TY  - JOUR
AB  - Bacterial quorum sensing (QS) mechanisms play a crucial role in the proper performance and ecological fitness of bacterial populations. Many key physiological processes are regulated in a QS-dependent manner by auto-inducers, like the N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) in numerous Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, also the interaction between bacteria and eukaryotic hosts can be regulated by AHLs. Those mechanisms gained much attention, because of the positive effects of different AHL molecules on plants. This positive impact ranges from growth promotion to induced resistance and is quite contrasting to the rather negative effects observed in the interactions between bacterial AHL molecules and animals. Only very recently, we began to understand the molecular mechanisms underpinning plant responses to AHL molecules. In this review, we gathered the latest information in this research field. The first part gives an overview of the bacterial aspects of quorum sensing. Later we focus on the impact of AHLs on plant growth and AHL-priming, as one of the most understood phenomena in respect to the inter-kingdom interactions based on AHL-quorum sensing molecules. Finally, we discuss the potential benefits of the understanding of bacteria-plant interaction for the future agricultural applications.
AU  - Schikora, A.*
AU  - Schenk, S.T.*
AU  - Hartmann, A.
C1  - 47951
C2  - 39770
CY  - Dordrecht
SP  - 605-612
TI  - Beneficial effects of bacteria-plant communication based on quorum sensing molecules of the N-acyl homoserine lactone group.
JO  - Plant Mol. Biol.
VL  - 90
IS  - 6
PB  - Springer
PY  - 2016
SN  - 0167-4412
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Antimicrobial peptides are important defense compounds of higher organisms that can be used as therapeutic agents against bacterial and/or viral infections. We designed several antimicrobial peptides containing hydrophobic and positively charged clusters that are active against plant and human pathogens. Especially peptide SP1-1 is highly active with a MIC value of 0.1 mu g/ml against Xanthomonas vesicatoria, Pseudomonas corrugata and Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae. However, for commercial applications high amounts of peptide are necessary. The synthetic production of peptides is still quite expensive and, depending on the physico-chemical features, difficult. Therefore we developed a plant/tobacco mosaic virus-based production system following the 'full virus vector strategy' with the viral coat protein as fusion partner for the designed antimicrobial peptide. Infection of Nicotiana benthamiana plants with such recombinant virus resulted in production of huge amounts of virus particles presenting the peptides all over their surface. After extraction of recombinant virions, peptides were released from the coat protein by chemical cleavage. A protocol for purification of the antimicrobial peptides using high resolution chromatographic methods has been established. Finally, we yielded up to 0.025 mg of peptide per g of infected leaf biomass. Mass spectrometric and NMR analysis revealed that the in planta produced peptide differs from the synthetic version only in missing of N-terminal amidation. But its antimicrobial activity was in the range of the synthetic one. Taken together, we developed a protocol for plant-based production and purification of biologically active, hydrophobic and positively charged antimicrobial peptide.
AU  - Zeitler, B.
AU  - Bernhard, A.
AU  - Meyer, H.
AU  - Sattler, M.
AU  - Koop, H.-U.*
AU  - Lindermayr, C.
C1  - 22809
C2  - 30943
SP  - 259-272
TI  - Production of a de-novo designed antimicrobial peptide in Nicotiana benthamiana.
JO  - Plant Mol. Biol.
VL  - 81
IS  - 3
PB  - Springer
PY  - 2013
SN  - 0167-4412
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - In plants, isoprene plays a dual role: (a) as thermo-protective agent proposed to prevent degradation of enzymes/membrane structures involved in photosynthesis, and (b) as reactive molecule reducing abiotic oxidative stress. The present work addresses the question whether suppression of isoprene emission interferes with genome wide transcription rates and metabolite fluxes in grey poplar (Populus x canescens) throughout the growing season. Gene expression and metabolite profiles of isoprene emitting wild type plants and RNAi-mediated non-isoprene emitting poplars were compared by using poplar Affymetrix microarrays and non-targeted FT-ICR-MS (Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry). We observed a transcriptional down-regulation of genes encoding enzymes of phenylpropanoid regulatory and biosynthetic pathways, as well as distinct metabolic down-regulation of condensed tannins and anthocyanins, in non-isoprene emitting genotypes during July, when high temperature and light intensities possibly caused transient drought stress, as indicated by stomatal closure. Under these conditions leaves of non-isoprene emitting plants accumulated hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), a signaling molecule in stress response and negative regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis. The absence of isoprene emission under high temperature and light stress resulted transiently in a new chemo(pheno)type with suppressed production of phenolic compounds. This may compromise inducible defenses and may render non-isoprene emitting poplars more susceptible to environmental stress.
