TY  - JOUR
AB  - Objective: MRI is established for measurement of body fat mass (FM) and abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Anthropometric measurements and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) have been proposed as surrogates to estimation by MRI. Aim of this work is to assess the predictive value of these methods for FM and VAT measured by MRI.Methods: Patients were selected from cohort study PPS-Diab (prediction, prevention and subclassification of Type 2 diabetes). Total FM and VAT were quantified by MRI and BIA together with clinical variables like age, waist arid hip circumference and height. Least-angle regressions were utilized to select anthropometric and BIA parameters for their use in multivariable linear regression models to predict total FM and VAT. Bland-Altman plots, Pearson correlation coefficients, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and univariate linear regression models were applied.Results: 116 females with 35 +/- 3 years and a body mass index of 25.1 +/- 5.3 kg/m(2) were included into the analysis. A multivariable model revealed weight (beta = 0.516, p < 0.001), height (beta = -0.223, p < 0.001) and hip circumference (beta = 0.156, p = 0.003) as significantly associated with total FM measured by MRI. A additional multivariable model also showed a significant predictive value of FMBIA (beta = 0.583, p < 0.001) for FM. In addition, waist circumference (beta = 0.054, p < 0.001), weight (beta = 0.016, p = 0.031) in one model and FMBIA (beta= 0.026, p = 0.018) in another model were significantly associated with VAT quantified by MRI. However, deviations reached more than 5 kg for total FM and more than 1kg for VAT.Conclusion: Anthropometric measurements and BIA show significant association with total FM and VAT.Advances in knowledge: As these measurements show significant deviations from the absolute measured values determined by MRI, MRI should be considered the gold-standard for quantification.
AU  - Froelich, M.F.*
AU  - Fugmann, M.
AU  - Daldrup, C.L.*
AU  - Hetterich, H.*
AU  - Coppenrath, E.*
AU  - Saam, T.*
AU  - Ferrari, U.
AU  - Seissler, J.
AU  - Popp, D.*
AU  - Lechner, A.
AU  - Sommer, N.N.*
C1  - 58537
C2  - 48319
CY  - 48-50 St John St, London, England
SP  - 20190874
TI  - Measurement of total and visceral fat mass in young adult women: A comparison of MRI with anthropometric measurements with and without bioelectrical impedance analysis.
JO  - Br. J. Radiol.
VL  - 93
IS  - 1110
PB  - British Inst Radiology
PY  - 2020
SN  - 0007-1285
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Extraordinary normal tissue response to highly spatially fractionated X-ray beams has been explored for over 25 years. More recently, alternative radiation sources have been developed and utilized with the aim to evoke comparable effects. These include protons, which lend themselves well for this endeavour due to their physical depth dose characteristics as well as corresponding variable biological effectiveness. This paper addresses the motivation for using protons to generate spatially fractionated beams and reviews the technological implementations and experimental results to date. This includes simulation and feasibility studies, collimation and beam characteristics, dosimetry and biological considerations as well as the results of in vivo and in vitro studies. Experimental results are emerging indicating an extraordinary normal tissue sparing effect analogous to what has been observed for synchrotron generated X-ray microbeams. The potential for translational research and feasibility of spatially modulated proton beams in clinical settings is discussed.
AU  - Meyer, J.*
AU  - Eley, J.*
AU  - Schmid, T.E.
AU  - Combs, S.E.
AU  - Dendale, R.*
AU  - Prezado, Y.*
C1  - 54949
C2  - 45955
CY  - 36 Portland Place, London W1n 4at, England
TI  - Spatially fractionated proton minibeams.
JO  - Br. J. Radiol.
VL  - 91
IS  - 1095
PB  - British Inst Radiology
PY  - 2019
SN  - 0007-1285
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Objective: To analyze the associations between epicardial and paracardial fat and impaired glucose tolerance as well as left ventricular (LV) alterations.Methods: 400 subjects underwent 3 T MRI and fat depots were delineated in the four chamber-view of the steady-state free precession cine sequence (repetition time: 29.97 ms; echo time 1.46 ms). LV parameters were also derived from MRI. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed.Results: Epi- and paracardial fat was derived in 372 (93%) subjects (220 healthy controls, 100 persons with prediabetes, 52 with diabetes). Epi- and paracardial fat increased from normal glucose tolerance (NGT) to prediabetes and diabetes (7.7 vs 9.2 vs 10.3 cm(2) and 14.3 vs 20.3 vs 27.4 cm(2), respectively; all p < 0.001). However, the association between impaired glucose metabolism and cardiac fat attenuated after adjustment, mainly confounded by visceral adipose tissue (VAT). 93 subjects (27%) had LV impairment, defined as late gadolinium enhancement, ejection fraction < 55% or LV concentricity index > 1.3 g ml(-1). Mean epicardial fat was higher in subjects with LV impairment (11.0 vs 8.1 cm(2), p < 0.001). This association remained independent after adjustment for traditional risk factors and VAT [beta: 1.13 (0.22; 2.03), p = 0.02].Conclusion: Although epicardial and paracardial fat are increased in prediabetes and diabetes, the association is mostly confounded by VAT. Epicardial fat is independently associated with subclinical LV impairment in subjects without known cardiovascular disease.Advances in knowledge: This study contributes to the picture of epicardial fat as a pathogenic local fat depot that is independently associated with MR-derived markers of left ventricular alterations.
