TY  - JOUR
AB  - Enhanced rock weathering (ERW) is a promising strategy for CO2 removal via promoting inorganic carbon (IC) sequestration. However, knowledge gaps persist regarding its influence on the largest terrestrial carbon pool, soil organic carbon (SOC) and how these effects evolve as weathering progresses. This study investigated how basalt weathering influences soil carbon fluxes and organic matter (OM) turnover. Over a 6th-month incubation, we applied fresh basalt (fine-sized, olivine-rich) and weathered basalt (coarse- and fine-sized, olivine-depleted) to temperate cropland topsoil, incorporating with 13C-labelled straw. Fresh basalt increases soil pH via rapid H+ neutralization during olivine dissolution, releasing soluble Mg2+ and increasing bicarbonate alkalinity. Combined with continuous carbonic acid dissociation for olivine dissolution, they synergistically enhance dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) accumulation in soil solution and effluent (~0.4%), promoting soil inorganic carbon (SIC) accrual via carbonate precipitation (~4%). However, rising pH concurrently induces significant SOC losses (~17%), resulting in net C losses of ~13%. As basalt weathering progresses (olivine-depleted), slower H+ neutralization and carbonic acid dissociation during less-reactive Ca-bearing mineral dissolution stabilize soil pH, limiting DIC formation. The released Ca2+ prioritizes SIC accrual via Ca-carbonate precipitation (~4%). Meanwhile, higher specific surface area (SSA) and exchangeable Ca2+ enhance retention and stabilization of both native and straw-derived OC, reducing net C losses (~6%). At both weathering stages, over 95% of total C remaining in soils and effluent exists in organic form. Straw inputs acidify soils by releasing additional free H+ during decomposition, competing with carbonic acid for olivine dissolution and reducing bicarbonate alkalinity, which limits the DIC and SIC accrual at both weathering stages. Since soils continuously receive OM input, understanding the balance between these interactive processes is crucial for optimizing long-term carbon sequestration strategies. Therefore, sustaining SOC by minimizing SOC losses should be prioritized for long-term carbon sequestration, besides IC accrual for ERW, particularly as weathering progresses.
AU  - Lei, K.*
AU  - Bucka, F.B.*
AU  - Teixeira, P.P.C.*
AU  - Buegger, F.
AU  - Just, C.*
AU  - Kögel-Knabner, I.*
C1  - 74128
C2  - 57334
CY  - 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
TI  - Balancing organic and inorganic carbon dynamics in enhanced rock weathering: Implications for carbon sequestration.
JO  - Glob. Change Biol.
VL  - 31
IS  - 4
PB  - Wiley
PY  - 2025
SN  - 1354-1013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - In order to predict the future of European forests, it is crucial to assess the potential of the dominant perennial species to adapt to rapid climate change. The aim of this study was to reconstruct the pattern of distribution of drought tolerance in Quercus robur in the current center of the species' range. The distribution and plasticity of drought-related traits in German populations of Q. robur were assessed and the effects of spring phenology and species demographic history on this distribution were evaluated using a drought stress experiment in a common garden. We show that variation of drought-related functional traits, including intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE), leaf osmotic potential (π), and rate of drought-induced defoliation, is high within Q. robur populations. However, frequency of trees with high estimated constitutive drought tolerance increases with decreasing water availability in the regions of population origin, indicating local adaptation to drought. A strong correlation between the distribution of drought-related traits and spring phenology observed in Q. robur suggests that adaptation to water deficit interacts with adaptation to the strong seasonality of the central European climate. The two processes are not influenced by the history of post-glacial recolonisation of central Europe. The results of this study provide a basis for optimistic prognoses for the future of this species in the center of its current distribution range.
AU  - Nosenko, T.
AU  - Schroeder, H.*
AU  - Zimmer, I.
AU  - Buegger, F.
AU  - Orgel, F.*
AU  - Burau, I.*
AU  - Sivaprakasam Padmanaban, P.B.
AU  - Ghirardo, A.
AU  - Bracker, R.
AU  - Kersten, B.*
AU  - Schnitzler, J.-P.
C1  - 73980
C2  - 57287
CY  - 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
TI  - Patterns of adaptation to drought in Quercus robur populations in central European temperate forests.
JO  - Glob. Change Biol.
VL  - 31
IS  - 4
PB  - Wiley
PY  - 2025
SN  - 1354-1013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - The seasonal coupling of plant and soil microbial nutrient demands is crucial for efficient ecosystem nutrient cycling and plant production, especially in strongly seasonal alpine ecosystems. Yet, how these seasonal nutrient cycling processes are modified by climate change and what the consequences are for nutrient loss and retention in alpine ecosystems remain unclear. Here, we explored how two pervasive climate change factors, reduced snow cover and shrub expansion, interactively modify the seasonal coupling of plant and soil microbial nitrogen (N) cycling in alpine grasslands, which are warming at double the rate of the global average. We found that the combination of reduced snow cover and shrub expansion disrupted the seasonal coupling of plant and soil N-cycling, with pronounced effects in spring (shortly after snow melt) and autumn (at the onset of plant senescence). In combination, both climate change factors decreased plant organic N-uptake by 70% and 82%, soil microbial biomass N by 19% and 38% and increased soil denitrifier abundances by 253% and 136% in spring and autumn, respectively. Shrub expansion also individually modified the seasonality of soil microbial community composition and stoichiometry towards more N-limited conditions and slower nutrient cycling in spring and autumn. In winter, snow removal markedly reduced the fungal:bacterial biomass ratio, soil N pools and shifted bacterial community composition. Taken together, our findings suggest that interactions between climate change factors can disrupt the temporal coupling of plant and soil microbial N-cycling processes in alpine grasslands. This could diminish the capacity of these globally widespread alpine ecosystems to retain N and support plant productivity under future climate change.
AU  - Broadbent, A.A.D.*
AU  - Newbold, L.K.*
AU  - Pritchard, W.J.*
AU  - Michas, A.
AU  - Goodall, T.*
AU  - Cordero, I.*
AU  - Giunta, A.*
AU  - Snell, H.S.K.*
AU  - Pepper, V.V.L.H.*
AU  - Grant, H.K.*
AU  - Soto, D.X.*
AU  - Kaufmann, R.*
AU  - Schloter, M.
AU  - Griffiths, R.I.*
AU  - Bahn, M.*
AU  - Bardgett, R.D.*
C1  - 70304
C2  - 55498
CY  - 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
TI  - Climate change disrupts the seasonal coupling of plant and soil microbial nutrient cycling in an alpine ecosystem.
JO  - Glob. Change Biol.
VL  - 30
IS  - 3
PB  - Wiley
PY  - 2024
SN  - 1354-1013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - In drylands, where water scarcity limits vascular plant growth, much of the primary production occurs at the soil surface. This is where complex macro- and microbial communities, in an intricate bond with soil particles, form biological soil crusts (biocrusts). Despite their critical role in regulating C and N cycling in dryland ecosystems, there is limited understanding of the fate of biologically fixed C and N from biocrusts into the mineral soil, or how climate change will affect C and N fluxes between the atmosphere, biocrusts, and subsurface soils. To address these gaps, we subjected biocrust-soil systems to experimental warming and drought under controlled laboratory conditions, monitored CO2 fluxes, and applied dual isotopic labeling pulses (13CO2 and 15N2). This allowed detailed quantification of elemental pathways into specific organic matter (OM) pools and microbial biomass via density fractionation and phospholipid fatty acid analyses. While biocrusts modulated CO2 fluxes regardless of the temperature regime, drought severely limited their photosynthetic C uptake to the extent that the systems no longer sustained net C uptake. Furthermore, the effect of biocrusts extended into the underlying 1 cm of mineral soil, where C and N accumulated as mineral-associated OM (MAOM<63μm). This was strongly associated with increased relative dominance of fungi, suggesting that fungal hyphae facilitate the downward C and N translocation and subsequent MAOM formation. Most strikingly, however, these pathways were disrupted in systems exposed to warming, where no effects of biocrusts on the elemental composition of the underlying soil nor on MAOM were determined. This was further associated with reduced net biological N fixation under combined warming and drought, highlighting how changing climatic conditions diminish some of the most fundamental ecosystem functions of biocrusts, with detrimental repercussions for C and N cycling and the persistence of soil organic matter pools in dryland ecosystems.