AU  - Behnke, K.*
AU  - Kaiser, A.*
AU  - Zimmer, I.*
AU  - Brüggemann, N.*
AU  - Janz, D.*
AU  - Polle, A.*
AU  - Hampp, R.*
AU  - Hänsch, R.*
AU  - Popko, J.*
AU  - Schmitt-Kopplin, P.
AU  - Ehlting, B.*
AU  - Rennenberg, H.*
AU  - Barta, C.*
AU  - Loreto, F.*
AU  - Schnitzler, J.-P.*
C1  - 4874
C2  - 27475
SP  - 61-75
TI  - RNAi-mediated suppression of isoprene emission in poplar transiently impacts phenolic metabolism under high temperature and high light intensities: A transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis.
JO  - Plant Mol. Biol.
VL  - 74
IS  - 1-2
PB  - Springer
PY  - 2010
SN  - 0167-4412
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - In this study, genome-wide expression profiling based on Affymetrix ATH1 arrays was used to identify discriminating responses of Arabidopsis thaliana to five herbicides, which contain active ingredients targeting two different branches of amino acid biosynthesis. One herbicide contained glyphosate, which targets 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), while the other four herbicides contain different acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibiting compounds. In contrast to the herbicide containing glyphosate, which affected only a few transcripts, many effects of the ALS inhibiting herbicides were revealed based on transcriptional changes related to ribosome biogenesis and translation, secondary metabolism, cell wall modification and growth. The expression pattern of a set of 101 genes provided a specific, composite signature that was distinct from other major stress responses and differentiated among herbicides targeting the same enzyme (ALS) or containing the same chemical class of active ingredient (sulfonylurea). A set of homologous genes could be identified in Brassica napus that exhibited a similar expression pattern and correctly distinguished exposure to the five herbicides. Our results show the ability of a limited number of genes to classify and differentiate responses to closely related herbicides in A. thaliana and B. napus and the transferability of a complex transcriptional signature across species.
AU  - Das, M.*
AU  - Reichman, J.R.*
AU  - Haberer, G.
AU  - Welzl, G.
AU  - Aceituno, F.F.*
AU  - Mader, M.T.
AU  - Watrud, L.S.*
AU  - Pfleeger, T.G.*
AU  - Gutiérrez, R.A.*
AU  - Schäffner, A.
AU  - Olszyk, D.M.*
C1  - 1842
C2  - 27228
SP  - 545-556
TI  - A composite transcriptional signature differentiates responses towards closely related herbicides in Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica napus.
JO  - Plant Mol. Biol.
VL  - 72
IS  - 4-5
PB  - Springer
PY  - 2010
SN  - 0167-4412
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Michel, K.*
AU  - Abderhalden, O.*
AU  - Bruggmann, R.
AU  - Dudler, R.*
C1  - 3845
C2  - 24109
SP  - 561-578
TI  - Transcriptional changes in powdery mildew infected wheat and Arabidopsis leaves undergoing syringolin-triggered hypersensitive cell death at infection sites.
JO  - Plant Mol. Biol.
VL  - 62
PY  - 2006
SN  - 0167-4412
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bruggmann, R.
AU  - Abderhalden, O.*
AU  - Reymond, P.*
AU  - Dudler, R.*
C1  - 4446
C2  - 24034
SP  - 247-267
TI  - Analysis of epidermis- and mesophyll-specific transcript accumulation in powdery mildew-inoculated wheat leaves.
JO  - Plant Mol. Biol.
VL  - 58
PY  - 2005
SN  - 0167-4412
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Glombitza, S.
AU  - Dubuis, P.-H.*
AU  - Thulke, O.
AU  - Welzl, G.
AU  - Bovet, L.*
AU  - Götz, M.
AU  - Affenzeller, M.
AU  - Geist, B.
AU  - Hehn, A.*
AU  - Asnaghi, C.*
AU  - Ernst, D.