AU  - Rado, S.D.*
AU  - Lorbeer, R.*
AU  - Gatidis, S.*
AU  - Machann, J.
AU  - Storz, C.*
AU  - Nikolaou, K.*
AU  - Rathmann, W.*
AU  - Hoffmann, U.
AU  - Peters, A.
AU  - Bamberg, F.*
AU  - Schlett, C.L.*
C1  - 55781
C2  - 46568
CY  - 36 Portland Place, London W1n 4at, England
TI  - MRI-based assessment and characterization of epicardial and paracardial fat depots in the context of impaired glucose metabolism and subclinical left-ventricular alterations.
JO  - Br. J. Radiol.
VL  - 92
IS  - 1096
PB  - British Inst Radiology
PY  - 2019
SN  - 0007-1285
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Objectives: Changes in skeletal muscle composition, such as fat content and mass, may exert unique metabolic and musculoskeletal risks; however, the reproducibility of their assessment is unknown. We determined the variability of the assessment of skeletal muscle fat content and area by MRI in a population-based sample.Methods: A random sample from a prospective, community-based cohort study (KORA-FF4) was included. Skeletal muscle fat content was quantified as proton-density fat fraction (PDFF) and area as cross-sectional area (CSA) in multi-echo Dixon sequences (TR 8,90 ms, six echo times, flip angle 4 degrees) by a standardized, anatomical landmark-based, manual skeletal muscle segmentation at level L3 vertebra by two independent observers. Reproducibility was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), scatter and Bland-Altman plots.Results: From 50 subjects included (mean age 56.1 +/- 8.8 years, 60.0% males, mean body mass index 28.3 +/- 5.2) 2'400 measurements were obtained. Interobserver agreement was excellent for all muscle compartments (PDFF: ICC0.99, CSA: ICC0.98) with only minor absolute and relative differences (-0.2 +/- 0.5%, 31 +/- 44.7 mm(2); -2.6 +/- 6.4% and 2.7 +/- 3.9%, respectively). lntra-observer reproducibility was similarly excellent (PDFF: ICC1.0, 0.0 +/- 0.4%, 0.4%; CSA: ICC1,0, 5.5 +/- 25.3 mm(2), 0.5%, absolute and relative differences, respectively). All agreement was independent of age, gender, body mass index, body height and visceral adipose tissue (ICC0.96-1.0). Furthermore, PDFF reproducibility was independent of CSA (ICC0.93-0.99).Conclusions: Quantification of skeletal muscle fat content and area by MRI using an anatomical landmark-based, manual skeletal muscle segmentation is highly reproducible.Advances in knowledge: An anatomical landmark-based, manual skeletal muscle segmentation provides high reproducibility of skeletal muscle fat content and area and may therefore serve as a robust proxy for myosteatosis and sarcopenia in large cohort studies.
AU  - Kiefer, L.S.*
AU  - Fabian, J.*
AU  - Lorbeer, R.*
AU  - Machann, J.
AU  - Storz, C.*
AU  - Kraus, M.S.*
AU  - Wintermeyer, E.*
AU  - Schlett, C.L.*
AU  - Roemer, F.*
AU  - Rospleszcz, S.*
AU  - Nikolaou, K.*
AU  - Peters, A.
AU  - Bamberg, F.*
C1  - 53630
C2  - 44771
CY  - 36 Portland Place, London W1n 4at, England
TI  - Inter- and intra-observer variability of an anatomical landmark-based, manual segmentation method by MRI for the assessment of skeletal muscle fat content and area in subjects from the general population.
JO  - Br. J. Radiol.