AU  - Witzgall, K.*
AU  - Hesse, B.D.*
AU  - Pacay-Barrientos, N.L.*
AU  - Jansa, J.*
AU  - Seguel, O.*
AU  - Oses, R.*
AU  - Buegger, F.
AU  - Guigue, J.*
AU  - Rojas, C.*
AU  - Rousk, K.*
AU  - Grams, T.E.E.*
AU  - Pietrasiak, N.*
AU  - Mueller, C.W.*
C1  - 71968
C2  - 56499
CY  - 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
TI  - Soil carbon and nitrogen cycling at the atmosphere-soil interface: Quantifying the responses of biocrust-soil interactions to global change.
JO  - Glob. Change Biol.
VL  - 30
IS  - 10
PB  - Wiley
PY  - 2024
SN  - 1354-1013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - After drought events, tree recovery depends on sufficient carbon (C) allocation to the sink organs. The present study aimed to elucidate dynamics of tree-level C sink activity and allocation of recent photoassimilates (Cnew ) and stored C in c. 70-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees during a 4-week period after drought release. We conducted a continuous, whole-tree 13 C labeling in parallel with controlled watering after 5 years of experimental summer drought. The fate of Cnew to growth and CO2 efflux was tracked along branches, stems, coarse- and fine roots, ectomycorrhizae and root exudates to soil CO2 efflux after drought release. Compared with control trees, drought recovering trees showed an overall 6% lower C sink activity and 19% less allocation of Cnew to aboveground sinks, indicating a low priority for aboveground sinks during recovery. In contrast, fine-root growth in recovering trees was seven times greater than that of controls. However, only half of the C used for new fine-root growth was comprised of Cnew while the other half was supplied by stored C. For drought recovery of mature spruce trees, in addition to Cnew , stored C appears to be critical for the regeneration of the fine-root system and the associated water uptake capacity.
AU  - Hikino, K.*
AU  - Danzberger, J.
AU  - Riedel, V.P.*
AU  - Hesse, B.D.*
AU  - Hafner, B.D.*
AU  - Gebhardt, T.*
AU  - Rehschuh, R.*
AU  - Ruehr, N.K.*
AU  - Brunn, M.*
AU  - Bauerle, T.L.*
AU  - Landhäusser, S.M.*
AU  - Lehmann, M.M.*
AU  - Rötzer, T.*
AU  - Pretzsch, H.*
AU  - Buegger, F.
AU  - Weikl, F.
AU  - Pritsch, K.
AU  - Grams, T.E.E.*
C1  - 65957
C2  - 53002
SP  - 6889-6905
TI  - Dynamics of initial carbon allocation after drought release in mature Norway spruce-Increased belowground allocation of current photoassimilates covers only half of the carbon used for fine-root growth.
JO  - Glob. Change Biol.
VL  - 28
IS  - 23
PY  - 2022
SN  - 1354-1013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Fungi are highly diverse organisms, which provide multiple ecosystem services. However, compared with charismatic animals and plants, the distribution patterns and conservation needs of fungi have been little explored. Here, we examined endemicity patterns, global change vulnerability and conservation priority areas for functional groups of soil fungi based on six global surveys using a high-resolution, long-read metabarcoding approach. We found that the endemicity of all fungi and most functional groups peaks in tropical habitats, including Amazonia, Yucatan, West-Central Africa, Sri Lanka, and New Caledonia, with a negligible island effect compared with plants and animals. We also found that fungi are predominantly vulnerable to drought, heat and land-cover change, particularly in dry tropical regions with high human population density. Fungal conservation areas of highest priority include herbaceous wetlands, tropical forests, and woodlands. We stress that more attention should be focused on the conservation of fungi, especially root symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi in tropical regions as well as unicellular early-diverging groups and macrofungi in general. Given the low overlap between the endemicity of fungi and macroorganisms, but high conservation needs in both groups, detailed analyses on distribution and conservation requirements are warranted for other microorganisms and soil organisms.
AU  - Tedersoo, L.*
AU  - Mikryukov, V.*
AU  - Zizka, A.*
AU  - Bahram, M.*
AU  - Hagh-Doust, N.*
AU  - Anslan, S.*
AU  - Prylutskyi, O.*
AU  - Delgado-Baquerizo, M.*
AU  - Maestre, F.T.*
AU  - Pärn, J.*
AU  - Öpik, M.*
AU  - Moora, M.*
AU  - Zobel, M.*
AU  - Espenberg, M.*
AU  - Mander, A.P.*
AU  - Khalid, A.N.*
AU  - Corrales, A.*
AU  - Agan, A.*
AU  - Vasco-Palacios, A.M.*
AU  - Saitta, A.*
AU  - Rinaldi, A.C.*
AU  - Verbeken, A.*
AU  - Sulistyo, B.P.*
AU  - Tamgnoue, B.*
AU  - Furneaux, B.*
AU  - Ritter, C.D.*
AU  - Nyamukondiwa, C.*
AU  - Sharp, C.*
AU  - Marin, C.*
AU  - Gohar, D.*
AU  - Klavina, D.*
AU  - Sharmah, D.*
AU  - Dai, D.Q.*
AU  - Nouhra, E.*
AU  - Biersma, E.M.*
AU  - Rahn, E.*
AU  - Cameron, E.K.*
AU  - De Crop, E.*
AU  - Otsing, E.*
AU  - Davydov, E.A.*
AU  - Albornoz, F.E.*
AU  - Brearley, F.Q.*
AU  - Buegger, F.
AU  - Zahn, G.*
AU  - Bonito, G.*
AU  - Hiiesalu, I.*
AU  - Barrio, I.C.*
AU  - Heilmann-Clausen, J.*
AU  - Ankuda, J.*
AU  - Kupagme, J.Y.*
AU  - Maciá-Vicente, J.G.*
AU  - Fovo, J.D.*
AU  - Geml, J.*
AU  - Alatalo, J.M.*
AU  - Alvarez-Manjarrez, J.*
AU  - Poldmaa, K.*
AU  - Runnel, K.*
AU  - Adamson, K.*
AU  - Bråthen, K.A.*
AU  - Pritsch, K.