C1  - 3414
C2  - 22174
SP  - 817-835
TI  - Crosstalk and differential response to abiotic and biotic stressors reflected at the transcriptional level of effector genes from secondary metabolism.
JO  - Plant Mol. Biol.
VL  - 54
PY  - 2004
SN  - 0167-4412
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Recent studies suggest that ethylene is involved in signalling ozone-induced gene expression. We show here that application of ozone increased glucuronidase (GUS) expression of chimeric reporter genes regulated by the promoters of the tobacco class I beta-1,3-glucanases (GLB and Gln2) and the grapevine resveratrol synthase (Vst1) genes in transgenic tobacco leaves. 5'-deletion analysis of the class I beta-1,3-glucanase promoter revealed that ozone-induced gene regulation is mainly mediated by the distal enhancer region containing the positively acting ethylene-responsive element (ERE). In addition, application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an inhibitor of ethylene action, blocked ozone-induced class I beta-1,3-glucanase promoter activity. Enhancer activity and ethylene-responsiveness depended on the integrity of the GCC boxes, cis-acting elements present in the ERE of the class I beta-1,3-glucanase and the basic-type pathogenesis-related PR-1 protein (PRB-1b) gene promoters. The minimal PRB-1b promoter containing only the ERE with intact GCC boxes, was sufficient to confer 10-fold ozone inducibility to a GUS-reporter gene, while a substitution mutation in the GCC box abolished ozone responsiveness. The ERE region of the class I beta-1,3-glucanase promoter containing two intact GCC boxes confered strong ozone inducibility to a minimal cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S RNA promoter, whereas two single-base substitution in the GCC boxes resulted in a complete loss of ozone inducibility. Taken together, these datastrongly suggest that ethylene is signalling ozone-induced expression of class I beta-l,3-glucanase and PRB-1b genes. Promoter analysis of the stilbene synthase Vst1 gene unravelled different regions for ozone and ethylene-responsiveness. Application of 1-MCP blocked ethylene-induced Vst1 induction, but ozone induction was not affected. This shows that ozone-induced gene expression occurs via at least two different signalling mechanisms and suggests an additional ethylene independent signalling pathway for ozone-induced expression of genes involved in phytoalexin biosynthesis.
AU  - Grimmig, B.
AU  - Gonzalez-Perez, M.N.
AU  - Leubner-Metzger, G.*
AU  - Vögeli-Lange, R.*
AU  - Meins, F. J.r.*
AU  - Hain, R.*
AU  - Penuelas, J.*
AU  - Heidenreich, B.
AU  - Langebartels, C.
AU  - Ernst, D.
AU  - Sandermann, H.
C1  - 10997
C2  - 24263
SP  - 599-607
TI  - Ozone-induced gene expression occurs via ethylene-dependent and -independent signalling.
JO  - Plant Mol. Biol.
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
PB  - Springer
PY  - 2003
SN  - 0167-4412
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Formation of pinosylvin (PS) and pinosylvin 3-O-monomethyl ether (PSM), as well as the activities of stilbene synthase (STS) and S-adenosyl-1-methionine (SAM):pinosylvin O-methyltransferase (PMT), were induced strongly in needles of Scots pine seedlings upon ozone treatment, as well as in cell suspension cultures of Scots pine upon fungal elicitation. A SAM-dependent PMT protein was purified and partially characterised. A cDNA encoding PMT was isolated from an ozone-induced Scots pine cDNA library. Southern blot analysis of the genomic DNA suggested the presence of a gene family. The deduced protein sequence showed the typical highly conserved regions of O-methyltransferases (OMTs), and average identities of 20-56% to known OMTs. PMT expressed in Escherichia coli corresponded to that of purified PMT (40 kDa) from pine cell cultures. The recombinant enzyme catalysed the methylation of PS, caffeic acid, caffeoyl-CoA and quercetin. Several other substances, such as astringenin, resveratrol, 5-OH-ferulic acid, catechol and luteolin, were also methylated. Recombinant PMT thus had a relatively broad substrate specificity. Treatment of 7-year old Scots pine trees with ozone markedly increased the PMT mRNA level. Our results show that PMT represents a new SAM-dependent OMT for the methylation of stress-induced pinosylvin in Scots pine needles.
AU  - Chiron, H.