VL  - 3
IS  - 1089
PB  - British Inst Radiology
PY  - 2018
SN  - 0007-1285
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Objective: To study the relationship of area- and volumetric-based visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT and SAT) by MRI and their ratio in subjects with impaired glucose metabolism from the general population.Methods: Subjects from a population-based cohort with established prediabetes, diabetes and healthy controls without prior cardiovascular diseases underwent 3 T MRI. VAT and SAT were assessed as total volume and area on a single slice, and their ratio (VAT/SAT) was calculated. Clinical covariates and cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension and glycemic state were assessed in standardized fashion, Univariate and adjusted analyses were conducted.Results: Among 384 subjects (age: 56.2 +/- 9.2 years, 581% male) with complete MRI data available, volumetric and single-slice VAT, SAT and VAT/SAT ratio were strongly correlated (all >r = 0.89), Similarly, VAT/SAT(volum)(e). ratio was strongly correlated with VAT(volume), but not with SAT (r = 0.72 and r = -0.21, respectively). Significant higher levels of VAT, SAT and VAT/SAT ratio were found in subjects with impaired glucose metabolism (all p <= 0.01). After adjustment for potential cardiovascular confounders, VAT(volume) and VAT/SAT(volume) ratio remained significantly higher in subjects with impaired glucose metabolism (VAT(volume) = 6.9 +/- 2.5 I and 3.4 +/- 2.3 I; VAT/SAT(volume) ratio = 0.82 +/- 0.34 I and 0.49 +/- 0,29 I in patients with diabetes and controls, respectively, all p < 0.02), whereas the association for SAT(volume) attenuated. Additionally, there was a decreasing effect of glycemic status on VAT/SAT(volume) ratio with increasing body mass index and waist circumference (p < 0.05).Conclusions: VAT(volume) and VAT/SAT volume ratio are associated with impaired glucose metabolism, independent of cardiovascular risk factors or MRI-based quantification technique, with a decreasing effect of VAT/SAT(volume) ratio in obese subjects.Advances in knowledge: Quantification of VAT(volume) and VAT/SAT(volume). ratio by MRI represents a reproducable biomarker associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in subjects with impaired glucose metabolism, while the association of VAT/SAT(volume) ratio with glycemic state is attenuated in obese subjects.
AU  - Storz, C.*
AU  - Heber, S.D.*
AU  - Rospleszcz, S.
AU  - Machann, J.
AU  - Sellner, S.*
AU  - Nikolaou, K.*
AU  - Lorbeer, R.*
AU  - Gatidis, S.*
AU  - Elser, S.*
AU  - Peters, A.
AU  - Schlett, C.L.*
AU  - Bamberg, F.*
C1  - 52857
C2  - 44510
CY  - 36 Portland Place, London W1n 4at, England
TI  - The role of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue measurements and their ratio by magnetic resonance imaging in subjects with prediabetes, diabetes and healthy controls from a general population without cardiovascular disease.
JO  - Br. J. Radiol.
VL  - 91
IS  - 1089
PB  - British Inst Radiology
PY  - 2018
SN  - 0007-1285
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - The "European Guidelines on Quality Criteria for Diagnostic Radiographic Images" do not address the choice of the film characteristic (H&D) curve, which is an important parameter for the description of a radiographic screen-film system. The image contrast of clinical lumbar spine and chest radiographs was altered by digital image processing techniques, simulating images with different H&D curves, both steeper and flatter than the original. The manipulated images were printed on film for evaluation. Seven experienced radiologists evaluated the clinical image quality by analysing the fulfilment of the European Image Criteria (ICS) and by visual grading analysis (VGA) of in total 224 lumbar spine and 360 chest images. A parallel study of the effect of the H&D curve has also been made using a theoretical model. The contrast (DeltaOD) of relevant anatomical details was calculated, using a Monte Carlo simulation-model of the complete imaging system including a 3D voxel phantom of a patient. Correlations between the calculated contrast and the radiologists' assessment by VGA were sought. The results of the radiologists' assessment show that the quality in selected regions of lumbar spine and chest images can be significantly improved by the use of films with a steeper H&D curve compared with the standard latitude film. Significant (p<0.05) correlations were found between the VGA results and the calculations of the contrast of transverse processes and trabecular details in the lumbar spine vertebrae, and with the contrast of blood vessels in the retrocardiac area of the chest.
AU  - Tingberg, A.*
AU  - Herrmann, C.
AU  - Lanhede, B.*
AU  - Almen, A.*
AU  - Sandborg, M.*
AU  - McVey, G.*
AU  - Mattsson, S.*
AU  - Panzer, W.
