TY  - JOUR
AB  - Aims: The composition of soil fungal communities is known to impact tree performance. However, fungal communities differ among soils with different precipitation histories and may change during drought. This study aimed to determine the influence of soil origin and associated climate adaptation of fungal communities on European beech seedlings’ drought responses. Methods: Seedlings were established from the same seed source and grown in three soils with different precipitation histories but similar water retention properties. One year after establishment, half of the seedlings were exposed to a two-month drought with predawn leaf water potentials of about –1.5 MPa, the other half remained well-watered (control). Before and during the drought, soil and root fungal community composition, root architecture, seedling growth, carbon allocation and leaf physiology were determined. Results: The drought effect on the fungal community composition was the lowest in dry region soils, suggesting a natural adaptation of the fungal communities to dry environments. Nevertheless, contrary to our expectations, the seedlings grown in dry region soils with respective adapted fungal communities were most affected by drought. This was evidenced by a lower predawn water potential, probably due to shorter root systems with higher root branching compared to those grown in moist region soils where a greater taproot length was observed. Conclusion: Beech seedlings´ drought responses depend largely on their different rooting patterns and less on the soil fungal communities that are adapted to long-term precipitation conditions. Yet, microbial effects cannot be excluded. Future research should focus more on the role of specific microbial species on plant root growth and drought responses.
AU  - Danzberger, J.
AU  - Hikino, K.*
AU  - Landhäusser, S.M.*
AU  - Hesse, B.D.*
AU  - Meyer, S.*
AU  - Buegger, F.
AU  - Weikl, F.*
AU  - Grams, T.E.E.*
AU  - Pritsch, K.
C1  - 70892
C2  - 55800
CY  - Van Godewijckstraat 30, 3311 Gz Dordrecht, Netherlands
SP  - 49-70
TI  - Drought acclimation of beech seedlings depends largely on their rooting patterns and less on the fungal communities in soils.
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 508
IS  - 1
PB  - Springer
PY  - 2024
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Backgrounds and aims: The functioning of temperate forests may change dramatically in the future due to more extreme precipitation events. In contrast to drought effects, little is known about the reaction of soil fungi to rewatering. We studied soil fungal communities and soil enzymatic activities over a period of 3 months following rewatering after 5 years of experimental drought. Results: The most pronounced changes compared to the drought phase occurred early after rewatering in the beech root zone and were mainly attributed to litter decomposers. In the spruce zone, the relative abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECMf) was lower during the initial phase of response to rewatering but approached control levels after 3 months. The previous drought treatment was influencing the structure of the saprotrophic fungal community (SAPf) more than that of the ECMf community during rewatering. The composition of the SAPf community was associated with changes in nitrogen (mineral nitrogen: control 2.86, rewatering = 1.53), while that of the ECMf community was associated with the soil water content (control = 26%, and rewatering = 22%). Soil enzyme activities were positively correlated with the diversity and composition of SAPf communities, especially in previously drought-treated plots. In beech and mixed root zones, plant cell wall-degrading enzyme activities were elevated in rewatered plots compared with control plots, while in spruce, only cellobiohydrolase and β-glucosidase were elevated. Conclusion: Structural changes within SAPf communities associated with nitrogen dynamics correlated with enzymatic activity in response to rewatering. A low responsiveness of fungal community composition in the mixed root zone suggests its buffering capacity against fluctuating soil moisture conditions.
AU  - Mucha, J.*
AU  - Danzberger, J.
AU  - Werner, R.*
AU  - Pritsch, K.
AU  - Weikl, F.
C1  - 70164
C2  - 55434
CY  - Van Godewijckstraat 30, 3311 Gz Dordrecht, Netherlands
TI  - Effects of rewatering on soil fungi and soil enzymes in a spruce-beech forest after a 5-year experimental drought.
JO  - Plant Soil
PB  - Springer
PY  - 2024
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - The original version of the article unfortunately contained an error. Figure 2 artwork contains unconverted data. The correct figure image is shown below. (Figure presented.) Principal Coordinate Analysis based on fungal community dissimilarity (Bray-Curtis) for ALLf (a), SAPf (b) and ECMf (c). Each point represents the soil fungal community of one sample. Ellipses: 95 % confidence interval for samples from control (CO, solid line, blue points) and rewatered (RE, dotted line, red points). Shapes: tree root zones of beech-beech (round BB), spruce-spruce (triangle SS) and beech-spruce mixture (square Mix) The original article has been corrected.
AU  - Mucha, J.*
AU  - Danzberger, J.
AU  - Werner, R.*
AU  - Pritsch, K.
AU  - Weikl, F.
C1  - 70717
C2  - 55680
CY  - Van Godewijckstraat 30, 3311 Gz Dordrecht, Netherlands
TI  - Correction to: Effects of rewatering on soil fungi and soil enzymes in a spruce-beech forest after a 5-year experimental drought (Plant and Soil, (2024), 10.1007/s11104-024-06564-3).
JO  - Plant Soil
PB  - Springer
PY  - 2024
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Introduction: Apple replant disease (ARD) causes reduced growth and fruit yield and affects orchards and tree nurseries worldwide. A number of pathogens have been consistently identified as causal agents of ARD; however factors affecting disease-severity are not fully understood. Aims: We examined five soils from German tree nurseries and apple orchards featuring different soil characteristics and replant histories. We aimed to link the plant-soil interaction to replant disease severity. Methods: In a greenhouse experiment, young apple plants were grown for eight weeks on untreated and disinfected (control) soils. Growth parameters were recorded to evaluate the severity of ARD. The defence response of the plants was examined by expression analysis of ARD indicator genes (BIS3, B4H and ERF1B) and GC–MS-based detection of phytoalexins. The fungal and bacterial rhizosphere communities were investigated by ITS and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, respectively. Results: After eight weeks, ARD symptoms were observed on all soils. Growth depression was highest on soils that had faced intensive apple cultivation and lowest on a soil with only one year of apple cultivation prior to the experiment. These results correlated with increases in the BIS3 expression level and the phytoalexin content in the roots. No bacteria and fungi commonly found in increased abundance in ARD soils were consistently detected in all soils. Conclusions: Replant history influenced disease severity more than soil characteristics. ARD symptoms correlated with BIS3 expression and phytoalexin (PA) formation. PA exudation increased the relative abundance of bacterial genera with the potential ability to degrade phenolic compounds.
AU  - Orth, N.*
AU  - Krueger, J.*
AU  - Liu, B.*
AU  - Mahmoud, F.M.
AU  - Benning, S.
AU  - Beerhues, L.*
AU  - Schloter, M.
AU  - Boy, J.*
AU  - Guggenberger, G.*
AU  - Winkelmann, T.*
C1  - 72880
C2  - 56769
CY  - Van Godewijckstraat 30, 3311 Gz Dordrecht, Netherlands
TI  - Linking soil characteristics, rhizosphere microbiome composition, and plant defence reaction to apple replant disease severity.
JO  - Plant Soil
PB  - Springer
PY  - 2024
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Background and aims: Food production is threatened by direct climate change effects including drought. Indirect effects, including changes in plant-pathogen dynamics and increased susceptibility to pathogens, further exacerbate the risks. Root exudation, which plays a crucial role in plant defence against drought and pathogens, is influenced by both water stress and pathogens. However, the interactive effects of these abiotic and biotic factors are rarely studied. Methods: We conducted a controlled environment experiment to investigate the effects of moderate drought and simulated pathogen attack (using pipecolic acid, an inducer of systemic acquired resistance) on the rates of root exudation of total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) of four tomato cultivars grown in potting soil. Results: Drought increased the exudation of TOC and TN per unit of root area, while pipecolic acid did not have any significant effect. Furthermore, there was no interaction observed between the abiotic and biotic factors. However, due to the reduction in plant and root biomass caused by drought, the total exudation per plant remained similar between control and water-limited plants. Additionally, pipecolic acid reduced the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of exudates and increased the total exudation of TN. Conclusion: The increased exudation observed in drought-stressed plants may serve as a strategy to maintain root and rhizosphere activity despite reduced root growth. Notably, the impact of drought differed among the tested cultivars, highlighting their diverse levels of drought tolerance. This emphasises the importance of preserving a wide range of crop cultivars to ensure food security under increasing drought.
AU  - Preece, C.*
AU  - Yang, K.Q.*
AU  - Llusià, J.*
AU  - Winkler, J.B.
AU  - Schnitzler, J.-P.
