TY - JOUR AB - Viral hepatitis is an acute or chronic liver disease due to the infection from Hepatitis A, B, C, D and E viruses. It can cause severe liver damage such as cirrhosis, liver failure and liver cancer. To avoid such fatal complications, hepatitis patients must be diagnosed, pathologized and treated as soon as possible. Furthermore, these hepatitis viruses infect through different routes, resulting in distinct disease pathologies, severity and even the need for specific treatment strategies to combat the infection. AU - Verma, H.K. AU - Prasad, K.* AU - Kumar, P. AU - Lvks, B.* C1 - 65087 C2 - 52664 SP - 1718-1721 TI - Viral hepatitis: A global burden needs future directions for the management. JO - World J. Gastroenterol. VL - 28 IS - 16 PY - 2022 SN - 1007-9327 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The role of alcoholic and other beverage consumption in the etiology of gastric cancer is unknown. Several studies have summarized and established a significant association between heavy alcohol consumption and gastric cancer risk, but evidence on alcohol-related cancer risk is conflicting. AU - Verma, H.K. AU - Bhaskar, L.V.K.S.* C1 - 64056 C2 - 51692 CY - 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, Ca, United States SP - 2216-2218 TI - Gender differences in the relationship between alcohol consumption and gastric cancer risk are uncertain and not well-delineated. JO - World J. Gastroenterol. VL - 13 IS - 12 PB - Baishideng Publishing Group Inc PY - 2021 SN - 1007-9327 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Patients with severe liver disease who have been infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (coronavirus disease 2019) frequently develop acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure, with a high mortality rate, as a result of the hyper-proinflammatory state known as the cytokine storm. Clinicians must recognize cytokine storms earlier to avoid intensive care admission and multi-organ damage, a critical life-threatening condition with prognostic and therapeutic implications. AU - Verma, H.K. AU - Bhaskar, L.* C1 - 64028 C2 - 51697 SP - 7855-7858 TI - SARS-CoV-2 infection in people with pre-existing liver disease: Further research is warranted. JO - World J. Gastroenterol. VL - 27 IS - 45 PY - 2021 SN - 1007-9327 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a global health threat with more than 15 million humans affected. Current treatment options are largely unsatisfactory leaving chronically infected humans at high risk to develop liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HDV is the only human satellite virus known. It encodes only two proteins, and requires Hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope protein expression for productive virion release and spread of the infection. How HDV could evolve and why HBV was selected as a helper virus remains unknown. Since the discovery of Na+-taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide as the essential uptake receptor for HBV and HDV, we are beginning to understand the interactions of HDV and the immune system. While HBV is mostly regarded a stealth virus, that escapes innate immune recognition, HBV-HDV coinfection is characterized by a strong innate immune response. Cytoplasmic RNA sensor melanoma differentiation antigen 5 has been reported to recognize HDV RNA replication and activate innate immunity. Innate immunity, however, seems not to impair HDV replication while it inhibits HBV. In this review, we describe what is known up-to-date about the interplay between HBV as a helper and HDV's immune evasion strategy and identify where additional research is required. AU - Jung, S. AU - Altstetter, S. AU - Protzer, U. C1 - 59495 C2 - 48829 CY - 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, Ca, United States SP - 2781-2791 TI - Innate immune recognition and modulation in hepatitis D virus infection. JO - World J. Gastroenterol. VL - 26 IS - 21 PB - Baishideng Publishing Group Inc PY - 2020 SN - 1007-9327 ER - TY - JOUR AB - AIMTo investigate whether the adipocytes derived hormone adiponectin (ADPN) affects the mechanical responses in strips from the mouse gastric fundus.METHODSFor functional experiments, gastric strips from the fundal region were cut in the direction of the longitudinal muscle layer and placed in organ baths containing Krebs-Henseleit solution. Mechanical responses were recorded via force-displacement transducers, which were coupled to a polygraph for continuous recording of isometric tension. Electrical field stimulation (EFS) was applied via two platinum wire rings through which the preparation was threaded. The effects of ADPN were investigated on the neurally-induced contractile and relaxant responses elicited by EFS. The expression of ADPN receptors, Adipo-R1 and Adipo-R2, was also evaluated by touchdown-PCR analysis.RESULTSIn the functional experiments, EFS (4-16 Hz) elicited tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive contractile responses. Addition of ADPN to the bath medium caused a reduction in amplitude of the neurally-induced contractile responses (P < 0.05). The effects of ADPN were no longer observed in the presence of the nitric oxide (NO) synthesis inhibitor L-N-G-nitro arginine (L-NNA) (P > 0.05). The direct smooth muscle response to methacholine was not influenced by ADPN (P > 0.05). In carbachol precontracted strips and in the presence of guanethidine, EFS induced relaxant responses. Addition of ADPN to the bath medium, other than causing a slight and progressive decay of the basal tension, increased the amplitude of the neurally-induced relaxant responses (P < 0.05). Touchdown-PCR analysis revealed the expression of both Adipo-R1 and Adipo-R2 in the gastric fundus.CONCLUSIONThe results indicate for the first time that ADPN is able to influence the mechanical responses in strips from the mouse gastric fundus. AU - Idrizaj, E.* AU - Garella, R.* AU - Castellini, G.* AU - Mohr, H. AU - Pellegata, N.S. AU - Francini, F.* AU - Ricca, V.* AU - Squecco, R.* AU - Baccari, M.C.* C1 - 54405 C2 - 45543 CY - 8226 Regency Dr, Pleasanton, Ca 94588 Usa SP - 4028-4035 TI - Adiponectin affects the mechanical responses in strips from the mouse gastric fundus. JO - World J. Gastroenterol. VL - 24 IS - 35 PB - Baishideng Publishing Group Inc PY - 2018 SN - 1007-9327 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Several new treatment options for gastric cancer have been introduced but the prognosis of patients diagnosed with gastric cancer is still poor. Disease prognosis could be improved for high-risk individuals by implementing earlier screenings. Because many patients are asymptomatic during the early stages of gastric cancer, the diagnosis is often delayed and patients present with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic disease. Cytotoxic treatment has been shown to prolong survival in general, but not all patients are responders. The application of targeted therapies and multimodal treatment has improved prognosis for those with advanced disease. However, these new therapeutic strategies do not uniformly benefit all patients. Predicting whether patients will respond to specific therapies would be of particular value and would allow for stratifying patients for personalized treatment strategies. Metabolic imaging by positron emission tomography was the first technique with the potential to predict the response of esophago-gastric cancer to neoadjuvant therapy. Exploring and validating tissue-based biomarkers are ongoing processes. In this review, we discuss the status of several targeted therapies for gastric cancer, as well as proteomic and metabolic methods for investigating biomarkers for therapy response prediction in gastric cancer. AU - Aichler, M. AU - Luber, B.* AU - Lordick, F.* AU - Walch, A.K. C1 - 32558 C2 - 35137 SP - 13648-13657 TI - Proteomic and metabolic prediction of response to therapy in gastric cancer. JO - World J. Gastroenterol. VL - 20 IS - 38 PY - 2014 SN - 1007-9327 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Weber, L.W.D.* AU - Boll, M. AU - Stampfl, A. C1 - 2391 C2 - 22063 SP - 3081-3087 TI - Maintaining cholesterol homeostasis: Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins. JO - World J. Gastroenterol. VL - 10 PY - 2004 SN - 1007-9327 ER -