AU  - Tchan, K.I.*
AU  - Armolaitis, K.*
AU  - Hyde, K.D.*
AU  - Newsham, K.K.*
AU  - Panksep, K.*
AU  - Lateef, A.A.*
AU  - Tiirmann, L.*
AU  - Hansson, L.*
AU  - Lamit, L.J.*
AU  - Saba, M.*
AU  - Tuomi, M.*
AU  - Gryzenhout, M.*
AU  - Bauters, M.*
AU  - Piepenbring, M.*
AU  - Wijayawardene, N.*
AU  - Yorou, N.S.*
AU  - Kurina, O.*
AU  - Mortimer, P.E.*
AU  - Meidl, P.*
AU  - Kohout, P.*
AU  - Nilsson, R.H.*
AU  - Puusepp, R.*
AU  - Drenkhan, R.*
AU  - Garibay-Orijel, R.*
AU  - Godoy, R.*
AU  - Alkahtani, S.*
AU  - Rahimlou, S.*
AU  - Dudov, S.V.*
AU  - Polme, S.*
AU  - Ghosh, S.*
AU  - Mundra, S.*
AU  - Ahmed, T.*
AU  - Netherway, T.*
AU  - Henkel, T.W.*
AU  - Roslin, T.*
AU  - Nteziryayo, V.*
AU  - Fedosov, V.E.*
AU  - Onipchenko, V.G.*
AU  - Yasanthika, W.A.E.*
AU  - Lim, Y.W.*
AU  - Soudzilovskaia, N.A.*
AU  - Antonelli, A.*
AU  - Koljalg, U.*
AU  - Abarenkov, K.*
C1  - 66179
C2  - 53116
SP  - 6696-6710
TI  - Global patterns in endemicity and vulnerability of soil fungi.
JO  - Glob. Change Biol.
VL  - 28
IS  - 22
PY  - 2022
SN  - 1354-1013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Under ongoing global climate change, drought periods are predicted to increase in frequency and intensity in the future. Under these circumstances, it is crucial for tree´s survival to recover their restricted functionalities quickly after drought release. To elucidate the recovery of carbon (C) transport rates in c. 70-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] KARST.) after five years of recurrent summer droughts, we conducted a continuous whole-tree 13 C labeling experiment in parallel with watering. We determined the arrival time of current photoassimilates in major C sinks by tracing the 13 C label in stem and soil CO2 efflux, and tips of living fine roots. In the first week after watering, aboveground C transport rates from crown to trunk base were still 50% lower in previously drought-stressed trees (0.16 ± 0.01 m h-1 ) compared to controls (0.30 ± 0.06 m h-1 ). Conversely, C transport rates below ground, i.e. from the trunk base to soil CO2 efflux were already similar between treatments (c. 0.03 m h-1 ). Two weeks after watering, aboveground C transport of previously drought-stressed trees recovered to the level of the controls. Furthermore, regrowth of water-absorbing fine roots upon watering was supported by faster incorporation of 13 C label in previously drought-stressed (within 12 ± 10 h upon arrival at trunk base) compared to control trees (73 ± 10 h). Thus, the whole-tree C transport system from the crown to soil CO2 efflux fully recovered within two weeks after drought release, and hence showed high resilience to recurrent summer droughts in mature Norway spruce forests. This high resilience of the C transport system is an important prerequisite for the recovery of other tree functionalities and productivity.
AU  - Hikino, K.*
AU  - Danzberger, J.
AU  - Riedel, V.P.*
AU  - Rehschuh, R.*
AU  - Ruehr, N.K.*
AU  - Hesse, B.D.*
AU  - Lehmann, M.M.*
AU  - Buegger, F.
AU  - Weikl, F.
AU  - Pritsch, K.
AU  - Grams, T.E.E.*
C1  - 63901
C2  - 51735
CY  - 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
TI  - High resilience of carbon transport in long-term drought stressed mature Norway spruce trees within two weeks after drought release.
JO  - Glob. Change Biol.
PB  - Wiley
PY  - 2021
SN  - 1354-1013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Climate change impacts on the structure and function of ecosystems will worsen public health issues like allergic diseases. Birch trees (Betula spp.) are important sources of aeroallergens in Central and Northern Europe. Birches are vulnerable to climate change as these trees are sensitive to increased temperatures and summer droughts. This study aims to examine the effect of climate change on airborne birch pollen concentrations in Central Europe using Bavaria in Southern Germany as a case study. Pollen data from 28 monitoring stations in Bavaria were used in this study, with time series of up 30 years long. An integrative approach was used to model airborne birch pollen concentrations taking into account drivers influencing birch tree abundance and birch pollen production and projections made according to different climate change and socio-economic scenarios. Birch tree abundance is projected to decrease in parts of Bavaria at different rates, depending on the climate scenario, particularly in current centres of the species distribution. Climate change is expected to result in initial increases in pollen load but, due to the reduction in birch trees, the amount of airborne birch pollen will decrease at lower altitudes. Conversely, higher altitude areas will experience expansions in birch tree distribution and subsequent increases in airborne birch pollen in the future. Even considering restrictions for migration rates, increases in pollen load are likely in Southwestern areas, where positive trends have already been detected during the last three decades. Integrating models for the distribution and abundance of pollen sources and the drivers that control birch pollen production allowed us to model airborne birch pollen concentrations in the future. The magnitude of changes depends on location and climate change scenario.
AU  - Rojo, J.
AU  - Oteros, J.*
AU  - Picornell, A.*
AU  - Maya-Manzano, J.M.
AU  - Damialis, A.
AU  - Zink, K.*
AU  - Werchan, M.*
AU  - Werchan, B.*
AU  - Smith, M.*
AU  - Menzel, A.*
AU  - Timpf, S.*
AU  - Traidl-Hoffmann, C.
AU  - Bergmann, K.C.*
AU  - Schmidt-Weber, C.B.
AU  - Buters, J.T.M.
C1  - 62748
C2  - 51043
CY  - 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
SP  - 5934-5949
TI  - Effects of future climate change on birch abundance and their pollen load.
JO  - Glob. Change Biol.
VL  - 27
IS  - 22
PB  - Wiley
PY  - 2021
SN  - 1354-1013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Ecosystems integrity and services are threatened by anthropogenic global changes. Mitigating and adapting to these changes requires knowledge of ecosystem functioning in the expected novel environments, informed in large part through experimentation and modelling. This paper describes 13 advanced controlled environment facilities for experimental ecosystem studies, herein termed ecotrons, open to the international community. Ecotrons enable simulation of a wide range of natural environmental conditions in replicated and independent experimental units whilst simultaneously measuring various ecosystem processes. This capacity to realistically control ecosystem environments is used to emulate a variety of climatic scenarios and soil conditions, in natural sunlight or through broad spectrum lighting. The use of large ecosystem samples, intact or reconstructed, minimises border effects and increases biological and physical complexity. Measurements of concentrations of greenhouse trace gases as well as their net exchange between the ecosystem and the atmosphere are performed in most ecotrons, often quasi continuously. The flow of matter is often tracked with the use of stable isotope tracers of carbon and other elements. Equipment is available for measurements of soil water status as well as root and canopy growth. The experiments run so far emphasize the diversity of the hosted research. Half of them concern global changes, often with a manipulation of more than one driver. About a quarter deal with the impact of biodiversity loss on ecosystem functioning and one quarter with ecosystem or plant physiology. We discuss how the methodology for environmental simulation and process measurements, especially in soil, can be improved and stress the need to establish stronger links with modelling in future projects. These developments will enable further improvements in mechanistic understanding and predictive capacity of ecotron research which will play, in complementarity with field experimentation and monitoring, a crucial role in exploring the ecosystem consequences of environmental changes.
AU  - Roy, J.*
AU  - Rineau, F.*
AU  - De Boeck, H.J.*
AU  - Nijs, I.*
AU  - Pütz, T.*
AU  - Abiven, S.*
AU  - Arnone, J.A.*
AU  - Barton, C.V.M.*
AU  - Beenaerts, N.*
AU  - Brüggemann, N.*
AU  - Dainese, M.*
AU  - Domisch, T.*
AU  - Eisenhauer, N.*
AU  - Garré, S.*
AU  - Gebler, A.*
AU  - Ghirardo, A.