AU  - Peñuelas, J.*
C1  - 69088
C2  - 53850
CY  - Van Godewijckstraat 30, 3311 Gz Dordrecht, Netherlands
SP  - 629–645
TI  - Combined effects of drought and simulated pathogen attack on root exudation rates of tomatoes.
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 497
PB  - Springer
PY  - 2024
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Background and aims: The characterisation of plant-available phosphorus (P) pools and the assessment of the microbial community in the rhizosheath of cover crops can improve our understanding of plant–microbe interactions and P availability. Methods: Mustard (Sinapis alba), phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia) and buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) were grown as cover crops before soybean (Glycine max) in an on-farm experiment on a soil low in available P in southwest Germany. The cycling of P through the cover crop biomass and the enzyme-availability of organic P (Porg) pools in the cover crop rhizosheath were characterised. The soil microbial community (PLFA), activity (acid and alkaline phosphomonoesterase, as well as phosphodiesterase), and microbial P were assessed. The abundance of 16S-rRNA and phoD, coding for alkaline phosphomonoesterase in bacteria, were quantified using real-time qPCR. Results: Mustard contained the greatest amount of P in its large biomass. In the rhizosheath of all cover crops, the concentration of enzyme-labile Porg was higher than that in the control bulk soil, along with substantial increases of microbial abundance and activity. There were little differences among cover crop species, few changes in the bulk soil and only a limited carryover effect to soybean, except for fungi. Conclusions: Turnover of microbial biomass, especially saprotrophic fungi, increased by rhizodeposition of cover crop roots; this was likely responsible for the observed increases in enzyme-available Porg. Microbial function was correlated linearly with microbial biomass, and the data of enzyme activity and phoD did not suggest a difference of their specific activity between bulk and rhizosheath soil.
AU  - Hallama, M.*
AU  - Pekrun, C.*
AU  - Mayer-Gruner, P.*
AU  - Uksa, M.*
AU  - Abdullaeva, Y.*
AU  - Pilz, S.*
AU  - Schloter, M.
AU  - Lambers, H.*
AU  - Kandeler, E.*
C1  - 64702
C2  - 52415
SP  - 353–373
TI  - The role of microbes in the increase of organic phosphorus availability in the rhizosheath of cover crops.
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 476
PY  - 2022
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Aims In order to counteract the enduring decreases in the quality of agricultural land, mechanistic studies for a more sustainable agricultural crop production were performed. They aimed to assess the effects of organic amendments in combination with mineral fertilizer on soil-rhizosphere microbiota and their influence on soil health and plant performance. Methods In a short-term greenhouse experiment, the effects of pelletized spent mushroom substrate, with different combinations of biochar and mineral fertilizer, on agricultural soil and performance ofHordeum vulgareL were scrutinized. To evaluate improved soil quality, different soil biological and chemical properties, microbial activity, bacterial diversity and plant performance were assessed. Results Plant performance increased across all fertilizer combinations. Bacterial beta-diversity changed from the initial to the final sampling, pointing at a strong influence of plant development on the rhizosphere with increasing abundances ofAcidobacteriaand decreasing abundances ofActinobacteria, Chloroflexi, andBacteroidetes. Microbial activity (FDA), potential enzyme activity and metabolic diversity of the microbial community (BIOLOG) were not affected by the amendments, whereas bacterial community structure changed on family level, indicating functional redundancy. Treatments containing biochar and the highest amount of mineral fertilizer (B_MF140) caused the strongest changes, which were most pronounced for the familiesXanthobacteraceae, Mycobacteriaceae,andHaliangiaceae. Conclusion Applying organic amendments improved plant performance and maintained soil health, contributing to more sustainable crop production. Nevertheless, long-term field studies are recommended to verify the findings of this short-term experiment.
AU  - Obermeier, M.
AU  - Minarsch, E.-M.L.
AU  - Durai Raj, A.C.
AU  - Rineau, F.*
AU  - Schröder, P.
C1  - 59893
C2  - 49103
CY  - Van Godewijckstraat 30, 3311 Gz Dordrecht, Netherlands
SP  - 489–506
TI  - Changes of soil-rhizosphere microbiota after organic amendment application in a Hordeum vulgare L. short-term greenhouse experiment.
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 455
PB  - Springer
PY  - 2020
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Background and aims Minirhizotrons are commonly used to study root turnover which is essential for understanding ecosystem carbon and nutrient cycling. Yet, extracting data from minirhizotron images requires extensive annotation effort. Existing annotation tools often lack flexibility and provide only a subset of the required functionality. To facilitate efficient root annotation in minirhizotrons, we present the user-friendly open source tool rhizoTrak. Methods and results rhizoTrak builds on TrakEM2 and is publicly available as Fiji plugin. It uses treelines to represent branching structures in roots and assigns customizable status labels per root segment. rhizoTrak offers configuration options for visualization and various functions for root annotation mostly accessible via keyboard shortcuts. rhizoTrak allows time-series data import and particularly supports easy handling and annotation of time-series images. This is facilitated via explicit temporal links (connectors) between roots which are automatically generated when copying annotations from one image to the next. rhizoTrak includes automatic consistency checks and guided procedures for resolving inconsistencies. It facilitates easy data exchange with other software by supporting open data formats. Conclusions rhizoTrak covers the full range of functions required for user-friendly and efficient annotation of time-series images. Its flexibility and open source nature will foster efficient data acquisition procedures in root studies using minirhizotrons.
AU  - Möller, B.*
AU  - Chen, H.*
AU  - Schmidt, T.*
AU  - Zieschank, A.*
AU  - Patzak, R.*
AU  - Türke, M.
AU  - Weigelt, A.*
AU  - Posch, S.*
C1  - 57212
C2  - 47620
CY  - Van Godewijckstraat 30, 3311 Gz Dordrecht, Netherlands
SP  - 519-534
TI  - rhizoTrak: A flexible open source Fiji plugin for user-friendly manual annotation of time-series images from minirhizotrons.
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 444
IS  - 1-2
PB  - Springer
PY  - 2019
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - The rate of nitrate (NO3 (-)) uptake and changes in rhizosphere properties were studied growing seedlings of two maize inbred lines differing in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in rhizoboxes. Changes in NO3 (-) uptake rates occurred in response to anion addition (induction) in seedlings grown both in hydroponic culture and in soil in rhizoboxes. The characterization of root exudate composition showed a line-specific metabolite profile, which was also affected by NO3 (-) availability. The induction affected respiration, nitrification, ammonification and enzyme activities of the rhizosphere. Furthermore, the composition of rhizosphere bacterial communities of the two maize lines differed suggesting the selective capacity of plants. Overall, results showed a strong and fast modification of rhizospheric soil properties in response to physiological changes in plants caused by fluctuating NO3 (-) availability.
AU  - Varanini, Z.*
AU  - Cesco, S.*
AU  - Tomasi, N.*
AU  - Pinton, R.*
AU  - Guzzo, F.*
AU  - Zamboni, A.*
AU  - Schloter-Hai, B.
AU  - Schloter, M.
AU  - Giagnoni, L.*
AU  - Arenella, M.*
AU  - Nannipieri, P.*
AU  - Renella, G.*
C1  - 52327
C2  - 43879
CY  - Dordrecht
SP  - 331–347
TI  - Nitrate induction and physiological responses of two maize lines differing in nitrogen use efficiency: Effects on N availability, microbial diversity and enzyme activity in the rhizosphere.
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 422
IS  - 1-2
PB  - Springer
PY  - 2018
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Background and aims: The endophytic bacterium Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus produces exopolysaccharides (EPS) that are required for biofilm formation and colonization of rice seedlings. Here we investigated whether EPS produced by the G. diazotrophicus strain Pal5 protects the bacteria against free radicals. Methods: EPS-mediated protection of Pal5 cells against oxidative damage was evaluated by cell counting and fluorescence microscopy. Rice seedling inoculation studies were performed to investigate the antioxidant activity of EPS during plant colonization. The expression of three bacterial antioxidant genes during plant colonization was also monitored. Results: Free radical activities were reduced in vitro by the addition of Pal5 EPS. An EPS-defective Pal5 mutant was hypersensitive to H2O2 and addition of purified EPS reversed this phenotype. Addition of EPS at the inoculation time increased colonization efficiency by the mutant strain and a similar effect was observed after addition of the antioxidant ascorbic acid. qPCR profiles of sodA, gor, and katE gene expression in the mutant confirmed the role of EPS during the initial plant colonization. Conclusions: Our results indicated that EPS produced by G. diazotrophicus protects the bacterial cells against oxidative stress in vitro and during colonization of rice plants.