AU  - Drouet, A.*
AU  - Claudot, A.-C.*
AU  - Eckerskorn, C.*
AU  - Trost, M.
AU  - Heller, W.
AU  - Ernst, D.
AU  - Sandermann, H.
C1  - 45410
C2  - 37320
SP  - 733-745
TI  - Molecular cloning and functional expression of a stress-induced multifunctional O-methyltransferase with pinosylvin methyltransferase activity from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.).
JO  - Plant Mol. Biol.
VL  - 44
IS  - 6
PY  - 2000
SN  - 0167-4412
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - A protocol is described for rapid RNA isolation from various plant species and tissues rich in polyphenolics and polysaccharides. The method is based on the Nucleon PhytoPure™ system without the use of phenol. The procedure can be completed within 1 h and many samples can be processed at the same time. The yield ranged from 240 μg up to 3 mg per gram of tissue with an average purity measured as A260/280 of 1.85. The RNA was of sufficient quality for use in RT-PCR reactions. Quantitation of single-stranded cDNA was carried out with the RiboGreen™ reagent and of PCR products with the PicoGreen™ reagent.
AU  - Kiefer, E.
AU  - Heller, W.
AU  - Ernst, D.
C1  - 45411
C2  - 37322
SP  - 33-39
TI  - A simple and efficient protocol for isolation of functional RNA from plant tissues rich in secondary metabolites.
JO  - Plant Mol. Biol.
VL  - 18
PY  - 2000
SN  - 0167-4412
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Parsley (Petroselinum (crispum L.) is known to respond to pathogen attack by the synthesis of furanocoumarins and to UV irradiation by the synthesis of flavone glycosides whereas ozone treatment results in the induction of both pathways. A cDNA library from parsley plants was differentially screened using labelled reverse-transcribed poly(A)+ RNA isolated from ozone-treated parsley plants. This resulted in the isolation of 13 independent cDNA clones representing ozone-induced genes and of 11 cDNA clones representing ozone-repressed genes. DNA sequencing of several clones resulted in the identification of pathogenesis-related protein 1-3 (PR1-3), of a new member of PR1 cDNAs (PRI-4) and of a small heat shock protein (sHSP). Northern blot analyses showed a transient induction of the three mRNA species after ozone fumigation. In contrast, heat shock treatment of parsley plants resulted in an increase of sHSP mRNA whereas no increase for transcripts of PR1-3 and PR1-4 could be observed. This is the first characterized sHSP cDNA clone for plants induced by heat shock, as well as by oxidative stress caused by ozone.
AU  - Eckey-Kaltenbach, H.*
AU  - Kiefer, E.*
AU  - Grosskopf, E.*
AU  - Ernst, D.
AU  - Sandermann, H.
C1  - 46457
C2  - 0
SP  - 343-350
TI  - Differential transcript induction of parsley pathogenesis-related proteins and of a small heat shock protein by ozone and heat shock.
JO  - Plant Mol. Biol.
VL  - 33
IS  - 2
PY  - 1997
SN  - 0167-4412
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Stilbene synthase (STS) is an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of stilbenes, which are synthesized in various plants in response to pathogen attack, UV irradiation or exposure to ozone. We describe analysis of an ozone inducible STS transcript and its corresponding promoter (Vst1), combined with the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. A single ozone pulse (0.1 microliter/l, 10 h) resulted in 11-fold GUS expression. Histochemical localization of GUS activity revealed small spots distributed over the whole leaf. Cross-sections of leaf tissue showed that the Vst1 promoter was induced in palisade and spongy parenchyma cells and to a lesser extent in epidermal cells. Deletions at the 5' end showed that a partial promoter sequence between position -430 and -280 constituted the ozone-responsive region, whereas for effective pathogen-inducibility sequences from -280 to -140 have been shown to be necessary.
AU  - Schubert, R.
AU  - Fischer, R.*
AU  - Hain, R.*
AU  - Schreier, P.H.*
AU  - Bahnweg, G.
AU  - Ernst, D.
AU  - Sandermann, H.
C1  - 46464
C2  - 0
SP  - 417-426
TI  - An ozone-responsive region of the grapevine resveratrol synthase promoter differs from the basal pathogen-responsive sequence.
JO  - Plant Mol. Biol.
