TY - JOUR AB - La Commission internationale de protection radiologique (CIPR) a initié un examen et une révision du système de radioprotection afin de mettre à jour les recommandations générales de 2007 dans la Publication 103 de la CIPR. Il s’agit du début d’un processus de plusieurs années qui nécessite une collaboration ouverte et transparente avec les organismes et les personnes du monde entier. Bien que le système soit robuste et efficace, il convient de l’adapter à l’évolution des connaissances scientifiques et de la société afin de demeurer adapté aux besoins. Le présent document vise à encourager les discussions sur les domaines du système qui pourraient bénéficier le plus d’un examen, et à engager des initiatives de collaboration. Le renforcement de la clarté et de la cohérence constitue une priorité. Plus le degré de compréhension du système est élevé, plus il est possible de l’appliquer efficacement, ce qui se traduit par une amélioration de la protection et une harmonisation accrue. De nombreux domaines pourraient faire l’objet d’un examen, notamment : la classification des effets, avec un accent particulier sur les réactions tissulaires ; la reformulation du détriment radiologique, qui pourrait inclure les maladies non cancéreuses ; la réévaluation de la relation entre le détriment et la dose efficace, et la possibilité de définir des détriments pour les hommes et les femmes et différentes classes d’âge ; la variation de la réponse individuelle à l’exposition aux rayonnements ; les effets héréditaires ; les effets et risques pour le biote non humain et les écosystèmes. Certains des concepts de base sont également examinés, notamment le cadre permettant de réunir la protection des personnes et de l’environnement, les améliorations progressives des principes fondamentaux de justification et d’optimisation, une approche plus large de la protection des personnes et la clarification des situations d’exposition introduites en 2007. En outre, la CIPR envisage de déterminer dans quels cas l’incorporation explicite des fondements éthiques dans le système présenterait un avantage, comment mieux refléter l’importance des échanges et de l’implication des parties prenantes, et de donner des conseils supplémentaires sur l’éducation et la formation. La CIPR invite à répondre à ces questions et à d’autres liées à l’examen du système de radioprotection. AU - Clément, C.* AU - Rühm, W.* AU - Harrison, J.* AU - Applegate, K.E.* AU - Cool, D.* AU - Larsson, C.-M.* AU - Cousins, C.* AU - Lochard, J.* AU - Bouffler, S.* AU - Cho, K.* AU - Kai, M.* AU - Laurier, D.* AU - Liu, S.* AU - Romanov, S.* C1 - 65596 C2 - 52378 SP - 93-106 TI - Maintenir les recommandations de la CIPR adaptées aux besoins. JO - Radioprotection VL - 57 IS - 2 PY - 2022 SN - 0033-8451 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Emergency preparedness and response systems for nuclear and radiological emergencies have to deal with decision-making in situations with relevant uncertainties. Consistent and appropriate protective measures must be decided before, during and after emergency situations. CONFIDENCE WP2 research helps to improve this decision-making process in the urgent response and the early response phase of emergency situations with potential major releases to atmosphere. This paper describes methods to reduce uncertainties in dose assessment for the population using data from stationary and mobile environmental monitoring programs. A special focus is given to identification of the measurement uncertainties of stationary and mobile monitoring systems. Methods to reduce these uncertainties and procedures to optimise mobile monitoring strategies are discussed. A first contribution towards assessing the quality of dose-rate measurements performed by the general population is made. In addition, the paper introduces approaches for advanced dose assessment tools using monitoring data and concepts for identifying critically exposed groups. AU - Bleher, M.* AU - Gering, F.* AU - Stoehlker, U.* AU - Karhunen, T.* AU - Nalbandyan-Schwarz, A.