AU  - Meneses, C.*
AU  - Goncalves, T.D.*
AU  - Alqueres, S.
AU  - Rouws, L.*
AU  - Serrato, R.*
AU  - Vidal, M.*
AU  - Baldani, J.I.*
C1  - 50535
C2  - 42504
CY  - Dordrecht
SP  - 1-15
TI  - Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus exopolysaccharide protects bacterial cells against oxidative stress in vitro and during rice plant colonization.
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 416
IS  - 1-2
PB  - Springer
PY  - 2017
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Background and aims: Drought reduces the carbon (C) flux from leaves (source) to mycorrhizal roots (sink); however, during recovery from drought, C flux exceeds the levels observed in irrigated controls. This process could be source- or sink-controlled. We studied this source–sink relationship in an agronomically used poplar clone grown at different levels of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilisation as used in silvoarable agroforestry systems. Methods: We conducted a fully factorial pot experiment combining four fertiliser and two drought regimes. Gas exchange and chlorophyll and flavonol indices were regularly monitored. One week after rewatering, we performed 13 CO 2 pulse labelling. At harvest, enzyme activities of ectomycorrhizal root tips were determined. Results: After one week of recovery, we observed an excess in C allocation to ectomycorrhizae (ECM) in non-N-fertilised treatments. However, net photosynthesis only recovered to the level of continuously irrigated controls. Drought increased chitinase, cellulase, phosphatase and peptidase activities, but the latter only in N-fertilised treatments. Conclusions: We add evidence that the allocation of recently assimilated C is most likely sink-controlled. Less C allocation to recovering ECM supplied with fertiliser may be either due to better nutritional status and hence higher stress tolerance, or due to partitioning between above and below-ground sinks.
AU  - Nickel, U.T.
AU  - Winkler, J.B.
AU  - Mühlhans, S.
AU  - Buegger, F.
AU  - Munch, J.C.*
AU  - Pritsch, K.
C1  - 51721
C2  - 43375
CY  - Dordrecht
SP  - 405–422
TI  - Nitrogen fertilisation reduces sink strength of poplar ectomycorrhizae during recovery after drought more than phosphorus fertilisation.
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 419
IS  - 1-2
PB  - Springer
PY  - 2017
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Background and aims: Isoprene and monoterpenes account for approximately two thirds of the biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) emitted annually by vegetation into the atmosphere. Previous research focussed on the magnitude of and controls on emissions of these two compounds by emitting plant species, while the role of soils and non-emitting plant species as potential sinks has been mostly ignored. The objective of the present study is to characterize the deposition of isoprene and α-pinene (a monoterpene) to non-emitting grassland plant mesocosms. Methods: We conducted a laboratory experiment with mesocosms of two forb and one graminoid plant species. Plants and soils together and bare soils only were subject to increasing ambient isoprene and α-pinene concentrations (0–10 ppbv) and the corresponding BVOC exchange rates were quantified. Results: Our major findings are that (i) soils were the dominant sink for the deposition of α-pinene and isoprene in grassland mesocosms, (ii) the presence of above-ground biomass of non-emitting plant species decreased the isoprene and α-pinene deposition in the majority of all cases, and (iii) the net deposition correlated inversely with the ambient concentrations. Conclusions: Our results call for a more in-depth analysis of soil BVOC exchange to better estimate the contribution of soils to the ecosystem-atmosphere BVOC exchange.
AU  - Spielmann, F.M.*
AU  - Langebner, S.*
AU  - Ghirardo, A.
AU  - Hansel, A.*
AU  - Schnitzler, J.-P.
AU  - Wohlfahrt, G.*
C1  - 49325
C2  - 41802
CY  - Dordrecht
SP  - 313-322
TI  - Isoprene and α-pinene deposition to grassland mesocosms.
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 410
IS  - 1
PB  - Springer
PY  - 2017
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Background and aims: Forest ecosystems may act as sinks for or source of atmospheric CO2. While inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilization increases aboveground tree biomass, the effects on soil and rhizosphere microorganisms are less clear, indicating potentially unpredictable changes in nutrient cycling processes maintaining ecosystem functioning. Although plant-derived carbon (C) is the main C source in soils during the vegetation period, information on the response of rhizosphere bacteria assimilating rhizodeposits to increased soil N availability mainly for trees is missing. Methods: We performed a greenhouse experiment with 13C-CO2 labelled young beech seedlings grown under different N fertilization levels. DNA Stable Isotope Probing (DNA-SIP) in combination with TRFLP and pyrosequencing enabled us to identify bacteria assimilating plant-derived C and to assess the main responders phylogenetically. Results: Although above- and belowground allocation of recently fixed photosynthates remained unchanged, microbial rhizosphere community composition was clearly affected by fertilization. Besides, we found lower 13C incorporation into microbial biomass in fertilized soil. Moreover, it could be shown that only a small subset of the rhizosphere microbiome incorporated recently fixed C into its DNA, dominated by Proteobacteria (Alpha- and Betaproteobacteria) and Actinobacteria (Actinomycetales). Conclusions: Our results suggest that N fertilization may change both the diversity of bacterial communities using rhizodeposits and assimilation rates of recently fixed photosynthates. Given the close interaction of beneficial and/or deleterious microbes and plants in the rhizosphere, this could potentially have positive or negative implications for plant performance on long-term.
AU  - Gschwendtner, S.
AU  - Engel, M.
AU  - Lueders, T.
AU  - Buegger, F.
AU  - Schloter, M.
C1  - 48544
C2  - 41145
CY  - Dordrecht
SP  - 203-215
TI  - Nitrogen fertilization affects bacteria utilizing plant-derived carbon in the rhizosphere of beech seedlings.
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 407
IS  - 1-2
PB  - Springer
PY  - 2016
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Background and aims: Selenium (Se) phytotoxicity at the cellular level disturbs the synthesis and functions of proteins, together with the generation of an oxidative stress condition. This study reveals the nitro-oxidative stress events, supplemented by a broad spectrumed characterisation of the Se-induced symptoms. Methods: Applying several, carefully selected methods, we investigated the selenite treatment-induced changes in the Se and sulphur contents, pigment composition, hydrogen peroxide level, activity of the most important antioxidative enzymes, glutathione, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite, lipid peroxidation and protein tyrosine nitration. Results: The Se content increased intensively and concentration-dependently in the organs of the treated plants, which led to altered vegetative and reproductive development. The level of the investigated reactive oxygen species and antioxidants supported the presence of the Se-induced oxidative stress, but also pointed out nitrosative changes, in parallel. Conclusions: The presented results aim to map the altered vegetative and reproductive development of Se-treated pea plants. Mild dose of Se has supportive effect, while high concentrations inhibit growth. Behind Se toxicity, we discovered both oxidative and nitrosative stress-induced modifications. Moreover, the presented data first reveals selenite-induced concentration- and organ-dependent tyrosine nitration in pea.
AU  - Lehotai, N.*
AU  - Lyubenova, L.
AU  - Schröder, P.
AU  - Feigl, G.*
AU  - Ördög, A.*
AU  - Szilágyi, K.*
AU  - Erdei, L.*
AU  - Kolbert, Z.*
C1  - 47215
C2  - 39246
CY  - Dordrecht
SP  - 107-122
TI  - Nitro-oxidative stress contributes to selenite toxicity in pea (Pisum sativum L).
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 400
IS  - 1-2
PB  - Springer
PY  - 2016
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Background and Aims: Estimates of biochar residence times in soils range over three orders of magnitude. We present the first direct comparison between the biodegradation of a char from hydrothermal carbonization (htcBC) and pyrolysis (pyrBC) with high temporal resolution. Methods: Mineralization of the biochars and their shared Miscanthus feedstock in three soils was determined directly by the 13CO2 efflux using a novel method incorporating wavelength scanned cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Biochar half-life (t1/2) was estimated with three empirical models. Results: (1) The htcBC was readily biodegradable, whereas pyrBC was more recalcitrant. (2) Cumulative degradation of both biochars increased with soil organic carbon and nitrogen content. (3) The corrected Akaike information criterion (AICC) showed an overall preference for the double exponential model (DEM) reflecting a labile and a recalcitrant C-pool, over the first-order degradation model (FODM) and a logarithmic model. (4) The DEM resulted in t1/2 ranging from 19.7-44.5, 0.7-2.1 and 0.8-1.3 years for pyrBC, htcBC and feedstock, respectively. Conclusion: The degradation was rather similar between feedstock and htcBC but one order of magnitude slower for pyrBC. The AICC preferred FODM in two cases, where the DEM parameters indicated no distinction between a labile and recalcitrant carbon pool.