AU  - Jasoni, R.L.*
AU  - Kowalchuk, G.*
AU  - Landais, D.*
AU  - Larsen, S.H.*
AU  - Leemans, V.*
AU  - Le Galliard, J.F.*
AU  - Longdoz, B.*
AU  - Massol, F.*
AU  - Mikkelsen, T.N.*
AU  - Niedrist, G.*
AU  - Piel, C.*
AU  - Ravel, O.*
AU  - Sauze, J.*
AU  - Schmidt, A.*
AU  - Schnitzler, J.-P.
AU  - Teixeira, L.H.*
AU  - Tjoelker, M.G.*
AU  - Weisser, W.W.*
AU  - Winkler, J.B.
AU  - Milcu, A.*
C1  - 60976
C2  - 49614
CY  - 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
SP  - 1387-1407
TI  - Ecotrons: Powerful and versatile ecosystem analysers for ecology, agronomy and environmental science.
JO  - Glob. Change Biol.
VL  - 27
IS  - 7
PB  - Wiley
PY  - 2021
SN  - 1354-1013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) currently grow rainfed maize with limited inputs including fertilizer. Climate change may exacerbate current production constraints. Crop models can help quantify the potential impact of climate change on maize yields, but a comprehensive multimodel assessment of simulation accuracy and uncertainty in these low-input systems is currently lacking. We evaluated the impact of varying [CO2], temperature and rainfall conditions on maize yield, for different nitrogen (N) inputs (0, 80, 160 kg N/ha) for five environments in SSA, including cool subhumid Ethiopia, cool semi-arid Rwanda, hot subhumid Ghana and hot semi-arid Mali and Benin using an ensemble of 25 maize models. Models were calibrated with measured grain yield, plant biomass, plant N, leaf area index, harvest index and in-season soil water content from 2-year experiments in each country to assess their ability to simulate observed yield. Simulated responses to climate change factors were explored and compared between models. Calibrated models reproduced measured grain yield variations well with average relative root mean square error of 26%, although uncertainty in model prediction was substantial (CV = 28%). Model ensembles gave greater accuracy than any model taken at random. Nitrogen fertilization controlled the response to variations in [CO2], temperature and rainfall. Without N fertilizer input, maize (a) benefited less from an increase in atmospheric [CO2]; (b) was less affected by higher temperature or decreasing rainfall; and (c) was more affected by increased rainfall because N leaching was more critical. The model intercomparison revealed that simulation of daily soil N supply and N leaching plays a crucial role in simulating climate change impacts for low-input systems. Climate change and N input interactions have strong implications for the design of robust adaptation approaches across SSA, because the impact of climate change in low input systems will be modified if farmers intensify maize production with balanced nutrient management.
AU  - Falconnier, G.N.*
AU  - Corbeels, M.*
AU  - Boote, K.J.*
AU  - Affholder, F.*
AU  - Adam, M.*
AU  - MacCarthy, D.S.*
AU  - Ruane, A.C.*
AU  - Nendel, C.*
AU  - Whitbread, A.M.*
AU  - Justes, É.*
AU  - Ahuja, L.R.*
AU  - Akinseye, F.M.*
AU  - Alou, I.N.*
AU  - Amouzou, K.A.*
AU  - Anapalli, S.S.*
AU  - Baron, C.*
AU  - Basso, B.*
AU  - Baudron, F.*
AU  - Bertuzzi, P.*
AU  - Challinor, A.J.*
AU  - Chen, Y.*
AU  - Deryng, D.*
AU  - Elsayed, M.L.*
AU  - Faye, B.*
AU  - Gaiser, T.*
AU  - Galdos, M.*
AU  - Gayler, S.*
AU  - Gerardeaux, E.*
AU  - Giner, M.*
AU  - Grant, B.*
AU  - Hoogenboom, G.*
AU  - Ibrahim, E.S.*
AU  - Kamali, B.*
AU  - Kersebaum, K.C.*
AU  - Kim, S.H.*
AU  - van der Laan, M.*
AU  - Leroux, L.*
AU  - Lizaso, J.I.*
AU  - Maestrini, B.*
AU  - Meier, E.A.*
AU  - Mequanint, F.*
AU  - Ndoli, A.*
AU  - Porter, C.H.*
AU  - Priesack, E.
AU  - Ripoche, D.*
AU  - Sida, T.S.*
AU  - Singh, U.*
AU  - Smith, W.N.*
AU  - Srivastava, A.*
AU  - Sinha, S.*
AU  - Tao, F.*
AU  - Thorburn, P.J.*
AU  - Timlin, D.*
AU  - Traore, B.*
AU  - Twine, T.*
AU  - Webber, H.*
C1  - 59946
C2  - 49144
CY  - 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
SP  - 5942-5964
TI  - Modelling climate change impacts on maize yields under low nitrogen input conditions in sub-Saharan Africa.
JO  - Glob. Change Biol.
VL  - 26
PB  - Wiley
PY  - 2020
SN  - 1354-1013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Warming occurs in the Arctic twice as fast as the global average, which in turn leads to a large enhancement in terpenoid emissions from vegetation. Volatile terpenoids are the main class of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that play crucial roles in atmospheric chemistry and climate. However, the biochemical mechanisms behind the temperature-dependent increase in VOC emissions from subarctic ecosystems are largely unexplored. Using 13 CO2 -labeling, we studied the origin of VOCs and the carbon (C) allocation under global warming in the soil-plant-atmosphere system of contrasting subarctic heath tundra vegetation communities characterized by dwarf shrubs of the genera Salix or Betula. The projected temperature rise of the subarctic summer by 5°C was realistically simulated in sophisticated climate chambers. VOC emissions strongly depended on the plant species composition of the heath tundra. Warming caused increased VOC emissions and significant changes in the pattern of volatiles toward more reactive hydrocarbons. The 13 C was incorporated to varying degrees in different monoterpene and sesquiterpene isomers. We found that de novo monoterpene biosynthesis contributed to 40%-44% (Salix) and 60%-68% (Betula) of total monoterpene emissions under the current climate, and that warming increased the contribution to 50%-58% (Salix) and 87%-95% (Betula). Analyses of above- and belowground 12/13 C showed shifts of C allocation in the plant-soil systems and negative effects of warming on C sequestration by lowering net ecosystem exchange of CO2 and increasing C loss as VOCs. This comprehensive analysis provides the scientific basis for mechanistically understanding the processes controlling terpenoid emissions, required for modeling VOC emissions from terrestrial ecosystems and predicting the future chemistry of the arctic atmosphere. By changing the chemical composition and loads of VOCs into the atmosphere, the current data indicate that global warming in the Arctic may have implications for regional and global climate and for the delicate tundra ecosystems.
AU  - Ghirardo, A.
AU  - Lindstein, F.*
AU  - Koch, K.
AU  - Buegger, F.
AU  - Schloter, M.
AU  - Albert, A.
AU  - Michelsen, A.*
AU  - Winkler, J.B.
AU  - Schnitzler, J.-P.
AU  - Rinnan, R.*
C1  - 58730
C2  - 48263
SP  - 1908-1925
TI  - Origin of volatile organic compound emissions from subarctic tundra under global warming.
JO  - Glob. Change Biol.