* AU - Woda, C. AU - Mafodda, A. C1 - 59734 C2 - 49025 CY - 17, Ave Du Hoggar, Pa Courtaboeuf, Bp 112, F-91944 Les Ulis Cedex A, France SP - S81-S88 TI - Reduction of uncertainties in exposure assessment based on environmental monitoring data. JO - Radioprotection VL - 55 IS - HS1 PB - Edp Sciences S A PY - 2020 SN - 0033-8451 ER - TY - CONF AB - The CONFIDENCE dissemination workshop "Coping with uncertainties for improved modelling and decision making in nuclear emergencies"was held in December 2-5, 2019 (Bratislava, Slovak Republic). About 90 scientists and decision makers attended the workshop. The dissemination workshop allowed the presentation of the CONFIDENCE project results, demonstration of the applicability of the developed methods and tools in interactive discussion sessions and the collection of feedback from the participants. The results were disseminated not only in the form of presentations and posters but also through interactive workshops where all participants were involved in round table working groups. A fictive accidental release scenario taking place at a nuclear power plant was developed and used by each work package in the workshop to provide the basis for interactive sessions and discussions. AU - Duranova, T.* AU - Bedwell, P.* AU - Beresford, N.A.* AU - Bleher, M.* AU - Gering, F.* AU - Geertsema, G.* AU - Hamburger, T.* AU - Kaiser, J.C. AU - Korsakissok, I.* AU - Leadbetter, S.J.* AU - Montero, M.* AU - Mueller, T.* AU - Oughton, D.* AU - Perko, T.* AU - Raskob, W.* AU - Tomás, J.* AU - Turcanu, C.* AU - de Vries, H.* AU - Walsh, L.* AU - Woda, C. C1 - 59738 C2 - 49029 CY - 17, Ave Du Hoggar, Pa Courtaboeuf, Bp 112, F-91944 Les Ulis Cedex A, France SP - S17-S37 TI - CONFIDENCE dissemination meeting: Summary on the scenario-based workshop. JO - Radioprotection VL - 55 IS - HS1 PB - Edp Sciences S A PY - 2020 SN - 0033-8451 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The aim of CONFIDENCE WP2 is to improve the situation awareness in the early phase of a nuclear accident by trying to reduce the uncertainty in individual dose assessment when dealing with external and internal exposures. Main WP2 research actions to improve external dosimetry in this emergency frame were the development of destruction-free protocols using electronic components in smartphones for external dose measurements, Monte Carlo (MCNP) calculations for organ dose assessment with associated uncertainties and the organization of a workshop for integration of biodosimetry into emergency response. On the other hand, one of the main concerns after the release of radioactive material in case of a nuclear reactor accident is the intake of radioiodines in workers and population. A smartphone/tablet application for direct calculation of thyroid doses from monitoring data of the content of 131I (and 132I) in the thyroid was developed during the project (Prototype of processing unit for thyroid dose monitor [IDOSE]). Up to date age-dependent ICRP dose per content values are used by this tool, allowing a rapid screening of exposed persons. A sensitivity analysis on thyroid doses was carried out, considering 16 exposure scenarios leading to 16 different dose estimates, using ICRP56/119 (ICRP60) vs. ICRP130/137 iodine models for adults, varying the time of intake, the time pattern (acute vs. chronic) and considering not well defined relative abundance of short-lived radioiodines and 132Te. Real cases of Europeans contaminated in Japan shortly after the Fukushima NPP accident (low doses), and artificial cases of high doses generated to see the impact of the different parameters in this study, were used for applying this multi-intake scenario approach. Main conclusions of the study are presented here. AU - López, M.A.* AU - Berkovskyy, V.* AU - Ratia, G.* AU - Challeton-de-Vathaire, C.* AU - Davesne, E.* AU - Eakins, J.* AU - Franck, D.* AU - Giussani, A.* AU - Gregoratto, D.* AU - Hernandez, C.* AU - Kulka, U.* AU - Mafodda, A. AU - Marsh, J.W.* AU - Navarro, J.F.* AU - Oestreicher, U.* AU - Perez, B.* AU - Sierra, I.