AU  - Bai, M.*
AU  - Wilske, B.*
AU  - Buegger, F.
AU  - Esperschütz, J.
AU  - Kammann, C.I.*
AU  - Eckhardt, C.*
AU  - Koestler, M.*
AU  - Kraft, P.*
AU  - Bach, M.*
AU  - Frede, H.-G.*
AU  - Breuer, L.*
C1  - 28156
C2  - 32971
SP  - 375-387
TI  - Degradation kinetics of biochar from pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization in temperate soils.
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 372
IS  - 1-2
PB  - Springer
PY  - 2013
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Aims: Typha latifolia L. is an aquatic plant that has been widely exploited for the aims of phytoremediation. The main reason why we have chosen this plant species for the current study is its capacity to accumulate and detoxify heavy metals. The main topic of the investigation focused on the root uptake of copper (II) nitrate and copper (II) sulfate and the impact of different chemical copper species on the excreted organic acids. Methods: Oxalic, malic, acetic and lactic acids were determined using capillary electrophoresis; a comparison between the concentration and the time course during 7 days of treatment was performed. Results: There is a correlation between the total copper (II) sulfate concentration in the roots and the total amount of the excreted organic acids. In addition to that organic acids are involved in the detoxification mechanisms of Typha latifolia for copper (II) nitrate and copper (II) sulfate. Conclusions: Different from so far investigated plant species the highest amounts of organic acids are excreted from T. latifolia roots not in the first hours after treatment, but up to 7 days later.
AU  - Lyubenova, L.
AU  - Kuhn, A.J.*
AU  - Höltkemeier, A.*
AU  - Schröder, P.
C1  - 26178
C2  - 32108
SP  - 187-195
TI  - Root exudation pattern of Typha latifolia L. plants after copper exposure.
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 370
IS  - 1
PB  - Springer
PY  - 2013
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Background and aims Mountain birch forests dominate in the Subarctic but little is known of their nonmethane biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions. The dwarf shrubs Empetrum hermaphroditum, Vaccinium myrtillus and Vaccinium uliginosum co-dominate in the forest floors of these forests. The abundance of these three dwarf shrubs relative to each other could be affected by climate warming expected to increase nutrient availability by accelerating litter decomposition and nutrient mineralization. We 1) compared the BVOC emission profiles of vegetation covers dominated by E. hermaphroditum and V. myrtillus plus V. uliginosum in a subarctic mountain birch forest floor, 2) distinguished the BVOCs emitted from plants and soil and 3) measured how the BVOC emissions from the different vegetation covers differed under darkness. Methods BVOCs were sampled during two growing seasons using a conventional ecosystem chamberbased method, collected on adsorbent and analyzed with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.Background and aims Mountain birch forests dominate in the Subarctic but little is known of their nonmethane biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions. The dwarf shrubs Empetrum hermaphroditum, Vaccinium myrtillus and Vaccinium uliginosum co-dominate in the forest floors of these forests. The abundance of these three dwarf shrubs relative to each other could be affected by climate warming expected to increase nutrient availability by accelerating litter decomposition and nutrient mineralization. We 1) compared the BVOC emission profiles of vegetation covers dominated by E. hermaphroditum and V. myrtillus plus V. uliginosum in a subarctic mountain birch forest floor, 2) distinguished the BVOCs emitted from plants and soil and 3) measured how the BVOC emissions from the different vegetation covers differed under darkness. Methods BVOCs were sampled during two growing seasons using a conventional ecosystem chamberbased method, collected on adsorbent and analyzed with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.
AU  - Faubert, P.
AU  - Tiiva, P.*
AU  - Michelsen, A.*
AU  - Rinnan, A.*
AU  - Ro-Poulsen, H.*
AU  - Rinnan, R.*
C1  - 7944
C2  - 29927
SP  - 199-215
TI  - The shift in plant species composition in a subarctic mountain birch forest floor due to climate change would modify the biogenic volatile organic compound emission profile.
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 352
IS  - 1-2
PB  - Springer
PY  - 2012
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - To identify active diazotrophs in sugarcane, 16S rRNA and nifH transcript analyses were applied. This should help to better understand the basis of the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) activity of a high nitrogen fixing sugarcane variety. A field experiment using the sugarcane variety RB 867515 was conducted in Seropédica, RJ, Brazil, receiving the following treatments: unfertilised and fertilised controls without inoculation, unfertilised with inoculation. The five-strain mixture developed by EMBRAPA-CNPAB was used as inoculum. Root and leaf sheath samples were harvested in the third year of cultivation to analyse the 16S rRNA and nifH transcript diversity. In addition to nifH expression from Gluconacetobacter spp. and Burkholderia spp., a wide diversity of nifH sequences from previously uncharacterised Ideonella/Herbaspirillum related phylotypes in sugarcane shoots as well as Bradyrhizobium sp. and Rhizobium sp. in roots was found. These results were confirmed using 16S cDNA analysis. From the inoculated bacteria, only nifH transcripts from G. diazotrophicus and B. tropica were detected in leaf sheaths and roots. Known as well as yet uncultivated diazotrophs were found active in sugarcane roots and stems using molecular analyses. Two strains of the inoculum mix were identified at the late summer harvest.
AU  - Fischer, D.
AU  - Pfitzner, B.
AU  - Schmid, M.
AU  - Simoes-Araujo, J.L.*
AU  - Reis, V.M.*
AU  - Pereira, W.*
AU  - Ormeno-Orrillo, E.*
AU  - Hai, B.
AU  - Hofmann, A.
AU  - Schloter, M.
AU  - Martinez-Romero, E.*
AU  - Baldani, J.I.*
AU  - Hartmann, A.
C1  - 6682
C2  - 29234
SP  - 83-99
TI  - Molecular characterisation of the diazotrophic bacterial community in uninoculated and inoculated field-grown sugarcane (Saccharum sp.)
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 356
IS  - 1-2
PB  - Springer
PY  - 2012
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hartmann, A.
AU  - Reis, V.M.*
AU  - Okon, Y.*
C1  - 7755
C2  - 29880
SP  - 297-298
TI  - Obituary for Professor Robert Harza Burris.
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 356
IS  - 1-2
PB  - Springer
PY  - 2012
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Soil salinity is the major cause limiting plant productivity worldwide. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria were enriched and characterised from roots of Salicornia brachiata, an extreme halophyte which has substantial economic value as a bioresource of diverse and valuable products. Nitrogen-free semisolid NFb medium with malate as carbon source and up to 4% NaCl were used for enrichment and isolation of diazotrophic bacteria. The isolates were tested for plant growth-promoting traits and 16S rRNA, nifH and acdS genes were analysed. For selected strains, plant growth-promoting activities were tested in axenically grown Salicornia seedlings at different NaCl concentrations (0–0.5M). New halotolerant diazotrophic bacteria were isolated from roots of S. brachiata. The isolates were identified as Brachybacterium saurashtrense sp. nov., Zhihengliuella sp., Brevibacterium casei, Haererehalobacter sp., Halomonas sp., Vibrio sp., Cronobacter sakazakii, Pseudomonas spp., Rhizobium radiobacter, and Mesorhizobium sp. Nitrogen fixation as well as plant growth-promoting traits such as indole acetic acid (IAA) production, phosphate solubilisation, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase activity were demonstrated. For Brachybacterium saurashtrense and Pseudomonas sp., significant plant growth-promoting activities were observed in Salicornia in salt stress conditions. Salicornia brachiata is a useful source of new halotolerant diazotrophic bacteria with plant growth-promoting potential.
AU  - Jha, B.*
AU  - Gontia, I.*
AU  - Hartmann, A.
C1  - 6736
C2  - 29180
CY  - Dordrecht
SP  - 265-277
TI  - The roots of the halophyte Salicornia brachiata are a source of new halotolerant diazotrophic bacteria with plant growth-promoting potential.
