wave cut-off in the ultraviolet range. The response is localized in the epidermal bladder cells on the tips of young leaves and epidermal layers of fully expanded leaves. It is demonstrated that the accumulation of flavonols and betacyanins can be described by a weakly sigmoid dose function in combination with an exponential decrease of the response function of the plant with increasing wavelength. AU - Ibdah, M.* AU - Krins, A. AU - Seidlitz, H.K. AU - Heller, W. AU - Strack, D.* AU - Vogt, T.* C1 - 9941 C2 - 20340 SP - 1145-1154 TI - Spectral dependence of flavonol and betacyanin accumulation in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum under enhanced ultraviolet radiation. JO - Plant Cell Environ. VL - 25 PB - Blackwell PY - 2002 SN - 0140-7791 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Ozone exposure stimulates an oxidative burst in leaves of sensitive plants, resulting in the generation and accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in tobacco and tomato, and superoxide (O-2(-.)) together with H2O2 in Arabidopsis accessions. Accumulation of these reactive oxygen species (ROS) preceded the induction of cell death, and both responses co-occurred spatially in the periveinal regions of the leaves. Re-current ozone exposure of the sensitive tobacco cv. Bel W3 in closed chambers or in the field led to an enlargement of existing lesions by priming the border cells for H2O2 accumulation. Open top chamber experiments with native herbaceous plants in the field showed that Malva sylvestris L. accumulates O-2(-.) at those sites that later exhibit plant cell death. Blocking of ROS accumulation markedly reduced ozone-induced cell death in tomato, Arabidopsis and M. sylvestris. It is concluded that ozone triggers an in planta generation and accumulation of H2O2 and/or O-2(-.) depending on the species, accession and cultivar, and that both these reactive oxygen species are involved in the induction of cell death in sensitive crop and native plants. AU - Wohlgemuth, H. AU - Mittelstraß, K. AU - Kschieschan, S. AU - Bender, J.* AU - Weigel, H.-J.* AU - Overmyer, K.* AU - Kangasjärvi, J.* AU - Sandermann, H. AU - Langebartels, C. C1 - 9940 C2 - 20271 SP - 717-726 TI - Activation of an oxidative burst is a general feature of sensitive plants exposed to the air pollutant ozone. JO - Plant Cell Environ. VL - 25 PB - Blackwell PY - 2002 SN - 0140-7791 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Mercuric-ion-induced gene expression was studied in Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia wild type. Rosettes of plants grown for 21 d on agar medium supplemented with 20, 30 and 40 muM HgCl2 were pooled and used to isolate cDNAs of induced genes by suppression subtractive hybridization. Of the 576 clones isolated initially, 31 turned out to be mercury-induced by Northern hybridization. However, kinetic studies using cDNA arrays clearly showed that seven genes were exclusively mercuric-ion-induced, 14 were induced by mercury but also affected by a diurnal rhythm, and 10 clones were only modulated by the day-night cycle. The expression levels of the metal-induced genes increased from 1-5-fold to 10-fold. Functional classification resulted in genes encoding proteins for the photosynthetic apparatus and for the antioxidative system. In addition, unexpected genes, whose connection to mercury ion stress is not evident, were identified. AU - Heidenreich, B. AU - Mayer, K.F.X. AU - Sandermann, H. AU - Ernst, D. C1 - 21729 C2 - 19937 SP - 1227-1234 TI - Mercury-induced genes in Arabidopsis thaliana: Identification of induced genes upon long-term mercuric ion exposure. JO - Plant Cell Environ. VL - 24 IS - 11 PB - Wiley PY - 2001 SN - 0140-7791 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zinser, C. AU - Jungblut, T.P. AU - Heller, W. AU - Seidlitz, H.K. AU - Schnitzler, J.-P. AU - Ernst, D. AU - Sandermann, H. C1 - 21597 C2 - 19728 SP - 975-982 TI - The effect of ozone in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) : Gene expression, biochemical changes and interactions with UV-B radiation. JO - Plant Cell Environ. VL - 23 PY - 2000 SN - 0140-7791 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Conifer needles are highly effective in screening ultraviolet- B radiation (280-320 nm). This ability is mainly attributed to the presence of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids in the epidermal tissue. In two field cabinet experiments with two different clones of Norway spruce we assessed the seasonal accumulation of UV-B screening pigments under near-ambient, and close-to-zero UV-B irradiation. At the beginning of needle development, i. e. in June, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside was the dominant UV-B screening pigment. It was replaced during needle differentiation by the more effective diacylated flavonol glucosides, particulary kaempferol 3-O-(3", 6"-O-di-p-coumaroyl)- glucoside, which reached highest concentrations in July. In addition to the soluble pool of diacylated flavonol glucoside derivatives, a cell wall-bound UV-B screen in the epidermal cell walls was formed during needle differentiation, consisting mainly of p-coumaric acid and kaempferol 3-O- glucoside. An effect of UV-B radiation on the accumulation of diacylated flavonol glucosides was only observed in 1996 with clone 2, when the concentrations of kaempferol 3-O-( 3", 6"-O-di-p-coumaroyl) glucoside were significantly higher in July and August under field, and near-ambient than under close-to-zero UV-B irradiance. For wall-bound p-coumaric acid and kaempferol 3-O- glucoside UV-B radiation enhanced the concentrations of these compounds by approximately 20% in relation to the concentrations in close-to-zero UV-B-treated plants in both field cabinet experiments. AU - Fischbach, R.J.* AU - Kossmann, B.* AU - Panten, H.* AU - Steinbrecher, R.* AU - Heller, W. AU - Seidlitz, H.K. AU - Sandermann, H. AU - Hertkorn, N. AU - Schnitzler, J.-P.* C1 - 23428 C2 - 31149 SP - 27-37 TI - Seasonal accumulation of ultraviolet-B screening pigments in needles of Norway spruce (Picea abies ( L.) Karst.). JO - Plant Cell Environ. VL - 22 IS - 1 PB - Wiley PY - 1999 SN - 0140-7791 ER -