AU  - Besjakov, J.*
AU  - Mansson, L.G.*
AU  - Kheddache, S.*
C1  - 1811
C2  - 21837
SP  - 204-215
TI  - Influence of the characteristic curve on the clinical image quality of lumbar spine and chest radiographs.
JO  - Br. J. Radiol.
VL  - 77
PY  - 2004
SN  - 0007-1285
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - The Commission of the European Communities (CEC) research project Predictivity and optimisation in medical radiation protection" addressed fundamental operational limitations in existing radiation protection mechanisms. The first part of the project aimed at investigating (1) whether the CEC image quality criteria could be used for optimization or a radiographic process and (2) whether significant differences in image quality based on these criteria could be detected in a controlled project with well known physical and technical parameters, In the present study. chest radiographs on film were produced using healthy volunteers. Four physical/technical parameters were varied in a carefully controlled manner: tube voltage ( 102 kVp and 14 1 kVp). nominal speed class (160 and 320). maximum film density (1.3 and 1.8) and method of scatter reduction (grid (R = 12) and air gap). The air kerma at the entrance surface was Measured for all patients and the risk-related dose H-Golem, based on calculated organ-equivalent dose conversion coefficients and the measured entrance air kerma values. was calculated, Image quality was evaluated by a group of European expert radiologists using a modified version of the CEC quality criteria. For the two density levels. density level 1.8 was significantly better than 1.3 but at the cost of a higher patient radiation exposure. The correlation between the number of fulfilled quality criteria and H-Golem was generally poor. An air gap technique resulted in lower doses than scatter reduction with a grid but provided comparable image quality. The criteria can be used to highlight optimum radiographic technique in terms of image quality and patient dose, although not unambiguously. A recommendation for good radiographic technique based on a compromise between image quality and risk-related radiation dose to the patient is to use 141 kVp. an air gap, a screen-film system with speed 320 and an optical density of 1.8."
AU  - Lanhede, B.*
AU  - Båth, M.*
AU  - Kheddache, S.*
AU  - Sund, P.*
AU  - Björneld, L.*
AU  - Widell, M.*
AU  - Almen, A.*
AU  - Besjakov, J.*
AU  - Mattsson, S.*
AU  - Tingberg, A.*
AU  - Herrmann, C.
AU  - Panzer, W.
AU  - Zankl, M.
C1  - 10322
C2  - 20178
SP  - 38-49
TI  - The influence of different technique factors on image quality of chest radiographs as evaluated by modified CEC image quality criteria. 
JO  - Br. J. Radiol.
VL  - 75
PB  - Institut Nachgewiesen
PY  - 2002
SN  - 0007-1285
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Frankenberg-Schwager, M.
AU  - Frankenberg, D.
C1  - 40659
C2  - 13063
SP  - 23-27
TI  - Shouldered survival curves in accordance with the unsaturated rejoining kinetics of DNA double-strand breaks.
JO  - Br. J. Radiol.
VL  - 24
PY  - 1992
SN  - 0007-1285
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - The early and late changes in the right rat lung following single dose X-irradiation were studied using computerised axial tomography (CT) and noninvasive lung function tests. The biphasic response of the lung, i.e., the early pneumonitis phase, from six to ten weeks and later fibrosis starting at 18 weeks after irradiation, were both detectable by increased lung density. Whereas functional changes were prominent during the pneumonitis phase, these were only minor in the late phase.
AU  - Geist, B.
AU  - Trott, K.-R.
C1  - 19345
C2  - 12424
SP  - 168-173
TI  - Radiographic and function changes after partial lung irradiation in the rat.
JO  - Br. J. Radiol.
VL  - 168
IS  - 3
PY  - 1992
SN  - 0007-1285
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - In order to study kinetics and mechanisms of accelerated repopulation in squamous cell carcinomas, appropriate animal experiments are indispensable. Therefore, over the last 10 years, an extensive experimental programme on various aspects of accelerated repopulation during daily fractionated radiotherapy in isogenic squamous cell carcinomas and in normal squamous epithelium of the oral mucosa of the C3H mouse has been performed. Results of these experiments have been published (Doerr and Kummermehr, 1990, 1991; Trott and Kummermehr, 1991) and together with some recent unpublished data are reanalysed here to derive some information on the mechanisms that lead to acceleration of repopulation during radiotherapy
AU  - Kummermehr, J.C.
AU  - Dörr, W.
AU  - Trott, K.R.
C1  - 40527
C2  - 34308
SP  - 193-199
TI  - Kinetics of accelerated repopulation in normal and malignant squamous epithelia during fractionated radiotherapy.