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 356
IS  - 1-2
PB  - Springer
PY  - 2012
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - The estimation of root water uptake and water flow in plants is crucial to quantify transpiration and hence the water exchange between land surface and atmosphere. In particular the soil water extraction by plant roots which provides the water supply of plants is a highly dynamic and non-linear process interacting with soil transport processes that are mainly determined by the natural soil variability at different scales. To better consider this root-soil interaction we extended and further developed a finite element tree hydro-dynamics model based on the one-dimensional (1D) porous media equation. This is achieved by including in addition to the explicit three-dimensional (3D) architectural representation of the tree crown a corresponding 3D characterisation of the root system. This 1D xylem water flow model was then coupled to a soil water flow model derived also from the 1D porous media equation. We apply the new model to conduct sensitivity analysis of root water uptake and transpiration dynamics and compare the results to simulation results obtained by using a 3D model of soil water flow and root water uptake. Based on data from lysimeter experiments with young European beech trees (Fagus silvatica L.) is shown, that the model is able to correctly describe transpiration and soil water flow. In conclusion, compared to a fully 3D model the 1D porous media approach provides a computationally efficient alternative, able to reproduce the main mechanisms of plant hydro-dynamics including root water uptake from soil.
AU  - Janott, M.
AU  - Gayler, S.
AU  - Gessler, A.*
AU  - Javaux, M.*
AU  - Klier, C.
AU  - Priesack, E.
C1  - 6044
C2  - 28755
CY  - Dordrecht, Netherlands
SP  - 233-256
TI  - A one-dimensional model of water flow in soil-plant systems based on plant architecture.
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 341
IS  - 1-2
PB  - Springer
PY  - 2011
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - The benefits of mycorrhizas for host plants are well known for a large number of species. However, experimental evaluations of the hyphal contribution to the total water uptake and the assessment of the bulk flow velocity in the hyphae are so far contradictory. Barley (Hordeum vulgaris L. Scarlet) with the inoculum Glomus intraradices was grown in a split plant-hyphal chamber with a 5 mm air gap. During the preparation of the chambers with a loamy-silt soil, water content sensors were inserted in each of the plant and the hyphal compartments. These sensors allow non-destructive measurements with high resolution. In total, 8 drying periods with a length of several days were applied with repeated watering following each drying period. A clear decline in water content in the hyphal compartment during each drying period supports the ability of hyphae to transfer water into the plant compartment. The difference between the decline in the hyphal compartment with and without arbuscular mycorrhyzal fungi is significant at the p < 0.000001 level. The direct and indirect hyphal contribution to the total water uptake was estimated to be about 20%. The application of capacitance sensors for water content determination with a special geometry adapted to the plant-hyphal chambers allows the evaluation of the hyphal water flow with high accuracy.
AU  - Ruth, B.
AU  - Khalvati, M.*
AU  - Schmidhalter, U.*
C1  - 6418
C2  - 28634
SP  - 459-468
TI  - Quantification of mycorrhizal water uptake via high-resolution on-line water content sensors.
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 342
IS  - 1-2
PB  - Springer
PY  - 2011
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - In this study, the potential effects of a genetically modified (GM) amylopectin-accumulating potato line (Solanum tuberosum L.) on plant beneficial bacteria and fungi as well as on phytopathogens in the rhizosphere were investigated in a greenhouse experiment and a field trial. For comparison, the non-transgenic parental cultivar of the GM line and a second non-transgenic cultivar were included in the study. Rhizospheres were sampled during young leaf development (EC30) and at florescence (EC60). The microbial community composition was analysed by real-time PCR to quantify the abundances of Pseudomonas spp., Clavibacter michiganensis, Trichoderma spp. and Phytophthora infestans. Additionally, total bacterial and fungal abundances were measured. None of the examined gene abundance patterns were affected by the genetic modification when wild type and GM line were compared. However, significant differences were observed between the two natural potato cultivars, especially during the early leaf development of the plants. Furthermore, gene abundance patterns were also influenced by the plant developmental stage. Interestingly, the impact of the cultivar and the plant vegetation stage on the microbial community structure was more pronounced in field than in greenhouse. Overall, field-grown plants showed a higher abundance of microorganisms in the rhizosphere than plants grown under greenhouse conditions.
AU  - Gschwendtner, S.
AU  - Reichmann, M.*
AU  - Müller, M.*
AU  - Radl, V.*
AU  - Munch, J.-C.
AU  - Schloter, M.
C1  - 5913
C2  - 27478
SP  - 413-422
TI  - Effects of genetically modified amylopectin-accumulating potato plants on the abundance of beneficial and pathogenic microorganisms in the rhizosphere.
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 335
IS  - 1-2
PB  - Springer
PY  - 2010
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - To assess potential effects of genetically modified (GM) potatoes on the abundance and diversity of rhizobacteria with in vitro antagonistic activity in relation to natural variability among cultivars, two GM potato lines accumulating the carotenoid zeaxanthin in their tubers, the parental cultivar and four additional commercial cultivars were planted at two field sites in Germany. Rhizosphere samples were taken at three developmental stages of the plants. A total of 3,985 bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere were screened for their in vitro antagonistic activity towards Rhizoctonia solani, Verticillium dahliae and Phytophthora infestans using a dual-culture assay. Genotypic characterisation, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and antifungal metabolite analysis was performed to characterize the 595 antagonists obtained. The 16S rRNA gene-based identification of in vitro antagonists revealed strong site-dependent differences in their taxonomic composition. This study showed that the site was the overriding factor determining the proportion and diversity of antagonists from the rhizosphere of potato while the effect of the genetic modification on the proportion of antagonists obtained did not exceed natural variability among the five commercial cultivars tested.
AU  - Weinert, N.*
AU  - Meincke, R.*
AU  - Gottwald, C.*
AU  - Radl, V.
AU  - Dong, X.*
AU  - Schloter, M.
AU  - Berg, G.*
AU  - Smalla, K.*
C1  - 923
C2  - 27049
SP  - 437-452
TI  - Effects of genetically modified potatoes with increased zeaxanthin content on the abundance and diversity of rhizobacteria with in vitro antagonistic activity do not exceed natural variability among cultivars.
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 326
IS  - 1-2
PY  - 2010
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - The influence of long-term chronic ozone exposure on carbon fluxes from young beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) into the phospholipid fraction of microbial communities (PLFA) in the rhizosphere and into the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fraction was studied in a lysimeter experiment using 13C depleted CO2 over one vegetation period to identify possible changes in below ground carbon translocation processes due to the plant stress. It could be shown that microbial biomass as well as individual microbial communities and their activity pattern in the rhizosphere of young beech trees are mainly driven by the vegetation period. An increase in total microbial biomass as well as individual microbial communities was detected during the vegetation period from June to September. However, also a clear ozone effect was visible mainly at the end of the vegetation period. Enzyme activities and PLFA data indicated earlier induced plant senescence as a response to the elevated ozone treatment. Furthermore higher microbial biomass and abundance of plant C utilizing microbes was observed in elevated ozone treatments over the whole vegetation period.
AU  - Esperschütz, J.
AU  - Pritsch, K.
AU  - Gattinger, A.*
AU  - Welzl, G.
AU  - Haesler, F.
AU  - Buegger, F.
AU  - Winkler, J.B.
AU  - Munch, J.-C.
AU  - Schloter, M.
A2  - Marschner, P.*
C1  - 129
C2  - 26575
SP  - 85-95
TI  - Influence of chronic ozone stress on carbon translocation pattern into rhizosphere microbial communities of beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) during a growing season.
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 323
IS  - 1-2
PB  - Springer
PY  - 2009
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - A continuous labelling experiment using 13C-CO2 was set up in open-top chambers in order to follow fluxes of assimilates from the plant into the rhizosphere. Labelling was performed for one growing season by adding low amounts of CO2 depleted in 13C to the atmosphere of the open-top chambers, resulting in a difference of ∆ 13C 5 V-PDB compared to ambient conditions. The label was recovered in both plant parts and soil microbial communities, analysed via phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) side chains. PLFA 18:2ω6,9 showed a significant incorporation of the 13C label in October, indicating that fungi utilized plant derived carbon. In bacterial PLFA no label incorporation was detected, probably due to a lower use of rhizodeposits or a preference to older carbon compounds as energy sources. This experimental setup represents a low-cost continuous labelling method for field experiments with only minor increase of CO2 concentrations.
AU  - Esperschütz, J.A.
AU  - Gattinger, A.*
AU  - Buegger, F.
AU  - Lang, H.
AU  - Munch, J.-C.
AU  - Schloter, M.
AU  - Winkler, J.B.
C1  - 128
C2  - 26574
SP  - 21-29
TI  - A continuous labelling approach to recover photosynthetically fixed carbon in plant tissue and rhizosphere organisms of young beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) using ¹³C depleted CO₂.