VL  - 26
IS  - 3
PY  - 2020
SN  - 1354-1013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Wheat grain protein concentration is an important determinant of wheat quality for human nutrition that is often overlooked in efforts to improve crop production. We tested and applied a 32-multi-model ensemble to simulate global wheat yield and quality in a changing climate. Potential benefits of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration by 2050 on global wheat grain and protein yield are likely to be negated by impacts from rising temperature and changes in rainfall, but with considerable disparities between regions. Grain and protein yields are expected to be lower and more variable in most low-rainfall regions, with nitrogen availability limiting growth stimulus from elevated CO2. Introducing genotypes adapted to warmer temperatures (and also considering changes in CO2 and rainfall) could boost global wheat yield by 7% and protein yield by 2%, but grain protein concentration would be reduced by -1.1 percentage points, representing a relative change of -8.6%. Climate change adaptations that benefit grain yield are not always positive for grain quality, putting additional pressure on global wheat production.
AU  - Asseng, S.*
AU  - Martre, P.*
AU  - Maiorano, A.*
AU  - Rötter, R.P.*
AU  - O'Leary, G.J.*
AU  - Fitzgerald, G.J.*
AU  - Girousse, C.*
AU  - Motzo, R.*
AU  - Giunta, F.*
AU  - Babar, M.A.*
AU  - Reynolds, M.P.*
AU  - Kheir, A.M.S.*
AU  - Thorburn, P.J.*
AU  - Waha, K.*
AU  - Ruane, A.C.*
AU  - Aggarwal, P.K.*
AU  - Ahmed, M.*
AU  - Balkovič, J.*
AU  - Basso, B.*
AU  - Biernath, C.J.
AU  - Bindi, M.*
AU  - Cammarano, D.*
AU  - Challinor, A.J.*
AU  - De Sanctis, G.*
AU  - Dumont, B.*
AU  - Eyshi Rezaei, E.*
AU  - Fereres, E.*
AU  - Ferrise, R.*
AU  - Garcia-Vila, M.*
AU  - Gayler, S.*
AU  - Gao, Y.*
AU  - Horan, H.*
AU  - Hoogenboom, G.*
AU  - Izaurralde, R.C.*
AU  - Jabloun, M.*
AU  - Jones, C.D.*
AU  - Kassie, B.T.*
AU  - Kersebaum, K.C.*
AU  - Klein, C.
AU  - Koehler, A.-K.*
AU  - Liu, B.*
AU  - Minoli, S.*
AU  - Montesino San Martin, M.*
AU  - Müller, C.*
AU  - Naresh Kumar, S.*
AU  - Nendel, C.*
AU  - Olesen, J.E.*
AU  - Palosuo, T.*
AU  - Porter, J.R.*
AU  - Priesack, E.
AU  - Ripoche, D.*
AU  - Semenov, M.A.*
AU  - Stöckle, C.*
AU  - Stratonovitch, P.*
AU  - Streck, T.*
AU  - Supit, I.*
AU  - Tao, F.*
AU  - Van der Velde, M.*
AU  - Wallach, D.*
AU  - Wang, E.*
AU  - Webber, H.*
AU  - Wolf, J.*
AU  - Xiao, L.*
AU  - Zhang, Z.*
AU  - Zhao, Z.*
AU  - Zhu, Y.*
AU  - Ewert, F.*
C1  - 54974
C2  - 46044
CY  - 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
SP  - 155-173
TI  - Climate change impact and adaptation for wheat protein.
JO  - Glob. Change Biol.
VL  - 25
IS  - 1
PB  - Wiley
PY  - 2019
SN  - 1354-1013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Efforts to limit global warming to below 2 degrees C in relation to the pre-industrial level are under way, in accordance with the 2015 Paris Agreement. However, most impact research on agriculture to date has focused on impacts of warming >2 degrees C on mean crop yields, and many previous studies did not focus sufficiently on extreme events and yield interannual variability. Here, with the latest climate scenarios from the Half a degree Additional warming, Prognosis and Projected Impacts (HAPPI) project, we evaluated the impacts of the 2015 Paris Agreement range of global warming (1.5 and 2.0 degrees C warming above the pre-industrial period) on global wheat production and local yield variability. A multi-crop and multi-climate model ensemble over a global network of sites developed by the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP) for Wheat was used to represent major rainfed and irrigated wheat cropping systems. Results show that projected global wheat production will change by -2.3% to 7.0% under the 1.5 degrees C scenario and -2.4% to 10.5% under the 2.0 degrees C scenario, compared to a baseline of 1980-2010, when considering changes in local temperature, rainfall, and global atmospheric CO2 concentration, but no changes in management or wheat cultivars. The projected impact on wheat production varies spatially; a larger increase is projected for temperate high rainfall regions than for moderate hot low rainfall and irrigated regions. Grain yields in warmer regions are more likely to be reduced than in cooler regions. Despite mostly positive impacts on global average grain yields, the frequency of extremely low yields (bottom 5 percentile of baseline distribution) and yield inter-annual variability will increase under both warming scenarios for some of the hot growing locations, including locations from the second largest global wheat producer-India, which supplies more than 14% of global wheat. The projected global impact of warming <2 degrees C on wheat production is therefore not evenly distributed and will affect regional food security across the globe as well as food prices and trade.
AU  - Liu, B.*
AU  - Martre, P.*
AU  - Ewert, F.*
AU  - Porter, J.R.*
AU  - Challinor, A.J.*
AU  - Müller, C.*
AU  - Ruane, A.C.*
AU  - Waha, K.*
AU  - Thorburn, P.J.*
AU  - Aggarwal, P.K.*
AU  - Ahmed, M.*
AU  - Balkovič, J.*
AU  - Basso, B.*
AU  - Biernath, C.J.
AU  - Bindi, M.*
AU  - Cammarano, D.*
AU  - de Sanctis, G.*
AU  - Dumont, B.*
AU  - Espadafor, M.*
AU  - Eyshi Rezaei, E.*
AU  - Ferrise, R.*
AU  - Garcia-Vila, M.*
AU  - Gayler, S.*
AU  - Gao, Y.*
AU  - Horan, H.*
AU  - Hoogenboom, G.*
AU  - Izaurralde, R.C.*
AU  - Jones, C.D.*
AU  - Kassie, B.T.*
AU  - Kersebaum, K.C.*
AU  - Klein, C.
AU  - Koehler, A.-K.*
AU  - Maiorano, A.*
AU  - Minoli, S.*
AU  - Montesino San Martin, M.*
AU  - Kumar, S.N.*
AU  - Nendel, C.*
AU  - O'Leary, G.J.*
AU  - Palosuo, T.*
AU  - Priesack, E.
AU  - Ripoche, D.*
AU  - Rötter, R.P.*
AU  - Semenov, M.A.*
AU  - Stöckle, C.*
AU  - Streck, T.*
AU  - Supit, I.*
AU  - Tao, F.*
AU  - Van der Velde, M.*
AU  - Wallach, D.*
AU  - Wang, E.*
AU  - Webber, H.*
AU  - Wolf, J.*
AU  - Xiao, L.*
AU  - Zhang, Z.*
AU  - Zhao, Z.*
AU  - Zhu, Y.*
AU  - Asseng, S.*
C1  - 54925
C2  - 45974
CY  - 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
SP  - 1428-1444
TI  - Global wheat production with 1.5 and 2.0°C above pre‐industrial warming.
JO  - Glob. Change Biol.
