TY  - JOUR
AB  - Earlier studies based on 2-photon imaging have shown that glymphatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) transport is regulated by the sleep-wake cycle. To examine this association, we used 3DISCO whole-body tissue clearing to map CSF tracer distribution in awake, sleeping and ketamine-xylazine anesthetized mice. The results of our analysis showed that CSF tracers entered the brain to a significantly larger extent in natural sleep or ketamine-xylazine anesthesia than in wakefulness. Furthermore, awake mice showed preferential transport of CSF tracers in the rostro-caudal direction towards the cervical and spinal cord lymphatic vessels, and hence to venous circulation and excretion by the kidneys. The study extends the current literature by showing that CSF dynamics on the whole-body scale is controlled by the state of brain activity.
AU  - Miyakoshi, L.M.*
AU  - Stæger, F.F.*
AU  - Li, Q.*
AU  - Pan, C.
AU  - Xie, L.*
AU  - Kang, H.*
AU  - Pavan, C.*
AU  - Dang, J.*
AU  - Sun, Q.*
AU  - Ertürk, A.
AU  - Nedergaard, M.*
C1  - 68076
C2  - 54554
CY  - The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford Ox5 1gb, England
TI  - The state of brain activity modulates cerebrospinal fluid transport.
JO  - Prog. Neurobiol.
VL  - 229
PB  - Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd
PY  - 2023
SN  - 0301-0082
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Here, we discuss the identity, heterogeneity and functions of radial glial cells mostly in the developing central nervous system (CNS). First, we define radial glial cells by morphological, cell biological and molecular criteria as true glial cells, akin to astroglia. We then describe the appearance of radial glial cells during neural development as a precursor intermediate between immature neuroepithelial cells and differentiating progeny. Then we review the diverse progeny arising in different lineages from radial glial cells as observed by clonal analyses and time-lapse imaging. This leads us to discuss the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of the lineage heterogeneity of radial glial cells - including their diversity in distinct regions of the CNS. We conclude by considering the possible mechanisms allowing neurogenic radial glial cells to persist into adulthood in various vertebrate classes ranging from fish to birds, while neurogenic glial cells become restricted to few small regions of the adult forebrain in mice and men.
AU  - Pinto, L.
AU  - Götz, M.
C1  - 3536
C2  - 24681
SP  - 2-23
TI  - Radial glial cell heterogeneity--the source of diverse progeny in the CNS.
JO  - Prog. Neurobiol.
VL  - 83
IS  - 1
PB  - Elsevier
PY  - 2007
SN  - 0301-0082
ER  -