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 323
IS  - 1-2
PB  - Springer
PY  - 2009
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - A lysimeter study was performed to monitor long term effects of chronic ozone enrichment on saplings of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L). After 3 years of ozone exposure a root infection with Phytophthora citricola Swada was established in the fourth year to study the interaction between elevated ozone and the root infection on the carbon budget of beech saplings. By using quantitative PCR no differences in root infection with P. citricola were observed between the ozone treatments. In contrast to the first 3 years of ozone exposure, sucrose and starch concentrations in leaves were diminished in ozone treated plants in the fourth year. The root infection reduced sucrose concentrations in leaves. Starch reserves of the heterotrophic biomass were not affected by any treatments. Thus 4 years of ozone exposure and 1 year of P. citricola root infection had only limited effect on carbohydrate metabolism in beech saplings.
AU  - Fleischmann, F.*
AU  - Winkler, J.B.
AU  - Oßwald, W.*
A2  - Mercado-Blanco, J.*
C1  - 1946
C2  - 26599
CY  - Netherlands
SP  - 75-84
TI  - Effects of ozone and Phytophthora citricola on non-structural carbohydrates of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) saplings.
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 323
IS  - 1-2
PB  - Springer
PY  - 2009
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - This simulation study is based on a lysimeter experiment with juvenile beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) which were grown under ambient or doubled ambient atmospheric ozone concentrations. The aim of the study was to analyze the role of differences in soil properties, differences in initial biomass and ozone impacts on observed plant growth variability at the eight lysimeters of this experiment. For this purpose, we established a new simulation model based on the model system Expert-N by coupling soil water and nitrogen transport models with the plant growth model PLATHO, which was already tested and applied for juvenile beech. In order to parameterize the soil model, for all lysimeters soil hydraulic parameters as well as carbon and nitrogen stocks were measured. Simulation results reveal that the observed decreased growth rates under elevated ozone are due to ozone impacts on plant growth, whereas the high plant growth variability between lysimeters is to a major part the consequence of differences in soil hydraulic properties. Differences in initial biomass are of minor importance to explain plant growth variability in this experiment.
AU  - Gayler, S.
AU  - Klier, C.
AU  - Mueller, C.W.*
AU  - Weis, W.*
AU  - Winkler, J.B.
AU  - Priesack, E.
A2  - Six, J.*
C1  - 1194
C2  - 26586
CY  - Netherlands
SP  - 125-141
TI  - Analysing the role of soil properties, initial biomass and ozone on observed plant growth variability in a lysimeter study.
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 323
IS  - 1-2
PB  - Springer
PY  - 2009
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - The rhizodeposition of plants dramatically influence the surrounding soil and its microflora. Root exudates have pronounced selective and promoting effects on specific microbial populations which are able to respond with chemotaxis and fast growth responses, such that only a rather small subset of the whole soil microbial diversity is finally colonizing roots successfully. The exudates carbon compounds provide readily available nutrient and energy sources for heterotrophic organisms but also contribute e.g. complexing agents, such as carboxylates, phenols or siderophores for the mobilization and acquisition of rather insoluble minerals. Root exudation can also quite dramatically alter the pH- and redox-milieu in the rhizosphere. In addition, not only specific stimulatory compounds, but also antimicrobials have considerable discriminatory effect on the rhizosphere microflora. In the "biased rhizosphere" concept, specific root associated microbial populations are favored based on modification of the root exudation profile. Rhizosphere microbes may exert specific plant growth promoting or biocontrol effects, which could be of great advantage for the plant host. Since most of the plant roots have symbiotic fungi, either arbuscular or ectomycorrhizal fungi, the impact of plants towards the rhizosphere extends also to the mycorrhizosphere. The selective effect of the roots towards the selection of microbes also extends towards the root associated and symbiotic fungi. While microbes are known to colonize plant roots endophytically, also mycorrhiza are now known to harbor closely associated bacterial populations even within their hyphae. The general part of the manuscript is followed by the more detailed presentation of specific examples for the selection and interaction of roots and microbes, such as in the rhizosphere of strawberry, potato and oilseed rape, where the soil-borne plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae can cause high yield losses; the potential of biocontrol by specific constituents of the rhizosphere microbial community is demonstrated. Furthermore, plant cultivar specificity of microbial communities is described in different potato lines including the case of transgenic lines. Finally, also the specific selective effect of different Medicago species on the selection of several arbuscular mycorrhizal taxa is presented.
AU  - Hartmann, A.
AU  - Schmid, M.
AU  - van Tuinen, D.*
AU  - Berg, G.*
C1  - 355
C2  - 26941
SP  - 235-257
TI  - Plant-driven selection of microbes.
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 321
IS  - 1-2
PB  - Springer
PY  - 2009
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Based on the growth-differentiation balance theory (GDB) and the influence of tropospheric ozone (O3) on plants, we hypothesized that pre-conditioning with elevated O3 reduces adverse effects of the root rot pathogen Phytophthora citricola Sawada. To this end a 2-year phytotron study with juvenile European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) grown in mixture was performed. The hypothesis was tested on phenological, leaf and root morphological as well as physiological aspects of plant performance. Contrasting with spruce, elevated O3 limited leaf and root biomass development, photosynthetic performance and N uptake of beech. The growth limitation by O3 conveyed increased resistance in beech against the pathogen. Conversely, spruce displayed enhanced susceptibility in the combined O3/P. citricola treatment. The hypothesis was supported in the case of beech rather than spruce. Nevertheless, conclusions support GDB regarding the trade-off between growth and stress defense, although compliance appears to be species-specific.
AU  - Luedemann, G.*
AU  - Matyssek, G.*
AU  - Winkler, J.B.
AU  - Grams, T.E.E.*
A2  - Bakker, P.*
C1  - 130
C2  - 26576
SP  - 47-60
TI  - Contrasting ozone x pathogen interaction as mediated through competition between juvenile European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Norway spruce (Picea abies).
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 323
IS  - 1-2
PB  - Springer
PY  - 2009
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - In a lysimeter experiment with juvenile beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) we studied the development of depth gradients of soil organic matter (SOM) composition and distribution after soil disturbance. The sampling scheme applied to the given soil layers (0-2 cm, 2-5 cm, 5-10 cm and 10-20 cm) was crucial to study the subtle reformation of SOM properties with depth in the artificially filled lysimeters. Due to the combination of physical SOM fractionation with the application of 15N-labelled beech litter and 13C-CPMAS NMR spectroscopy we were able to obtain a detailed view on vertical differentiation of SOM properties. Four years after soil disturbance a significant decrease of the mass of particulate OM (POM) with depth could be found. A clear depth distribution was also shown for carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) within the SOM fractions related to bulk soil. The mineral fractions <63 µm clearly dominated C storage (between 47 to 60% of bulk soil C) and N storage (between 68 to 86% of bulk soil N). A drastic increase in aliphatic C structures concomitant to decreasing O/N-alkyl C was detected with depth, increasing from free POM to occluded POM. Only a slight depth gradient was observed for 13C but a clear vertical incorporation of 15N from the applied labelled beech litter was demonstrated probably resulting from faunal and fungal incorporation. We clearly demonstrated a significant reformation of a SOM depth profile within a very short time of soil evolution. One important finding of this study is that especially in soils with reforming SOM depth gradients after land-use changes selective sampling of whole soil horizons can bias predictions of C and N dynamics as it overlooks a potential development of gradients of SOM properties on smaller scales.
AU  - Mueller, C.W.*
AU  - Brüggemann, N.*
AU  - Pritsch, K.
AU  - Stoelken, G.*
AU  - Gayler, S.
AU  - Winkler, J.B.
AU  - Kögel-Knabner, I.*
A2  - Hinsinger, P.*
C1  - 852
C2  - 26553
SP  - 111-123
TI  - Initial differentiation of vertical soil organic matter distribution and composition under juvenile beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees.
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 323
IS  - 1-2
PB  - Springer Netherlands
PY  - 2009
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - The still most abundant air pollutant, tropospheric ozone, leads to severe oxidative stress in plants. To investigate the ozone responsiveness of trees, we carried out a microarray analysis of beech saplings, grown around a free air lysimeter station in the years 2005 and 2006. The microarrays revealed ozone-responsive expressed sequence tags (ESTs), derived from a suppression subtractive hybridisation cDNA library. Chronic ozone exposure effects were investigated at different time points throughout the whole vegetation period in 2005 and 2006. Significantly regulated ESTs were calculated with R-packages. Different transcript patterns in both years could be related to weather conditions and consequential a different ozone uptake. Fewer transcriptome changes were found in 2005 compared to 2006. Induction of ESTs involved in cell structure, related to stress response and cell walls, signal transduction, as well as disease and defence in July and August indicated ozone-related stress responses in both years. An early response to ozone on primary metabolism, or, more precisely, on plant growth and photosynthesis, was observed in July and August particularly in the year 2006. This study demonstrated a clear transcriptional ozone response of juvenile beech, the most important deciduous tree in Central Europe, under free air conditions.
