TY  - JOUR
AB  - Colour vision in animals is an interesting, fascinating subject. In this study, we examined a wide variety of species for expression of S-opsin (blue sensitive) and M-/L-opsin (green-red sensitive) in retinal cones using two novel monoclonal antibodies specific for peptides from human opsins. Mouse, rat and hare did not express one of the investigated epitopes, but we could clearly prove existence of cones through peanut agglutinin labelling. Retinas of guinea pig, dog, wolf, marten, cat, roe deer, pig and horse were positive for S-opsin, but not for M-/L-opsin. Nevertheless all these species are clearly at least dichromats, because we could detect further S-opsin negative cones by labelling with cone arrestin specific antibody. In contrast, pheasant and char had M-/L-opsin positive cones, but no S-opsin expressing cones. Sheep, cattle, monkey, men, pigeon, duck and chicken were positive for both opsins. Visual acuity analyzed through density of retinal ganglion cells revealed least visual discrimination by horses and highest resolution in pheasant and pigeon. Most mammals studied are dichromats with visual perception similar to red-green blind people.
AU  - Amann, B.*
AU  - Hirmer, S.*
AU  - Hauck, S.M.
AU  - Kremmer, E.
AU  - Ueffing, M.
AU  - Deeg, C.A.*
C1  - 11430
C2  - 30663
SP  - 32–42
TI  - True blue: S-opsin is widely expressed in different animal species.
JO  - J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr.
VL  - 98
IS  - 1
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
PY  - 2014
SN  - 0931-2439
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Retinal Müller glial cells are of vital importance for maintaining a physiological environment within the retina. To this end, they provide highly specialized physiological properties to support neurons in structure, nutrition and metabolism. The purpose of this study was to isolate Müller cells from the equine retina, determine their characteristics and subsequently establish a stable equine Müller cell line (eqMC) that will provide a prerequisite for investigations on their physiological properties. Dissociated retinal cells were obtained from equine retinas by a papain digestion technique followed by trituration and a cell attachment method by which pure Müller cell cultures were achieved. Morphological examination was performed using phase-contrast microscopy, and further characterization of different subcultures was accomplished by immunocytochemistry. Cells of passage 1 showed distinct signals for glutamine synthetase and vimentin, whereas glial fibrillary acidic protein expression was almost absent. Characteristic expression patterns remained unaltered in all subcultures. Furthermore, cultured Müller cells stably expressed the microfilament alpha-smooth muscle actin, the proliferation marker Ki67 and the membrane channels Kir4.1 and aquaporin 4. The present study introduces the eqMC-7 that will facilitate studies investigating the physiological role of Müller cells within the equine retina.
AU  - Eberhardt, C.*
AU  - Amann, B.*
AU  - Stangassinger, M.*
AU  - Hauck, S.M.
AU  - Deeg, C.A.*
C1  - 4701
C2  - 28992
CY  - Berlin, Germany
SP  - 260-269
TI  - Isolation, characterization and establishment of an equine retinal glial cell line: A prerequisite to investigate the physiological function of Müller cells in the retina.
JO  - J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr.
VL  - 96
IS  - 2
PB  - Blackwell Science
PY  - 2012
SN  - 0931-2439
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rambeck, W.A.
AU  - Kollmer, W.E.
C1  - 17573
C2  - 10888
SP  - 66-74
TI  - Modifying Cadmium Retention in Chickens by Dietary Supplements.
JO  - J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr.
VL  - 63
PY  - 1990
SN  - 0931-2439
ER  -