JO  - Br. J. Radiol.
VL  - 24
PY  - 1992
SN  - 0007-1285
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - TCDO may influence the time of onset, the severity and the healing of radiation-induced ulcers in the rat colon. Endoscopical and histological observations showed that the ulcers were smaller and more superficial after TCDO treatment and that these ulcers did not inevitably cause functional rectal obstruction but healed in a considerable proportion of the treated animals. Contrary to initial expectations, the systemic intravenous or intraperitoneal application appeared superior to the local application of TCDO.
AU  - Breiter, N.
AU  - Sassy, T.
AU  - Trott, K.R.
C1  - 42356
C2  - 34808
SP  - 381-383
TI  - Tetrachlorodecaoxygen anion complex treatment after localized X irradiation of the rat colon.
JO  - Br. J. Radiol.
VL  - 62
IS  - 736
PY  - 1989
SN  - 0007-1285
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Guttenberger, R.
AU  - Thames, H.D.
C1  - 18152
C2  - 11012
TI  - Two component repair. Letter to the editor.
JO  - Br. J. Radiol.
PY  - 1989
SN  - 0007-1285
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Guttenberger, R.
AU  - Thames, H.D.
C1  - 41805
C2  - 34821
SP  - 1108-1109
TI  - Kinetics of recovery from sublethal radiation damage (I).
JO  - Br. J. Radiol.
VL  - 62
IS  - 744
PY  - 1989
SN  - 0007-1285
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Panzer, W.
AU  - Zankl, M.
C1  - 17551
C2  - 10480
SP  - 936-939
TI  - A Method for Estimating Embryo Doses Resulting from Computed Tomographic Examinations.
JO  - Br. J. Radiol.
VL  - 62
PY  - 1989
SN  - 0007-1285
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Breiter, N.
AU  - Sassy, T.
AU  - Trott, K.-R.
C1  - 17174
C2  - 10282
TI  - Tetrachlorodecaoxygen Anion Complex (TCDO) Treatment after Localized X-irradiation of the Rat Colon.
JO  - Br. J. Radiol.
PY  - 1988
SN  - 0007-1285
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Total body irradiation with 60Co γ rays has been used since about 1966 for the treatment of acute leukaemia (Johnson, 1968; Buckner et al., 1970; Thomas et al., 1971; Miller et al., 1976). The method of irradiation developed by the Seattle group (Thomas et al., 1975) requires knowledge of the dose at the mid-line of the body for calculation of the treatment time. Published data of tissue-air ratios (TAR) for elongated fields like the dimensions of a human body in the lying position are not available. It is only known from measurements carried out by Faw and Glenn (1972) that the TAR values along the central axis of the beam for square fields greater than 50 × 50 cm2 show an effect of saturation. The objective of our investigations was to find TAR values for the mid-line of a human body. An Alderson phantom with a length of 150 cm, a mean lateral diameter of 30 cm and a mean A.P. diameter of 21 cm was used. The irradiation was carried out in a lateral direction with a field size of 165 × 30 cm2, the centre of the beam being coincident with the diameter below the umbilicus. The source-mid-line distance was 4 m, which gives a decrease in air-dose of less than 4% at the ends of the phantom.  
AU  - Hochhaeuser, E.
AU  - Balk, O.A.
C1  - 41647
C2  - 40421
SP  - 460-462
TI  - Tissue-air ratios for whole body irradiation with cobalt 60 gamma rays.
JO  - Br. J. Radiol.
VL  - 51
IS  - 606
PY  - 1978
SN  - 0007-1285
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - The proliferation kinetics of the transplanted adenocarcinoma 284 of C3H mice from the first to the sixth day after 600 R and from the first to the eighth day after 1,200 R were studied by repeated labelling of the tumour cells in vivo with [3H]thymidine and measurement of the labelling index and the percentage of labelled mitotic cells. The time course of the post irradiation synchronization was followed during the first day. Later, the mean generation times of the tumour cells were usually prolonged and the spread of the generation times increased. Three to 4 days afer irradiation the tumour increased its growth fraction to twice the normal value by triggering resting cells into cycle.
AU  - von Szczepanski, L.
AU  - Trott, K.R.
C1  - 41118
C2  - 40405
SP  - 200-208
TI  - Post irradiation proliferation kinetics of a serially transplanted murine adenocarcinoma.
JO  - Br. J. Radiol.
VL  - 48
IS  - 567
PY  - 1975
SN  - 0007-1285
ER  -