VL  - 34
IS  - 3
PY  - 1997
SN  - 0167-4412
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) is an enzyme involved in lignin biosynthesis. We have previously isolated pure CAD enzyme from Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) cell culture. Here we report on partial protein sequences of the 42 kDa CAD polypeptide. A cDNA encoding CAD was isolated from the spruce cell culture. The open reading frame of a full-length cDNA coded for a 357 amino acid polypeptide with a calculated M(r) of 38,777 Da. The identity of the deduced polypeptide was verified by comparison with amino acid sequences of tryptic peptides from the purified enzyme. Southern blot analysis showed the presence of only one gene for CAD. Sequence comparison with CAD from tobacco and with a N-terminal protein sequence from loblolly pine CAD showed an identity of 69.7% and 91.5%, respectively. Treatment of spruce cell cultures with elicitor, as well as of seedlings with ozone both markedly increased the CAD mRNA level.
AU  - Galliano, H.
AU  - Cabane, M.
AU  - Eckerskorn, C.
AU  - Lottspeich, F.
AU  - Sandermann, H.
AU  - Ernst, D.
C1  - 20656
C2  - 13871
SP  - 145-156
TI  - Molecular Cloning, Sequence Analysis and Elicitor-/ozone-induced Accumulation of Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase from Norway Spruce (Picea abies L.).
JO  - Plant Mol. Biol.
VL  - 23
PY  - 1993
SN  - 0167-4412
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Treatment of the ozone-sensitive tobacco cultivar Bel W3 with an ozone pulse (0.15 microliter/l, 5 h) markedly increased the mRNA level of basic beta-1,3-glucanase and to a lower degree that of basic chitinase. The increase of beta-1,3-glucanase mRNA level occurred within 1 h and showed a transient maximum. Seventeen hours after ozone treatment, the beta-1,3-glucanase mRNA level decreased to lower values. The increase of basic chitinase mRNA level was delayed and was less pronounced than that of beta-1,3-glucanase mRNA. Cultivar Bel B showed only a small increase of beta-1,3-glucanase mRNA level after the same ozone treatment, whereas its basic chitinase mRNA was more strongly induced. Prolonged ozone treatment for 2 days of tobacco Bel W3 led to a persistent level of beta-1,3-glucanase and basic chitinase mRNAs, as well as to an increase of acidic chitinase and 'pathogenesis-related' (PR) 1b mRNA levels. The results indicate that genes so far considered to code for PR proteins may also be involved in the plant response to oxidative stress.
AU  - Ernst, D.
AU  - Schraudner, M.
AU  - Langebartels, C.
AU  - Sandermann, H.
C1  - 19913
C2  - 13067
SP  - 673-682
TI  - Ozone-induced Changes of mRNA levels of ß-1,3-glucanase, Chitinase and 'Pathogenesis- related' Protein 1b in Tobacco Plants.
JO  - Plant Mol. Biol.
VL  - 20
PY  - 1992
SN  - 0167-4412
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Nitrite reductase is the second enzyme in the nitrate assimilatory pathway. The transcription of this gene is regulated by nitrate as well as a variety of other environmental and developmental factors. Genomic clones containing the entire nitrite reductase gene have been isolated from a spinach genomic library and sequenced. The sequence is identical in the transcribed region to a previously isolated spinach NiR cDNA clone (Back et al., 1988) except for the presence of three introns. The analysis of the genomic clones and DNA blot hybridization demonstrates that there is a single NiR gene per haploid genome in spinach. This is in contrast to what has been found for other plant species. The transcription initiation site has been determined by S1 mapping and the 5′ upstream region has been used to regulate the GUS reporter gene in transgenic tobacco plants. This gene was found to be regulated by the addition of nitrate in the transgenic plants.
AU  - Back, E.
AU  - Dunne, W.M.
AU  - Schneiderbauer, A.
AU  - De Framond, A.J.*
AU  - Rastogi, R.*
AU  - Rothstein, S.J.*
C1  - 40718
C2  - 40175
SP  - 9-18
TI  - Isolation of the spinach nitrite reductase gene promoter which confers nitrate inducibility on GUS gene expression in transgenic tobacco.
JO  - Plant Mol. Biol.
VL  - 17
IS  - 1
PY  - 1991
SN  - 0167-4412
ER  -