AU  - Olbrich, M.
AU  - Gerstner, E.
AU  - Welzl, G.
AU  - Winkler, J.B.
AU  - Ernst, D.
A2  - Liang, Y.C.*
C1  - 186
C2  - 26592
CY  - Netherlands
SP  - 61-74
TI  - Transcript responses in leaves of ozone-treated beech saplings seasons at an outdoor free air model fumigation site over two growing seasons.
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 323
IS  - 1-2
PB  - Springer
PY  - 2009
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - The aim was to study the influence of abiotic (elevated ozone) or biotic stress (Phytophthora citricola) or their combination on soil biological components and processes in the rhizosphere of young beech trees. Ectomycorrhizal and overall microbial community composition was studied at two soil depths in a lysimeter experiment with 7 year old trees of Fagus sylvatica. As a functional parameter, potential enzyme activities were measured in mycorrhizosphere soil and on excised mycorrhizal tips. The degree of mycorrhization, structure and potential enzymatic activities of mycorrhizal communities were only slightly influenced by treatments. Soil enzyme activities were depressed under elevated ozone and stimulated by P. citricola under ambient but not under elevated ozone. Overall microbial community composition (PLFA) and ectomycorrhizal diversity changed with depth. PLFA analyses not only suggested a reaction of the microbial community to elevated ozone but also indicated an increase in plant stress related components. No influence of the biotic stress on ectomycorrhizal or overall microbial community structure was detected. Changes in the mycorrhizosphere community structure and function due to ozone may be explained by the quality of plant derived carbon.
AU  - Pritsch, K.
AU  - Esperschütz, J.
AU  - Haesler, F.
AU  - Raidl, S.*
AU  - Winkler, B.
AU  - Schloter, M.
A2  - Kuyper, T.W.*
C1  - 1624
C2  - 26645
CY  - Netherlands
SP  - 97-109
TI  - Structure and activities of ectomycorrhizal and microbial communities in the rhizosphere of Fagus sylvatica under ozone and pathogen stress in a lysimeter study.
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 323
IS  - 1-2
PB  - Springer
PY  - 2009
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schloter, M.
AU  - Matyssek, R.*
C1  - 725
C2  - 26500
CY  - Dordrecht
SP  - 1-5
TI  - Tuning growth versus defence - belowground interactions and plant resource allocation.
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 323
IS  - 1-2
PB  - Springer
PY  - 2009
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - An experiment, focusing on the effects of chronically enhanced O3 regimes on young beech (Fagus sylvatica) and on the microbial rhizosphere community structure, was conducted from November 2002 to August 2006 in eight field lysimeters at the Helmholtz Zentrum München. The instrumentations of the lysimeters enabled the establishment of the water balance in the unsaturated zone and the assessment of the water uptake by plants. Further, the containment provided by the lysimeters made it possible to apply a root rot pathogen infection without contaminating the surrounding soil. A free-air fumigation system allowed to double the O3 concentration in the air above four lysimeters relative to the ambient air. To avoid damage of the leaves the maximum O3 concentration was limited to 150 nL L−1. For nearly 70% of the time the set-point concentration was reached within 10%. In the final harvest the whole soil column was retrieved and a nearly complete data-set of above-ground and below-ground parameters became available.
AU  - Winkler, J.B.
AU  - Lang, H.
AU  - Graf, W.
AU  - Reth, S.
AU  - Munch, J.-C.
A2  - Ambus, P.*
C1  - 454
C2  - 26646
CY  - Netherlands
SP  - 7-19
TI  - Experimental setup of field lysimeters for studying effects of elevated ozone and below-ground pathogen infection on a plant-soil-system of juvenile beech (Fagus sylvatica L.).
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 323
IS  - 1-2
PB  - Springer
PY  - 2009
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - The impact of chronic free air ozone (O-3) exposure and belowground pathogen stress on growth and total biomass development of young beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) was investigated in a lysimeter study. Plants were growing during four years under ambient or elevated atmospheric O-3 concentrations. Additionally, in the last vegetation period the root rot pathogen Phytophthora citricola was introduced to study the interaction of ozone exposure and pathogen stress in the soil-plant system. A complete harvest at the end of the experiment enabled for the first time the assessment of fine and coarse root biomass of individual trees with a high vertical resolution down to two meter depth. Plant growth was significantly reduced by elevated ozone but not affected by P. citricola. Biomass partitioning between fine and coarse roots as well as vertical root distribution were significantly affected by both factors, whereas changes in root/shoot biomass ratio were not observed.
AU  - Winkler, J.B.
AU  - Fleischmann, F.*
AU  - Gayler, S.
AU  - Scherb, H.
AU  - Matyssek, R.*
AU  - Grams, T.E.E.*
C1  - 1919
C2  - 26503
CY  - Dordrecht, NL
SP  - 31-44
TI  - Do chronic aboveground O₃ exposure and belowground pathogen stress affect growth and belowground biomass partitioning of juvenile beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.)?
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 332
IS  - 1-2
PB  - Springer
PY  - 2009
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Lorenz Hiltner is recognized as the first scientist to coin the term 'rhizosphere' in 1904. His scientific career and achievements are summarized in this essay. Most of his research he performed in the Bavarian Agriculture–Botanical Institute (later named the 'Bavarian Institute of Plant Growth and Plant Protection') in Munich, where he was the director from 1902 to 1923. Beginning with intensive and thorough investigations on the germination and growth of different crop plants (legumes and non-legumes) Hiltner became convinced, that root exudates of different plants support the development of different bacterial communities. His definition of the “rhizosphere” in the year 1904 centered on the idea, that plant nutrition is considerably influenced by the microbial composition of the rhizosphere. Hiltner observed bacterial cells even inside the rhizodermis of healthy roots. In analogy with fungal root symbionts, Hiltner named the bacterial community that is closely associated with roots “bacteriorhiza.” In his rhizosphere concept, Hiltner also envisioned, that beneficial bacteria are not only attracted by the root exudates but that there are also “uninvited guests,” that adjust to the specific root exudates. Based on his observations he hypothesized that “the resistance of plants towards pathogenesis is dependent on the composition of the rhizosphere microflora.” He even had the idea, that the quality of plant products may be dependent on the composition of the root microflora. In addition to his scientific achievements, Hiltner was very dedicated to applied work. Together with F. Nobbe he had the first patent on Rhizobium inoculants (Nitragin). He continuously improved formulations and the effectivity of the Rhizobium preparations and he also initiated seed dressing with sublimate for plant protection of seedlings. Thus, Hiltner tightly linked breakthroughs in basic research to improved rhizosphere management practices. In addition, he wrote a pioneering monograph on plant protection for everybody’s practical use. His emphasis on understanding microbes in the context of their micro-habitat, the rhizosphere, made him a pioneer in microbial ecology. Even now, in the era of genome and postgenome analysis with our better understanding of plant nutrition and soil bacteriology, his ideas and contributions are as fresh as they were more than 100 years ago.
AU  - Hartmann, A.
AU  - Rothballer, M.
AU  - Schmid, M.
C1  - 1162
C2  - 25812
SP  - 7-14
TI  - Lorenz Hiltner, a pioneer in rhizosphere microbial ecology and soil bacteriology research.
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 312
IS  - 1-2
PB  - Kluwer
PY  - 2008
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Climate change will increase the recurrence of extreme weather events such as drought and heavy rainfall. Evidence suggests that extreme weather events pose threats to ecosystem functioning, particularly to nutrient cycling and biomass production. These ecosystem functions depend strongly on below-ground biotic processes, including the activity and interactions among plants, soil fauna, and micro-organisms. Here, experimental grassland and heath communities of three phytodiversity levels were exposed either to a simulated single drought or to a heavy rainfall event. Both weather manipulations were repeated for two consecutive years. The magnitude of manipulations imitated the local 100-year extreme weather event. Heavy rainfall events increased below-ground plant biomass and stimulated soil enzyme activities as well as decomposition rates for both plant communities. In contrast, extreme drought did not reduce below-ground plant biomass and root length, soil enzyme activities, and cellulose decomposition rate. The low responsiveness of the measured ecosystem properties in face of the applied weather manipulations rendered the detection of significant interactions between weather events and phytodiversity impossible. Our data indicate on the one hand the close interaction between below ground plant parameters and microbial turnover processes in soil; on the other hand it shows that the plant–soil system can buffer against extreme drought events, at last for the period of investigation.