* AU - Woda, C. C1 - 59735 C2 - 49026 CY - 17, Ave Du Hoggar, Pa Courtaboeuf, Bp 112, F-91944 Les Ulis Cedex A, France SP - S89-S93 TI - Improvements in individual dose measurement techniques following nuclear emergencies. JO - Radioprotection VL - 55 IS - HS1 PB - Edp Sciences S A PY - 2020 SN - 0033-8451 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The project CONFIDENCE (COping with uNcertainties For Improved modelling and DEcision making in Nuclear emergenCiEs) performed research on identifying and reducing uncertainties in the release and post-release phases of an emergency. The project started in January 2017 as part of the European Joint Programme CONCERT. It brought together 31 partners from 18 countries and involved members of five European Radiation Protection Platforms namely ALLIANCE, EURADOS, MELODI, NERIS and SHARE. The work program included research on early phase modelling and monitoring considering weather, source term and monitoring uncertainties. Consideration of social, ethical and communication aspects was a key part of our activities. This comprised strategy development in the transition phase together with stakeholder interaction, understanding of the population and which uncertainties are relevant for decision-making. Finally, formal decision aiding techniques were investigated and tested. AU - Raskob, W.* AU - Beresford, N.A.* AU - Duranova, T.* AU - Korsakissok, I.* AU - Mathieu, A.* AU - Montero, M.* AU - Mueller, T.* AU - Turcanu, C.* AU - Woda, C. C1 - 59736 C2 - 49027 CY - 17, Ave Du Hoggar, Pa Courtaboeuf, Bp 112, F-91944 Les Ulis Cedex A, France SP - S7-S15 TI - CONFIDENCE: Project description and main results. JO - Radioprotection VL - 55 IS - HS1 PB - Edp Sciences S A PY - 2020 SN - 0033-8451 ER - TY - CONF AB - The project CONFIDENCE (COping with uNcertainties For Improved modelling and DEcision making in Nuclear emergenCiEs) final dissemination event attracted 88 participants to review and discuss the project results and provide ideas for future research work. The workshop highlighted progress in understanding uncertainties in all phases of an emergency. It was also demonstrated that consideration of uncertainties are important when developing countermeasure strategies. Stakeholder engagement as well as societal and ethical aspects in decision making have to be considered. Formal decision making tools were improved and tested. In addition, CONFIDENCE participants, representatives of international organisations and end users, provided their ideas on research needs and the way forward. AU - Raskob, W.* AU - Beresford, N.A.* AU - Duranova, T.* AU - Korsakissok, I.* AU - Mathieu, A.* AU - Montero, M.* AU - Mueller, T.* AU - Turcanu, C.* AU - Woda, C. C1 - 59737 C2 - 49028 CY - 17, Ave Du Hoggar, Pa Courtaboeuf, Bp 112, F-91944 Les Ulis Cedex A, France SP - S39-S43 TI - Confidence: Achievements and way forward. JO - Radioprotection VL - 55 IS - HS1 PB - Edp Sciences S A PY - 2020 SN - 0033-8451 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The development and application of new European software for cancer risk assessment after radiation exposure from a nuclear accident is described here. This software computes lifetime risks for several types of cancer and is intended to provide information for consideration by decision makers in the urgent and transition phases of nuclear emergencies. Such information on radiation related cancer risks can be useful to consider in the identification of protective measures (e.g., sheltering, evacuation, allocation of individuals to screening programmes and advice to take thyroid protection medication) in a differential way (i.e., for particularly susceptible sub-groups of a population). A description and application of the software for converting dose limits applicable after nuclear accidents into corresponding cancer risks, based on German population data, has already been published. Therefore, only a brief description of the main features of the software and some new illustrative results based on Swiss population data are given here, with some additional information on the input and output specification of the software. AU - Walsh, L.* AU - Ulanowski, A. AU - Kaiser, J.C. AU - Woda, C. AU - Raskob, W.* C1 - 59733 C2 - 49024 CY - 17, Ave Du Hoggar, Pa Courtaboeuf, Bp 112, F-91944 Les Ulis Cedex A, France SP - S95-S99 TI - A new European cancer risk assessment tool for application after nuclear accidents. JO - Radioprotection VL - 55 IS - HS1 PB - Edp Sciences S A PY - 2020 SN - 0033-8451 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Locations of gamma dose rate sensors have often been chosen by administrative or geometrical criteria. Nowadays computational capacity allows for a more realistic basis. We use simulations of potential radioactive plumes based on weather data of one year to investigate the threats to regions without own nuclear power plants and to find good numbers and locations of sensors to detect such plumes. We