TY - JOUR AB - © 2015 Taylor & Francis The speciation of trace metals in surface sediment in Kisumu Carwash area of Winam Gulf, was studied and results compared with those found at Usoma beach which was found to be several orders of magnitude less polluted. High proportions of the metals were bioavailable (fractions 1–6) with BA% ranging from 21.7% (Al) to 94.5% (Pb) at Carwash and 19.6% (Al) to ∼100% (for Cd and Pb) at Usoma beach. The readily mobilizable fraction (fractions 1–4) decreased in the order: Pb > Mn > Sn > Cu > Co > Zn > Mg > Cd > Mo > Ni > Cr > Fe > Al at Carwash and Mn > Mo > Sn > Pb > Cd > Mg > Cu > Zn > Co > Ni > Fe > Cr > Al at Usoma beach. The total Zn, Cd, Cr, and Cu sediment concentrations at Carwash were higher than the threshold effect concentrations (TECs), although their bioavailable concentrations were lower than these limits. Both the total and bioavailable concentrations of Pb in surface sediment at Kisumu Carwash area were higher than the TEC threshold limit indicating significant contamination from this heavy metal. Although there was a general good agreement on data obtained by sequential extraction as compared with those obtained by direct aqua-regia digestion, there were large discrepancies for some specific metal analytes which could be accounted for in terms of analytical variations and lack of uniformity in physical and chemical composition of the sediment samples analyzed. AU - Ongeri, D.M.K.* AU - Lalah, J.O.* AU - Michalke, B. AU - Schramm, K.-W. C1 - 44565 C2 - 37006 CY - Abingdon SP - 1489-1500 TI - Speciation study of trace elements in surface sediment of Winam Gulf, Lake Victoria, by sequential extraction, aqua-regia acid digestion, and ICP-OES. JO - Toxicol. Environ. Chem. VL - 96 IS - 10 PB - Taylor & Francis Ltd PY - 2015 SN - 0277-2248 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Although use of pesticides is critical in agricultural production, their residues present a potential risk to non-target organisms and lower the quality of surface water. In Kenya for instance, widespread use of pesticides in the catchment of Lake Naivasha, has raised concern over the years due to possible pollution of the lake through discharge of runoff from agricultural fields. In this study, sediment, water, and fish samples were analyzed for selected pesticide residue contamination. Chlorpyrifos-ethyl (CPF) was detected in the range of 2.6-24.9 ng/ml and 6.8-35.8 ng/g dry weight (dw) in water and sediment, respectively. Meanwhile, diazinon was detected in the range of below detection limit (bdl) to 33.3 ng/ml and bdl to 9.3 ng/g dw in water and sediment, respectively. CPF was detected in fish tissues (Niloticus leucosticus) in the range of bdl to 8.9 ng/g dw with diazinon and carbofuran not detected in any fish sample. A significant difference was observed between different seasons with wet season recording higher levels. Concentrations detected varied seasonally and on average exceeded the maximum criterion set by European Union. Therefore, data generated in this study are useful in environmental risk assessment and as a baseline in formulation of mitigation measures to protect the lake from pesticides residues pollution. AU - Otieno, P.O. AU - Okinda Owuor, P.* AU - Lalah, J.O.* AU - Pfister, G. AU - Schramm, K.-W. C1 - 31903 C2 - 34875 CY - Abingdon SP - 51-61 TI - Monitoring the occurrence and distribution of selected organophosphates and carbamate pesticide residues in the ecosystem of Lake Naivasha, Kenya. JO - Toxicol. Environ. Chem. VL - 97 IS - 1 PB - Taylor & Francis Ltd PY - 2015 SN - 0277-2248 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A study to compare the extent of atrazine mineralization in soils from Kenyan sugarcane-cultivated fields with and without history of atrazine use was carried out in the laboratory under controlled conditions. The study was testing the hypothesis that repeated atrazine application to soil will not result in enhanced atrazine mineralization. The study was carried out with 14C-uniformly ring-labeled atrazine in a laboratory under controlled conditions. Atrazine mineralization to 14CO2 in soil with no history of atrazine use was negligible (0.16%) after 163 days of soil incubation. The three metabolites hydroxyatrazine, desisopropylatrazine, and desethylatrazine in the proportion of 17.7%, 1.3%, and 2.6%, respectively, were in the soil after 75 days. In the soil from the sugarcane-cultivated field with history of atrazine use, atrazine mineralization was 89.9% after 98 days. The same soil, amended with mature compost, showed a lag phase of eight days before rapid atrazine mineralization was observed. AU - Getenga, Z.M.