AU  - Kreyling, J.*
AU  - Beierkuhnlein, C.*
AU  - Elmer, M.*
AU  - Pritsch, K.
AU  - Radovski, M.*
AU  - Schloter, M.
AU  - Wöllecke, J.*
AU  - Jentsch, A.*
C1  - 3788
C2  - 25363
SP  - 175-188
TI  - Soil biotic processes remain remarkably stable after 100-year extreme weather events in experimental grassland and heath.
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 308
IS  - 1-2
PB  - Kluwer
PY  - 2008
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - A survey of the stable isotope content of tissue waters of plants from the Negev desert was conducted. Large differences were observed in the extent of enrichment of the heavy isotopes in leaf water relative to local precipitation among different plants. This is apparently caused by the species-dependent stratagems adopted by the plants to cope with water stress, primarily by differences in the depth of water uptake in the soil and through the timing of stomatal openings during the daily cycle. Salt stressed plants showed extreme variability in the isotopic composition of leaf-water. The results show that plants with adaptation to arid conditions can avoid the transpiration regime, which would lead to the strong isotopic enrichment in their leaf water expected under arid conditions. This has implications for the use of stable isotopes in plants as indicators of either plant ecophysiology or paleoclimate.
AU  - Gat, J.R.*
AU  - Yakir, D.*
AU  - Goodfriend, G.*
AU  - Fritz, P.
AU  - Trimborn, P.
AU  - Lipp, J.
AU  - Gev, I.*
AU  - Adar, E.*
AU  - Waisel, Y.*
C1  - 4337
C2  - 24651
SP  - 31-45
TI  - Stable isotope composition of water in desert plants.
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 298
IS  - 1-2
PB  - Kluwer
PY  - 2007
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miltner, A.*
AU  - Kopinke, F.-D.*
AU  - Kindler, R.*
AU  - Selesi, D.
AU  - Hartmann, A.
AU  - Kästner, M.*
C1  - 5279
C2  - 22896
SP  - 193-203
TI  - Non-phototrophic CO2 fixation by soil microorganisms.
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 269
PY  - 2005
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Reth, S.
AU  - Hentschel, K.*
AU  - Drösler, M.*
AU  - Falge, E.*
C1  - 3995
C2  - 23005
SP  - 349-363
TI  - DenNit - Experimental analysis and modelling of soil N2O efflux in response on changes of soil water content, soil temperature, soil pH, nutrient availability and the time after rain event.
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 272
PY  - 2005
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Milling, A.*
AU  - Smalla, K.*
AU  - Maidl, F.X.*
AU  - Schloter, M.
AU  - Munch, J.-C.
C1  - 2793
C2  - 22347
SP  - 251-268
TI  - Effects of transgenic potatoes with an altered starch composition on the diversity of soil and rhizosphere bacteria and fungi.
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 264
PY  - 2004
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mayer, J.*
AU  - Buegger, F.
AU  - Jensen, E.S.*
AU  - Schloter, M.
AU  - Hess J.*
C1  - 9937
C2  - 21057
SP  - 1-14
TI  - Residual nitrogen contribution from grain legumes to succeeding wheat and rape and related microbial process. 
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 11
PY  - 2003
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Endophytic diazotrophic bacteria could be isolated from the energy plants Pennisetum purpureum, Miscanthus sinensis, Miscanthus sacchariflorus and Spartina pectinata using semisolid nitrogen free media. Higher levels of diazotrophic bacteria were found if no nitrogen fertilizer was applied. The bacteria were characterized on the basis of typical morphology, physiological tests, and the use of phylogenetic oligonucleotide probes. They belong partially to the species Azospirillum lipoferum and Herbaspirillum seropedicae while others supposedly represent a new species of Herbaspirillum. Using PCR-fingerprinting techniques a limited genetic diversity of these isolates was found which may indicate an adaptation to the specific conditions of the interior of these plants.
AU  - Kirchhof, G.
AU  - Reis, V.M.*
AU  - Baldani, J.I.*
AU  - Eckert, B.
AU  - Döbereiner, J.*
AU  - Hartmann, A.
C1  - 23111
C2  - 31183
SP  - 45-55
TI  - Occurrence, physiological and molecular analysis of endophytic diazotrophic bacteria in gramineous energy plants.
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 194
IS  - 1-2
PB  - Kluwer Academic Publishers
PY  - 1997
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burries, R.H.
AU  - Hartmann, A.
AU  - Zhang, Y.-Y.
AU  - Fu, H.
C1  - 19818
C2  - 12967
SP  - 127-134
TI  - Control of nitrogenase in Azospirillum sp.
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 137
PY  - 1991
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - In the genus Azospirillum tolerance towards high concentrations of sodium chloride, sucrose or polyethylene glycol increased in the order A. amazonense A. lipoferum A. brasilense and A. halopraeferens. In A. brasilense and A. halopraeferens the compatible solutes trehaloseglutamate and an unknown compound were identified. A. halopraeferens only could convert choline to the potent compatible solute glycine betaine. Acetobacter diazotrophicus tolerated high concentrations of sucrose and polyethylene glycol, but was very sensitive towards sodium chloride. In contrast to the more osmotolerant Azospirillum spp. amino acids such as glutamate, serine and histidine were efficiently utilized as carbon and nitrogen sources and betaine, choline and proline did not relieve osmotic stress. New halotolerant bacteria (strains BE and TC) were isolated from the rhizosphere of rice growing in alkaline, saline soil in India. They were oxidase-positive, Gram-negative, very motile bacteria, which showed pleomorphic growth. In semisolid nitrogen free mineral medium they grew and fixed nitrogen microaerobically. These isolates required sodium ions for growth and they tolerated up to 2 M sodium chloride in nitrogen containing mineral medium. At osmotic stress conditions the efficient compatible solute ectoine was synthesized.
AU  - Hartmann, A.
AU  - Prabhu, S.R.
AU  - Galinski, E.A.
C1  - 40729
C2  - 40186
SP  - 105-109
TI  - Osmotolerance of diazotrophic rhizosphere bacteria.
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 137
IS  - 1
PY  - 1991
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - The uptake and distribution of Ca in white cabbage have been measured under controlled climatic conditions. The uptake of Ca has been determined by continuous β-intensity measurements of45Ca simultaneously at an outer transpiring leaf and at an inner head leaf. In the outer leaves the Ca content increased during the day in dependence of the transpiration amplitude. With-in the inner head leaves Ca was transported mainly during the night when the head mass additionally measured by γ-absorption increased due to the increasing plant water potential. At the end of the experiment the stable and active Ca concentration has been measured.
AU  - Wiebe, H.J.*
AU  - Schätzler, H.P.
AU  - Kühn, W.
C1  - 41806
C2  - 35683
SP  - 409-416
TI  - On the movement and distribution of calcium in white cabbage in dependence of the water status.
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 48
IS  - 2
PY  - 1977
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - The unique characteristic of the phototrophic purple and green sulfur bacteria as well as of members of the purple nonsulfur bacteria is their ability to oxidize H2S to sulfate under anaerobic conditions in the course of their anoxigenic photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide - assimilated into cell material - is the electron acceptor of this oxidation process. Thus, a reoxidation of the H2S formed under anaerobic conditions by sulfate reducing bacteria is achieved without the consumption of molecular oxygen. Five different types of complete or incomplete oxidation of H2S and elemental sulfur to sulfate carried out by different species and genera of the phototrophic bacteria are described. The simplest biological systems catalyzing a complete microbial sulfur cycle had been verified experimentally with anaerobic illuminated mixed pure cultures of Desulfovibrio and Chromatium or Chlorobium. These systems are closed with respect to the sulfur cycle; they depend, however, on the supply of both reducing power for the sulfate reducers and light energy for the phototrophs. The special conditions for the mass development of the phototrophic sulfur bacteria under conditions of competition with aerobic colourless sulfur bacteria are characterized. The significance and catalytic role of the sulfur cycle for the degradation of organic material under anaerobic conditions is demonstrated. The phototrophic bacteria are shown to be beneficial for the higher forms of life in lakes.
AU  - PFENNIG, N.
C1  - 41500
C2  - 38102
SP  - 1-16
TI  - The phototrophic bacteria and their role in the sulfur cycle.
JO  - Plant Soil
VL  - 43
IS  - 1
PY  - 1975
SN  - 0032-079X
ER  -