TY - JOUR AB - INTRODUCTION: Depressive symptoms are highly prevalent in adolescence, highlighting the need for early identification of precursors. Research into psychopathological symptoms predicting depressive psychopathology in adolescents is therefore of great relevance. Moreover, given that the prevalence of depressive symptomatology in adolescence shows marked differences between girls and boys, insight into potential sex-specific differences in precursors is important. METHODS: This study examined the relationships between emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, peer problems, and difficulties in prosocial behaviour at age 10 (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire), and the presence of depressive symptoms at age 15 (Depression Screener for Teenagers). Using data from 2824 participants of the GINIplus and LISA birth cohorts, the association of each SDQ subscale at age 10 years with the presence of depressive symptoms at age 15 years was analyzed using sex-specific logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: Emotional problems [odds ratio (OR) 1.99, p = 0.002 for boys and OR 1.77, p < 0.001 for girls] and peer problems (OR 2.62, p < 0.001 for boys, OR 1.91, p = 0.001 for girls) at age 10 showed an increased risk for the presence of depressive symptoms at age 15. Additionally, boys with conduct problems at age 10 were at greater risk of showing depressive symptoms in adolescence (OR 2.50, p < 0.001). DISCUSSION: Based on the identified prospective relationships in our study, it might be of particular importance to tailor prevention approaches during childhood to peer and emotional problems to reduce the risk of depressive psychopathology in adolescence. Moreover, particularly in boys, it seems important to also target conduct problems in childhood as a precursor of depressive symptoms in the adolescent period. AU - Greimel, E.* AU - Adams, L.* AU - Zsigo, C.* AU - Berdel, D.* AU - von Berg, A.* AU - Koletzko, S.* AU - Bauer, C.P.* AU - Schikowski, T.* AU - Herberth, G.* AU - Heinrich, J. AU - Schulte-Körne, G.* AU - Standl, M. C1 - 64788 C2 - 52484 SP - 1627-1639 TI - Psychopathological symptoms as precursors of depressive symptoms in adolescence: A prospective analysis of the GINIplus and LISA birth cohort studies. JO - Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. VL - 57 IS - 8 PY - 2022 SN - 0933-7954 ER - TY - JOUR AB - OBJECTIVE: Exploring the relationship of exposure to a traumatic event and the subsequent onset of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the population. METHODS: Posttraumatic stress disorder was assessed using the Impact of Event Scale (IES), Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS) and interview data. Logistic regression analyses with sex, age, marital status, educational level and traumatic event characteristics were performed. Prevalences were standardised to the sex and age distribution of the German population. RESULTS: A total of 41 % of the subjects reported exposure to a trauma, leading to full PTSD in 1.7 % and to partial PTSD in 8.8 % of the participants. Logistic regression revealed accidents (OR 2.5, 95 % CI 1.3-4.7), nonsexual assault by known assailants (4.5, 2.1-9.8), combat/war experiences (5.9, 2.0-17.4), life-threatening illness (4.9, 2.7-8.9) and interpersonal conflicts (15.5, 2.5-96.0) as risk factors for full PTSD; risk factors for partial PTSD were accidents (3.2, 2.4-4.3), sexual (4.6, 2.2-9.6) or nonsexual (2.3, 1.4-3.8) assault by known assailants, life-threatening illness (6.2, 4.6-8.3), death of relatives (5.0, 3.2-7.8) and interpersonal conflicts (22.0, 8.3-58.1). CONCLUSIONS: Of subjects exposed to traumatic events, only a minority developed PTSD indicating a relationship between characteristics of the exposure and the individual and the onset of PTSD. AU - Lukaschek, K. AU - Kruse, J.* AU - Emeny, R.T. AU - Lacruz, M.E. AU - von Eisenhart Rothe, A. AU - Ladwig, K.-H. C1 - 11218 C2 - 30554 SP - 525-532 TI - Lifetime traumatic experiences and their impact on PTSD: A general population study. JO - Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. VL - 48 IS - 4 PB - Springer PY - 2013 SN - 0933-7954 ER - TY - JOUR AB - BACKGROUND: Smoking and heavy alcohol use predicts suicidal behaviour. Whether the simultaneous presentation of both conditions induces an amplified effect on risk prediction has not been investigated so far. METHODS: In a community-based cohort study, a total of 12,888 subjects (6,456 men, 6,432 women; age range of 25-74 years at assessment) from three independent population-based cross-sectional MONICA surveys (conducted in 1984/85, 1989/90, and 1994/95), representative for the Southern German population, was followed up until 31 December 2002. Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) for deaths from suicide using German population rates were calculated for smoking and high alcohol consumption. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up time of 12.0 (SD 4.4) years and 154,275 person-years at risk, a total of 1,449 persons had died from all causes and 38 of them from suicide. Compared to the general population, mortality from suicide was increased for risky alcohol consumption (SMR = 2.37; 95% CI 1.14-4.37) and for smoking (SMR = 2.30; 95% CI 1.36-3.63). A substantial increase in suicide mortality (SMR = 4.80; 95% CI 2.07-9.46) was observed for smokers with risky alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS: The approximately fourfold increased relative risk for completed suicide in subjects with smoking and risky alcohol consumption indicates a synergistic effect which deserves an increased alertness. AU - Schneider, B.* AU - Baumert, J.J. AU - Schneider, A.E. AU - Marten-Mittag, B.* AU - Meisinger, C. AU - Erazo, N.* AU - Hammer, G.P.* AU - Ladwig, K.-H. C1 - 6761 C2 - 29224 SP - 1127-1132 TI - The effect of risky alcohol use and smoking on suicide risk: Findings from the German MONICA/KORA-Augsburg Cohort Study. JO - Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. VL - 46 IS - 11 PB - Springer PY - 2011 SN - 0933-7954 ER - TY - JOUR AB - OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have associated mental distress and disorders with increased health care utilization and costs. However, most studies have selected subjects from treatment facilities or have applied retrospective designs. METHODS: N = 3,300 subjects from the baseline cohort of the Study of Health in Pomerania were followed up 5 years later. Mental distress was assessed with the SF-12 Health Survey and the Composite Diagnostic Screener for mental disorders. Two-part econometric models were applied adjusting for medical confounders and baseline services use. RESULTS: At 5-year follow-up somatization at baseline predicted an increase of inpatient (+39.9%) and outpatient costs (+11.9%). Depression predicted an increase of inpatient (+24.1%) and outpatient costs (+8.9%). Comorbidity of somatization and depression and somatization and anxiety predicted an increase in overall health care costs of > or =50%. CONCLUSION: Simple and time-efficient screening procedures for mental disorders may help to identify subjects at risk for increased future health care utilization. Standardized therapeutic interventions should be evaluated in subjects at risk in primary care. AU - Grabe, H.J.* AU - Baumeister, S.E. AU - John, U.* AU - Freyberger, H.J.* AU - Völzke, H.* C1 - 1657 C2 - 27051 SP - 835-844 TI - Association of mental distress with health care utilization and costs: A 5-year observation in a general population. JO - Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. VL - 44 IS - 10 PY - 2009 SN - 0933-7954 ER - TY - JOUR AB - BACKGROUND: Overall, decreasing suicide mortality rates were observed in the last decades in most Western populations. However, it remains unclear, whether these favourable trends occurred uniformly in particular suicide methods. Therefore, the present study evaluated time trends of suicide mortality by method in Germany over the period 1991-2002. METHODS: A total of 145,865 fatal suicide cases of men and women aged >or=15 years and with available suicide method were recorded by the Federal Statistical Office of Germany (suicides coded "death following a suicide attempt" were excluded). Based on these data, seven different suicide methods were defined. Poisson regression was used to estimate the age-adjusted annual percentage change (AAPC) of the number of each suicide method. RESULTS: The most frequently used suicide methods in both sexes were hanging, strangling or suffocation (HSS) with 55.8% in men and 39.9% in women, followed by self-poisoning. Statistically significant declines of the number of suicides were observed, in descending order, for self-poisoning, drowning and HSS in both sexes. In contrast, methods using firearm discharges or stab with a sharp object remained in roughly constant level. Modifications of time trends were observed for several methods by age classes. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates different time trends for suicide methods. Further examinations are recommended in particular concerning possible reasons for the choice of a suicidal method. AU - Baumert, J.J. AU - Erazo, N.* AU - Ruf, E. AU - Ladwig, K.-H. C1 - 1587 C2 - 26314 CY - Berlin [u.a.] SP - 913-919 TI - Time trends in suicide mortality vary in choice of methods: An analysis of 145,865 fatal suicide cases in Germany 1991-2002. JO - Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. VL - 43 IS - 11 PB - Springer PY - 2008 SN - 0933-7954 ER -