VL  - 25
IS  - 4
PB  - Wiley
PY  - 2019
SN  - 1354-1013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Forest ecosystems in central Europe are predicted to face an increasing frequency and severity of summer droughts because of global climate change. European beech and Norway spruce often coexist in these forests with mostly positive effects on their growth. However, their different below-ground responses to drought may lead to differences in ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal community composition and functions which we examined at the individual root and ecosystem levels. We installed retractable roofs over plots in Kranzberg Forest (11 degrees 39'42 '' E, 48 degrees 25'12 '' N; 490 m a.s.l.) to impose repeated summer drought conditions and assigned zones within each plot where trees neighboured the same or different species to study mixed species effects. We found that ECM fungal community composition changed and the numbers of vital mycorrhizae decreased for both tree species over 3 drought years (2014-2016), with the ECM fungal community diversity of beech exhibiting a faster and of spruce a stronger decline. Mixed stands had a positive effect on the ECM fungal community diversity of both tree species after the third drought year. Ectomycorrhizae with long rhizomorphs increased in both species under drought, indicating long-distance water transport. However, there was a progressive decline in the number of vital fine roots during the experiment, resulting in a strong reduction in enzyme activity per unit volume of soil. Hydrolytic enzyme activities of the surviving ectomycorrhizae were stable or stimulated upon drought, but there was a large decline in ECM fungal species with laccase activity, indicating a decreased potential to exploit nutrients bound to phenolic compounds. Thus, the ectomycorrhizae responded to repeated drought by maintaining or increasing their functionality at the individual root level, but were unable to compensate for quantitative losses at the ecosystem level. These findings demonstrate a strong below-ground impact of recurrent drought events in forests.
AU  - Nickel, U.T.
AU  - Weikl, F.
AU  - Kerner, R.C.
AU  - Schäfer, C.*
AU  - Kallenbach, C.*
AU  - Munch, J.C.*
AU  - Pritsch, K.
C1  - 52187
C2  - 43823
CY  - Hoboken
SP  - E560-E576
TI  - Quantitative losses vs. qualitative stability of ectomycorrhizal community responses to 3 years of experimental summer drought in a beech-spruce forest.
JO  - Glob. Change Biol.
VL  - 24
IS  - 2
PB  - Wiley
PY  - 2018
SN  - 1354-1013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - A recent innovation in assessment of climate change impact on agricultural production has been to use crop multimodel ensembles (MMEs). These studies usually find large variability between individual models but that the ensemble mean (e-mean) and median (e-median) often seem to predict quite well. However, few studies have specifically been concerned with the predictive quality of those ensemble predictors. We ask what is the predictive quality of e-mean and e-median, and how does that depend on the ensemble characteristics. Our empirical results are based on five MME studies applied to wheat, using different data sets but the same 25 crop models. We show that the ensemble predictors have quite high skill and are better than most and sometimes all individual models for most groups of environments and most response variables. Mean squared error of e-mean decreases monotonically with the size of the ensemble if models are added at random, but has a minimum at usually 2-6 models if best-fit models are added first. Our theoretical results describe the ensemble using four parameters: average bias, model effect variance, environment effect variance, and interaction variance. We show analytically that mean squared error of prediction (MSEP) of e-mean will always be smaller than MSEP averaged over models and will be less than MSEP of the best model if squared bias is less than the interaction variance. If models are added to the ensemble at random, MSEP of e-mean will decrease as the inverse of ensemble size, with a minimum equal to squared bias plus interaction variance. This minimum value is not necessarily small, and so it is important to evaluate the predictive quality of e-mean for each target population of environments. These results provide new information on the advantages of ensemble predictors, but also show their limitations.
AU  - Wallach, D.*
AU  - Martre, P.*
AU  - Liu, B.*
AU  - Asseng, S.*
AU  - Ewert, F.*
AU  - Thorburn, P.J.*
AU  - van Ittersum, M.*
AU  - Aggarwal, P.K.*
AU  - Ahmed, M.*
AU  - Basso, B.*
AU  - Biernath, C.J.
AU  - Cammarano, D.*
AU  - Challinor, A.J.*
AU  - de Sanctis, G.*
AU  - Dumont, B.*
AU  - Eyshi Rezaei, E.*
AU  - Fereres, E.*
AU  - Fitzgerald, G.J.*
AU  - Gao, Y.*
AU  - Garcia-Vila, M.*
AU  - Gayler, S.*
AU  - Girousse, C.*
AU  - Hoogenboom, G.*
AU  - Horan, H.*
AU  - Izaurralde, R.C.*
AU  - Jones, C.D.*
AU  - Kassie, B.T.*
AU  - Kersebaum, K.C.*
AU  - Klein, C.
AU  - Koehler, A.-K.*
AU  - Maiorano, A.*
AU  - Minoli, S.*
AU  - Müller, C.*
AU  - Naresh Kumar, S.*
AU  - Nendel, C.*
AU  - O'Leary, G.J.*
AU  - Palosuo, T.*
AU  - Priesack, E.
AU  - Ripoche, D.*
AU  - Rötter, R.P.*
AU  - Semenov, M.A.*
AU  - Stöckle, C.*
AU  - Stratonovitch, P.*
AU  - Streck,T.*
AU  - Supit, I.*
AU  - Tao, F.*
AU  - Wolf, J.*
AU  - Zhang, Z.*
C1  - 54022
C2  - 45210
CY  - 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
SP  - 5072-5083
TI  - Multimodel ensembles improve predictions of crop-environment-management interactions.
JO  - Glob. Change Biol.
VL  - 24
IS  - 11
PB  - Wiley
PY  - 2018
SN  - 1354-1013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Data from remote sensing and Eddy towers indicate that forests are not always net sinks for atmospheric CH4. However, studies describing specific sources within forests and functional analysis of microorganisms on sites with CH4 turnover are scarce. Feather moss stands were considered to be net sinks for carbon dioxide, but received little attention to their role in CH4 cycling. Therefore, we investigated methanogenic rates and pathways together with the methanogenic microbial community composition in feather moss stands from temperate and boreal forests. Potential rates of CH4 emission from intact moss stands (n = 60) under aerobic conditions ranged between 19 and 133 pmol CH4 h-1 gdw-1. Temperature and water content positively influenced CH4 emission. Methanogenic potentials determined under N2 atmosphere in darkness ranged between 22 and 157 pmol CH4 h-1 gdw-1. Methane production was strongly inhibited by bromoethane sulfonate or chloroform, showing that CH4 was of microbial origin. The moss samples tested contained fluorescent microbial cells and between 104 and 105 copies per gram dry weight moss of the mcrA gene coding for a subunit of the methyl CoM reductase. Archaeal 16S rRNA and mcrA gene sequences in the moss stands were characteristic for the archaeal families Methanobacteriaceae and Methanosarcinaceae. The potential methanogenic rates were similar in incubations with and without methyl fluoride, indicating that the CH4 was produced by the hydrogenotrophic rather than aceticlastic pathway. Consistently, the CH4 produced was depleted in 13C in comparison with the moss biomass carbon and acetate accumulated to rather high concentrations (3-62 mM). The δ13C of acetate was similar to that of the moss biomass, indicating acetate production by fermentation. Our study showed that the feather moss stands contained active methanogenic microbial communities producing CH4 by hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis and causing net emission of CH4 under ambient conditions, albeit at low rates.
AU  - Kanaparthi, D.
AU  - Reim, A.*
AU  - Martinson, G.O.*
AU  - Pommerenke, B.*
AU  - Conrad, R.*
C1  - 51415
C2  - 43507
CY  - Hoboken
SP  - 4884-4895
TI  - Methane emission from feather moss stands.
JO  - Glob. Change Biol.