optimise sensor locations by minimising a cost function that can take into account numbers of undetected plumes, their dose to the region in general, or on the population. Besides we assess the effect of administrative constraints, be it that sensors have to cover administrative units, or that optimisation is done for sub-regions separately. Finally we evaluate the robustness of the approach if less or other plumes are used. The main findings are that sensors at boundaries are often best, but also typical paths of plumes may be important, and that administrative constraints may necessitate much more sensors. The small numbers of sensors actually deployed in these regions seem sufficient. However, the latter may be an artefact of the low number of plumes we considered. Altogether, combined with other considerations, this approach can contribute to better decisions about gamma dose rate sensor locations. AU - Helle, K.B.* AU - Urso, L. AU - Astrup, P.* AU - Mikkelsen, T.* AU - Kaiser, J.C. AU - Pebesma, E.* AU - Rojas-Palma, C.* AU - Holo, E.* AU - Dyve, J.E.* AU - Raskob, W.* C1 - 7167 C2 - 29507 SP - 55-61 TI - Planning sensor locations for the detection of radioactive plumes for Norway and the Balkans. JO - Radioprotection VL - 46 IS - 6 PB - EDP Sciences PY - 2011 SN - 0033-8451 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Urban Areas Working Group is part of the International Atomic Energy Agency’s EMRAS II (Environmental Modelling for Radiation Safety) Programme. The goal of this Working Group is to test and improve the capabilities of models used in assessment of radioactive contamination in urban settings, including dispersion and deposition events, short- and long-term contaminant redistribution following deposition events, and potential countermeasures or remediation efforts for reducing human exposures and doses. The Working Group has developed three modeling exercises, which are designed to permit intercomparison of model predictions and, in one case, comparison of model predictions with measurements. This paper describes the scenarios and provides comparisons of initial modeling results. Reasons for similarities and discrepancies among model predictions are discussed in terms of the modeling approaches, models, and parameter values used by different assessors. Preliminary conclusions emphasize the value of explaining individual approaches and the importance of understanding the effects of different assumptions and parameter values on the modeling results. AU - Thiessen, K. M.* AU - Andersson, K.G.* AU - Berkovskyy, V.* AU - Charnock, T.W.* AU - Chouhan, S.L.* AU - de With, G.* AU - Duran, J.* AU - Fuka, V.* AU - Helebrant, J.* AU - Hulka, J.* AU - Hwang, W.T.* AU - Kuca, P.* AU - Mancini, F.* AU - Navarro, E.* AU - Perianez, R.* AU - Prouza, Z.* AU - Sdouz, G.* AU - Tomás, J.* AU - Trifunovic, D.* AU - Urso, L. AU - Walter, H.* C1 - 10548 C2 - 30284 SP - 601-607 TI - Assessing emergency situations and their aftermath in urban areas: The EMRAS II Urban Areas Working Group. JO - Radioprotection VL - 46 IS - 6 PB - EDP Sciences PY - 2011 SN - 0033-8451 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The ERMIN model is a new implement developed to enable estimation of the radiological consequences in inhabited areas of accidents in nuclear installations. Similarly, AGRICP is a model developed to enable estimation of the radiological consequences of contamination of agricultural production areas. This paper provides a short overview of the background of the two models and describes the features enabled through their implementation in the ARGOS decision support system. The integration allows calculation of both dose rates and doses in particular areas, and can be used to evaluate the effectiveness and costs of countermeasure strategies. AU - Jacobsen, L.H.* AU - Andersson, K.G.* AU - Charnock, T.W.* AU - Kaiser, J.C. AU - Gering, F.* AU - Hoe, S.C.* AU - Juul Larsen, L.