* AU - Dörfler, U. AU - Schroll, R. C1 - 67 C2 - 26332 SP - 195-207 TI - Study of atrazine degradation in soil from Kenyan sugarcane-cultivated fields in controlled laboratory conditions. JO - Toxicol. Environ. Chem. VL - 91 IS - 2 PB - Taylor & Francis PY - 2009 SN - 0277-2248 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Trace metals were determined in the two most abundant fish species in the Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria (Lates niloticus and Rastrineobola argentea). The results show that the concentratios of the metals have no significant difference (p < 0.05) among the different sampling sites for each species. This situation was attributed to the mobility trends of fish. The abundance trend of the metals in L. niloticus was Fe>Cu>Pb>Cd, while that of Rastrineobola argentea was Zn>Fe>Cu>Pb>Cd. The difference in the trends was attributed to the fact that Rastrineobola argentea is consumed wholly, while the internal organs of L. niloticus are gotten rid of before consumption. This same reason explains why the concentrations of the metals were significantly higher in Rastrineobola argentea compared to those in L. niloticus. Rastrineobola argentea was found to be a major source of trace metals intake by humans. AU - Ongeri, D.M.K.* AU - Lalah, J.O.* AU - Wandiga, S.O.* AU - Schramm, K.-W. AU - Michalke, B. C1 - 1071 C2 - 26308 SP - 233-240 TI - Trace metals in Lates niloticus and Rastrineobola argentea samples for human consumption at Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria. JO - Toxicol. Environ. Chem. VL - 91 IS - 2 PB - Taylor & Francis PY - 2009 SN - 0277-2248 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Neamtu, M.* AU - Yediler, A. AU - Siminiceanu, I.* AU - Macoveanu, M.* AU - Kettrup, A. C1 - 21820 C2 - 20027 SP - 31-40 TI - Photodegration of Reactive Yellow 84 Azo-Dye in Aqueous Solution. JO - Toxicol. Environ. Chem. VL - 78 PY - 2000 SN - 0277-2248 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In response to the need for finding chemical information we have set up a system to identify and access appropriate data-sources. This Information System for Environmental Chemicals consists of the following meta-databanks: DAMA: Databank of Manual Sources DADB: Databank of Databases DACD: Databank of CD-ROMs Data fields of theDatabank of Databases (DADB) will be explained in detail. Online databases of 12 international hosts including two Russian hosts and CD-ROMs (offline databases) are evaluated and compared according to some chemical-relevant parameters like identification, production and use, detection in the environment, physical-chemical properties, environmental transport and fate, ecotoxicity, mammalian toxicity and genotoxicity. AU - Voigt, K. AU - Matthies, M. AU - Pepping, T. C1 - 34122 C2 - 35437 SP - 83-92 TI - Information system for environmental chemicals comparison and evaluation of meta-databanks of data-sources. JO - Toxicol. Environ. Chem. VL - 40 IS - 1-4 PY - 1993 SN - 0277-2248 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Beyerle-Pfnür, R. AU - Burkhardt, G. AU - Peither, A. AU - Lay, J.-P. C1 - 18162 C2 - 11024 SP - 367-373 TI - Chronic ecotoxicity of 3,4-dichloroaniline to freshwater ecosystems. JO - Toxicol. Environ. Chem. VL - 31-32 PY - 1991 SN - 0277-2248 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brüggemann, R. AU - Trapp, S. C1 - 18158 C2 - 11020 SP - 489-492 TI - Models Predicting the Fate of Pollutants in Rivers. JO - Toxicol. Environ. Chem. VL - 31/32 PY - 1991 SN - 0277-2248 ER - TY - JOUR AU - El-Nagar, M. AU - Pfister, G. AU - Bahadir, M. AU - Korte, F. C1 - 18157 C2 - 11019 TI - Preparation and Release Characteristics of Controlled Release Molluscicide Formulations. JO - Toxicol. Environ. Chem. PY - 1991 SN - 0277-2248 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hustert, K. AU - Moza, P.N. AU - Pouyet, B. C1 - 18416 C2 - 11063 SP - 97-102 TI - Photocatalytic Degradation of S-triazine Herbicides. JO - Toxicol. Environ. Chem. VL - 31/32 PY - 1991 SN - 0277-2248 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lahaniatis, E.S. AU - Bergheim, W. AU - Bieniek, D. C1 - 18431 C2 - 11080 SP - 521-526 TI - Formation of 2,3,7,8-Tetrabromodibenzodioxin and -Furan by Thermolysis of Polymers Containing Brominated Flame Retardants. JO - Toxicol. Environ. Chem. VL - 31-32 PY - 1991 SN - 0277-2248 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Matthies, M. AU - Behrendt, H. C1 - 18139 C2 - 10999 SP - 357-365 TI - Pesticide Transport Modelling in Soil for Risk Assessment of Groundwater Contamination. JO - Toxicol. Environ. Chem. VL - 31/32 