VL  - 23
IS  - 11
PB  - Wiley
PY  - 2017
SN  - 1354-1013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - The carbon and nitrogen rich soils of montane grasslands are exposed to above average warming and to altered precipitation patterns as a result of global change. In order to investigate the consequences of climatic change for soil nitrogen turnover, we translocated intact plant-soil mesocosms along an elevational gradient, resulting in an increase of the mean annual temperature by approx. 2°C while decreasing precipitation from approx. 1500 to 1000 mm. Following three years of equilibration, we monitored the dynamics of gross nitrogen turnover and ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) in soils over an entire year. Gross nitrogen turnover and gene levels of AOB and AOA showed pronounced seasonal dynamics. Both summer and winter periods equally contributed to cumulative annual N turnover. However, highest gross N turnover and abundance of ammonia oxidizers were observed in frozen soil of the climate change site, likely due to physical liberation of organic substrates and their rapid turnover in the unfrozen soil water film. This effect was not observed at the control site, where as soil freezing did not occur due to a significant insulating snowpack. Climate change conditions accelerated gross nitrogen mineralization by 250% on average. Increased N mineralization significantly stimulated gross nitrification by AOB rather than by AOA. However, climate change impacts were restricted to the 2-6 cm topsoil and rarely occurred at 12-16 cm depth, where generally much lower N turnover was observed. Our study shows that significant mineralization pulses occur under changing climate, which is likely to result in soil organic matter losses with their associated negative impacts on key soil functions. We also show that N cycling processes in frozen soil can be hot moments for N turnover and thus are of paramount importance for understanding seasonal patterns, annual sum of N turnover and possible climate change feedbacks.
AU  - Wang, C.*
AU  - Chen, Z.*
AU  - Unteregelsbacher, S.*
AU  - Lu, H.*
AU  - Gschwendtner, S.
AU  - Gasche, R.*
AU  - Kolar, A.*
AU  - Schloter, M.
AU  - Kiese, R.*
AU  - Butterbach-Bahl, K.*
AU  - Dannenmann, M.*
C1  - 48656
C2  - 41243
CY  - Hoboken
SP  - 2963-2978
TI  - Climate change amplifies gross nitrogen turnover in montane grasslands of Central Europe both in summer and winter seasons.
JO  - Glob. Change Biol.
VL  - 22
IS  - 9
PB  - Wiley-blackwell
PY  - 2016
SN  - 1354-1013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Crop models of crop growth are increasingly used to quantify the impact of global changes due to climate or crop management. Therefore, accuracy of simulation results is a major concern. Studies with ensembles of crop models can give valuable information about model accuracy and uncertainty, but such studies are difficult to organize and have only recently begun. We report on the largest ensemble study to date, of 27 wheat models tested in four contrasting locations for their accuracy in simulating multiple crop growth and yield variables. The relative error averaged over models was 24-38% for the different end-of-season variables including grain yield (GY) and grain protein concentration (GPC). There was little relation between error of a model for GY or GPC and error for in-season variables. Thus, most models did not arrive at accurate simulations of GY and GPC by accurately simulating preceding growth dynamics. Ensemble simulations, taking either the mean (e-mean) or median (e-median) of simulated values, gave better estimates than any individual model when all variables were considered. Compared to individual models, e-median ranked first in simulating measured GY and third in GPC. The error of e-mean and e-median declined with an increasing number of ensemble members, with little decrease beyond 10 models. We conclude that multimodel ensembles can be used to create new estimators with improved accuracy and consistency in simulating growth dynamics. We argue that these results are applicable to other crop species, and hypothesize that they apply more generally to ecological system models.
AU  - Martre, P.*
AU  - Wallach, D.*
AU  - Asseng, S.*
AU  - Ewert, F.*
AU  - Jones, J.W.*
AU  - Rötter, R.P.*
AU  - Boote, K.J.*
AU  - Ruane, A.C.*
AU  - Thorburn, P.J.*
AU  - Cammarano, D.*
AU  - Hatfield, J.L.*
AU  - Rosenzweig, C.*
AU  - Aggarwal, P.K.*
AU  - Angulo, C.*
AU  - Basso, B.*
AU  - Bertuzzi, P.*
AU  - Biernath, C.J.
AU  - Brisson, N.*
AU  - Challinor, A.J.*
AU  - Doltra, J.*
AU  - Gayler, S.*
AU  - Goldberg, R.*
AU  - Grant, R.F.*
AU  - Heng, L.*
AU  - Hooker, J.*
AU  - Hunt, L.A.*
AU  - Ingwersen, J.*
AU  - Izaurralde, R.C.*
AU  - Kersebaum, K.C.*
AU  - Müller, C.*
AU  - Kumar, S.N.*
AU  - Nendel, C.*
AU  - O'Leary, G.*
AU  - Olesen, J.E.*
AU  - Osborne, T.M.*
AU  - Palosuo, T.*
AU  - Priesack, E.
AU  - Ripoche, D.*
AU  - Semenov, M.A.*
AU  - Shcherbak, I.*
AU  - Steduto, P.*
AU  - Stöckle, C.O.*
AU  - Stratonovitch, P.*
AU  - Streck,T.*
AU  - Supit, I.*
AU  - Tao, F.*
AU  - Travasso, M.*
AU  - Waha, K.*
AU  - White, J.W.*
AU  - Wolf, J.*
C1  - 32605
C2  - 35155
CY  - Hoboken
SP  - 911-925
TI  - Multimodel ensembles of wheat growth: Many models are better than one.
JO  - Glob. Change Biol.
VL  - 21
IS  - 2
PB  - Wiley-blackwell
PY  - 2015
SN  - 1354-1013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Several factors influence land availability for the growth of short rotation coppices (SRC) with fast-growing tree species, including the nationwide availability of agricultural land, economic efficiency, ecological impacts, political boundaries and environmental protection regulations. In this study, we analysed the growing potential of poplar and willow SRC for bioenergy purposes in Germany without negative ecological impacts or land use conflicts. The potential biomass production using SRC on agricultural land in Germany was assessed taking into account ecological, ethical, political and technical restrictions. Using a geographic information system (GIS), digital site maps, climate data and a digital terrain model, the SRC biomass production potential on cropland and grassland was estimated using water supply and mean temperature during the growing season as parameters. From this analysis, a yield model for SRC was developed based on the analysed growth data and site information of 62 short rotation plantations in Germany and France. To assess the technical, ethical and ecological potential of SRC, restrictions in protected areas, technical constraints and competition with food and feed production were investigated. Our results revealed that approximately 18% (2.12 Mio. ha) of cropland and 54% (2.5 Mio. ha) of grassland in Germany were highly suitable for SRC plantations, providing favourable water supplies and mean temperatures during the growing season. These identified sites produced an average yield of more than 14 tons of dry matter per hectare per year. Due to local climate and soil conditions, the federal states in northern and eastern Germany had the highest theoretical SRC potential for agricultural land. After considering all ecological, ethical, political and technical restrictions, as well as future climate predictions, 5.7% (680 000 ha) of cropland and 33% (1.5 Mio. ha) of grassland in Germany were classified as suitable for biomass production with fast-growing tree species in SRC.
AU  - Aust, C.*
AU  - Schweier, J.*
AU  - Brodbeck, F.*
AU  - Sauter, H.H.*
AU  - Becker, G.*
AU  - Schitzler, J.-P.
C1  - 26078
C2  - 32058
CY  - Hoboken
SP  - 521-533
TI  - Land availability and potential biomass production with poplar and willow short rotation coppices in Germany.
JO  - Glob. Change Biol.