* C1 - 32787 C2 - 35296 SP - S191-S198 TI - Implementation in ARGOS of ERMIN and AGRICP. JO - Radioprotection VL - 45 IS - 5 PY - 2010 SN - 0033-8451 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Within the EURANOS project data assimilation (DA) approaches have been successfully applied in two areas to improve the predictive power of simulation models used in the RODOS and ARGOS decision support systems. For the areas of atmospheric dispersion modelling and of modelling the fate of radio-nuclides in urban areas the results of demonstration exercises are presented here. With the data assimilation module of the RIMPUFF dispersion code, predictions of the gamma dose rate are corrected with simulated readings of fixed detector stations. Using the DA capabilities of the IAMM package for mapping the radioactive contamination in inhabited areas, predictions of a large scale deposition model have been combined with hypothetical measurements on a local scale. In both examples the accuracy of the model predictions has been improved and the uncertainties have been reduced. AU - Kaiser, J.C. AU - Gering, F.* AU - Astrup, P.* AU - Mikkelsen, T.* C1 - 5778 C2 - 27674 SP - 123-131 TI - Data assimilation approaches in the EURANOS project. JO - Radioprotection VL - 45 IS - 5 PB - EDP Sciences PY - 2010 SN - 0033-8451 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The European Model for Inhabited Areas (ERMIN) was developed to allow a user to explore different recovery options following the contamination of an urban environment with radioactive material and to refine an appropriate strategy for the whole region affected. The input data include a description of the environment, initial deposition of radionuclides on to a reference surface and a description of countermeasures. Output information includes the average doses to members of the public from external exposure to gamma and beta radiation from deposited radionuclides and inhalation of resuspended radioactivity, the contamination on urban surfaces, the activity concentration in air from resuspension, the doses to workers undertaking the recovery work, the quantity and activity of waste generated and the cost and work required to implement the countermeasure. ERMIN has been designed to be implemented as a tool that supports the approach of decision-makers and allows the area to be broken down into smaller regions where different conditions prevail and different countermeasure packages are enacted. AU - Charnock, T.W.* AU - Jones, J.A.* AU - Singer, L.N.* AU - Andersson, K.G.* AU - Roed, J.* AU - Thykier-Nielsen, S.* AU - Mikkelsen, T.* AU - Astrup, P.* AU - Kaiser, J.C. AU - Müller, H. AU - Pröhl, G. AU - Raskob, W.* AU - Hoe, S.C.* AU - Jacobsen, L.H.* AU - Schou-Jensen, L.* AU - Gering, F.* C1 - 518 C2 - 26905 SP - 407-412 TI - Calculating the consequences of recovery, a European model for inhabited areas. JO - Radioprotection VL - 44 IS - 5 PY - 2009 SN - 0033-8451 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In this paper we use the FASSET framework to estimate absorbed dose rates for biota within the Chernobyl exclusion zone. The estimated doses are compared to observed biological effects within the Chernobyl exclusion zone and effects expected from summaries of existing knowledge and the extent of contamination. Although paucity of observations under conditions of chronic irradiation makes direct comparison difficult, the biological effects observed in the Chernobyl exclusion zone over the period considered here (1988-2003) are broadly in agreement with those which may have been expected. AU - Beresford, N.A.* AU - Wright, S.M.* AU - Barnett, C.L.* AU - Hingston, J.L.* AU - Vives i Battle, J.* AU - Copplestone, D.* AU - Kryshev, I.I.* AU - Sazykina, T.G.* AU - Pröhl, G. AU - Arkhipov, A.* AU - Howard, B.J.* C1 - 8823 C2 - 41947 SP - S299-S305 TI - A case study in the Chernobyl zone Part 2: Predicting radiation induced effects in biota. JO - Radioprotection VL - 40 PB - EDP Sciences PY - 2005 SN - 0033-8451 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kowe, R.* AU - Mobbs, S.* AU - Pröhl, G. AU - Bergström, U.* AU - Kanyar, B.* AU - Olyslægers, G.* AU - Zeevaert, T.* AU - Simon, I.* C1 - 8824 C2 - 23178 SP - S701-S706 TI - Application of biosphere models in the BIOMOSA project: A comparative assessment of five European radioactive waste disposal sites. JO - Radioprotection VL - 40 PB - EDP Sciences PY - 2005 SN - 0033-8451 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tschiersch, J. AU - Shinonaga, T. AU - Heuberger, H.* C1 - 4945 C2 - 23159 SP - 471-476 TI - Dry deposition of particulate Cs-134 to several leafy vegetable species and comparison to deposition of gaseous radioiodine. JO - Radioprotection VL - 40 PB - EDP Sciences PY - 2005 SN - 0033-8451 ER -