PY - 1991 SN - 0277-2248 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Moza, P.N. AU - Hustert, K. AU - Leoff, S. C1 - 18420 C2 - 11068 SP - 103-106 TI - Photochemical Transformations of Selected Organic Chemicals in two Phase System. JO - Toxicol. Environ. Chem. VL - 31-32 PY - 1991 SN - 0277-2248 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yediler, A. AU - Kettrup, A. AU - Nüßlein, F. AU - Korte, F. C1 - 19360 C2 - 12444 SP - 119-125 TI - Mobility of O-cresol in Sandy Soil in the Presence of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate. JO - Toxicol. Environ. Chem. VL - 31-32 PY - 1991 SN - 0277-2248 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zelles, L. AU - El-Kabbany, S. AU - Scheunert, I. C1 - 19608 C2 - 12717 SP - 177-181 TI - The Interrelationship Between Biological Effects and the Persistence of Pentachlorophenol and HGCL2 in Various Soils. JO - Toxicol. Environ. Chem. VL - 30 PY - 1991 SN - 0277-2248 ER - TY - JOUR AU - El-Nagar, M. AU - Pfister, G. AU - Bahadir, M. AU - Korte, F. C1 - 18278 C2 - 11499 TI - Preparation and Release Characteristics of Controlled Release Molluscicide Formulations. JO - Toxicol. Environ. Chem. PY - 1990 SN - 0277-2248 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hoque, E. AU - Hutzler, P.J.S. AU - Hiendl, H. C1 - 17858 C2 - 10775 SP - 209-215 TI - Studies on Reflective Features of Norway Spruce and Their Possible Applications in Remote Sensing of Forest Damage. Presented at the ECOINFORMA Conference. JO - Toxicol. Environ. Chem. VL - 27 PY - 1990 SN - 0277-2248 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kutz, F.W. AU - Barnes, D.G. AU - Bretthauer, E.W. AU - Bottimore, D.P. AU - Greim, H. C1 - 18363 C2 - 11555 SP - 99-109 TI - The International Toxicity Equivalency Factor (I-TEF) Method for Estimating Risks associated with Exposures to Complex Mixtures of Dioxins and Related Compounds. JO - Toxicol. Environ. Chem. VL - 26 PY - 1990 SN - 0277-2248 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lay, J.-P. AU - Herrmann, M.E. C1 - 18402 C2 - 11604 SP - 409-416 TI - Ecotoxicological effects of trichloroethene upon plankton. JO - Toxicol. Environ. Chem. VL - 31 IS - 1 PY - 1990 SN - 0277-2248 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Voigt, K. AU - Benz, J. AU - Matthies, M. AU - Mücke, W. C1 - 19364 C2 - 12448 SP - 221-236 TI - Data-sources for Environmental Chemicals: Databank of Data-sources and Strategy for Computer-aided Searches. JO - Toxicol. Environ. Chem. VL - 25 PY - 1990 SN - 0277-2248 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Becker, F. AU - Lach, G. AU - Parlar, H. C1 - 17782 C2 - 10693 SP - 203-208 TI - Analysis of Insecticide 'Toxaphene' in Fish Products. JO - Toxicol. Environ. Chem. VL - 20-21 PY - 1989 SN - 0277-2248 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Greim, H. AU - Sterzl, H. AU - Lilienblum, W. AU - Mücke, W. C1 - 18901 C2 - 11262 SP - 191-206 TI - Indoor Air Pollution: A Review. JO - Toxicol. Environ. Chem. VL - 23 PY - 1989 SN - 0277-2248 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lahaniatis, E.S. AU - Bergheim, W. AU - Rainer, C. C1 - 17885 C2 - 11205 SP - 501-506 TI - Hazardous Halogenated Substances Formed During Combustion Processes. JO - Toxicol. Environ. Chem. VL - 20-21 PY - 1989 SN - 0277-2248 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mansour, M. AU - Feicht, E. AU - Méallier, P. C1 - 17262 C2 - 10173 SP - 139-147 TI - Improvement of the Photostability of Selected Substances in Aqueous Medium. JO - Toxicol. Environ. Chem. VL - 20/21 PY - 1989 SN - 0277-2248 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Takenaka, S. AU - Glaser, U. AU - Oldiges, H. C1 - 18454 C2 - 11106 TI - Morphological Effects of CDO-aerosols on the Rat Lung. JO - Toxicol. Environ. Chem. PY - 1989 SN - 0277-2248 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Voget, M. C1 - 17615 C2 - 10549 SP - 199-202 TI - Bees and Beeproducts as Biological Indicators of Environmental Contamination: an Economical Alternative Way of Monitoring Pollutants. JO - Toxicol. Environ. Chem. VL - 20-21 PY - 1989 SN - 0277-2248 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Heilmaier, H.E. AU - Greim, H. AU - Summer, K.H. C1 - 17528 C2 - 10454 TI - Metallothionein Induction in Mice by CCl4: Hepatic Zn-Status and Distribution of Administered Cd. JO - Toxicol. Environ. Chem. PY - 1988 SN - 0277-2248 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Voigt, K. AU - Benz, J. AU - Mücke, W. C1 - 17560 C2 - 10489 TI - Set-up of Databanks of Data Sources for Environmental Chemicals. JO - Toxicol. Environ. Chem. PY - 1988 SN - 0277-2248 ER -