VL  - 6
IS  - 5
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
PY  - 2014
SN  - 1354-1013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Potential consequences of climate change on crop production can be studied using mechanistic crop simulation models. While a broad variety of maize simulation models exist, it is not known whether different models diverge on grain yield responses to changes in climatic factors, or whether they agree in their general trends related to phenology, growth and yield. With the goal of analyzing the sensitivity of simulated yields to changes in temperature and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations [CO2 ], we present the largest maize crop model inter-comparison to date, including 23 different models. These models were evaluated for four locations representing a wide range of maize production conditions in the world: Lusignan (France), Ames (USA), Rio Verde (Brazil) and Morogoro (Tanzania). While individual models differed considerably in absolute yield simulation at the four sites, an ensemble of a minimum number of models was able to simulate absolute yields accurately at the four sites even with low data for calibration, thus suggesting that using an ensemble of models has merit. Temperature increase had strong negative influence on modeled yield response of roughly -0.5 Mg.ha(-1) per °C. Doubling [CO2 ] from 360 to 720 μmol mol(-1) increased grain yield by 7.5% on average across models and the sites. That would therefore make temperature the main factor altering maize yields at the end of this Century. Furthermore, there was a large uncertainty in the yield response to [CO2 ] among models. Model responses to temperature and [CO2 ] did not differ whether models were simulated with low calibration information or, simulated with high level of calibration information.
AU  - Bassu, S.*
AU  - Brisson, N.*
AU  - Durand, J.L.*
AU  - Boote, K.J.*
AU  - Lizaso, J.*
AU  - Jones, J.W.*
AU  - Rosenzweig, C.*
AU  - Ruane, A.C.*
AU  - Adam, M.*
AU  - Baron, C.*
AU  - Basso, B.*
AU  - Biernath, C.J.
AU  - Boogaard, H.*
AU  - Conijn, S.*
AU  - Corbeels, M.*
AU  - Deryng, D.*
AU  - de Sanctis, G.*
AU  - Gayler, S.*
AU  - Grassini, P.*
AU  - Hatfield, J.L.*
AU  - Hoek, S.*
AU  - Izaurralde, C.*
AU  - Jongschaap, R.*
AU  - Kemanian, A.R.*
AU  - Kersebaum, K.C.*
AU  - Kumar, N.S.*
AU  - Makowski, D.*
AU  - Müller, C.*
AU  - Nendel, C.*
AU  - Priesack, E.
AU  - Pravia, M.V.*
AU  - Kim, S.H.*
AU  - Sau, F.*
AU  - Shcherbak, I.*
AU  - Tao, F.*
AU  - Teixeira, E.*
AU  - Timlin, D.*
AU  - Waha, K.*
C1  - 29166
C2  - 32462
CY  - Hoboken
SP  - 2301-2320
TI  - How do various maize crop models vary in their responses to climate change factors?
JO  - Glob. Change Biol.
VL  - 20
IS  - 7
PB  - Wiley-blackwell
PY  - 2014
SN  - 1354-1013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - The application of calcium- and magnesium-rich materials to soil, known as liming, has long been a foundation of many agro-ecosystems worldwide because of its role in counteracting soil acidity. Although liming contributes to increased rates of respiration from soil thereby potentially reducing soils ability to act as a CO(2) sink, the long-term effects of liming on soil organic carbon (C(org)) sequestration are largely unknown. Here, using data spanning 129 years of the Park Grass Experiment at Rothamsted (UK), we show net C(org) sequestration measured in the 0-23 cm layer at different time intervals since 1876 was 2-20 times greater in limed than in unlimed soils. The main cause of this large C(org) accrual was greater biological activity in limed soils, which despite increasing soil respiration rates, led to plant C inputs being processed and incorporated into resistant soil organo-mineral pools. Limed organo-mineral soils showed: (1) greater C(org) content for similar plant productivity levels (i.e. hay yields); (2) higher 14C incorporation after 1950s atomic bomb testing and (3) lower C : N ratios than unlimed organo-mineral soils, which also indicate higher microbial processing of plant C. Our results show that greater C(org) sequestration in limed soils strongly reduced the global warming potential of long-term liming to permanent grassland suggesting the net contribution of agricultural liming to global warming could be lower than previously estimated. Our study demonstrates that liming might prove to be an effective mitigation strategy, especially because liming applications can be associated with a reduced use of nitrogen fertilizer which is a key cause for increased greenhouse gas emissions from agro-ecosystems.
AU  - Fornara, D.A.*
AU  - Steinbeiss, S.
AU  - McNamara, N.P.*
AU  - Gleixner, G.*
AU  - Oakley, S.*
AU  - Poulton, P.R.*
AU  - Macdonald, A.J.*
AU  - Bardgett, R.D.*
C1  - 6913
C2  - 29445
SP  - 1925-1934
TI  - Increases in soil organic carbon sequestration can reduce the global warming potential of long-term liming to permanent grassland
JO  - Glob. Change Biol.
VL  - 17
IS  - 5
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
PY  - 2011
SN  - 1354-1013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Lowland rice paddy soils may accumulate significant amounts of organic matter. Our aim was to investigate the role of prolonged paddy management on the nitrogen (N) status of the soils, and to elucidate the contribution of bacteria and fungi to long-term N accumulation processes. For this purpose, we sampled a chronosequence of 0-2000 years of rice cropping with adjacent non-paddy systems in the Bay of Hangzhou, China. The samples were analyzed for bulk density, total, mineral and microbial N (N(mic)), and amino sugars as markers for microbial residues. The results showed that during the first 100 years of land embankment, both paddy and non-paddy soils accumulated N at a rate of up to 61 and 77 kg ha(-1) per annum, reaching steady-state conditions after 110-172 years, respectively. Final N stocks in paddy fields exceeded those of the non-paddies by a factor of 1.3. The contribution of amino sugars to total N increased to a maximum of 34 g N kg(-1) N in both land-use systems, highlighting a significant accumulation of N in microbial residues of the surface soils. Correspondingly, the ratio of N(mic) to microbial residue-N decreased to a constant value. In the paddy subsoils, we found that bacterial residues particularly contributed to the pool of microbial residue-N. Nevertheless, the absolute contents of amino sugars in paddy subsoils decreased during the last 1700 years of the chronosequence. We conclude that under paddy cultivation, soil microorganisms may accumulate parts of this N in their residues despite low overall N availability. However, this N accumulation is limited to initial stages of paddy soil development and restricted to the surface horizons, thus challenging its sustainability with future land-use changes.
AU  - Roth, P.J.*
AU  - Lehndorff, E.*
AU  - Cao, Z.H.*
AU  - Zhuang, S.Y.*
AU  - Bannert, A.*
AU  - Wissing, L.*
AU  - Schloter, M.
AU  - Kögel-Knabner, I.*
AU  - Amelung, W.*
C1  - 6170
C2  - 29238
SP  - 3405-3417
TI  - Accumulation of nitrogen and microbial residues during 2000 years of rice paddy and non-paddy soil development in the Yangtze River Delta, China.
JO  - Glob. Change Biol.
VL  - 17
IS  - 11
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
PY  - 2011
SN  - 1354-1013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Permafrost environments within the Siberian Arctic are natural sources of the climate relevant trace gas methane. In order to improve our understanding of the present and future carbon dynamics in high latitudes, we studied the methane concentration, the quantity and quality of organic matter, and the activity and biomass of the methanogenic community in permafrost deposits. For these investigations a permafrost core of Holocene age was drilled in the Lena Delta (72°22'N, 126°28'E). The organic carbon of the permafrost sediments varied between 0.6% and 4.9% and was characterized by an increasing humification index with permafrost depth. A high CH4 concentration was found in the upper 4 m of the deposits, which correlates well with the methanogenic activity and archaeal biomass (expressed as PLEL concentration). Even the incubation of core material at -3 and -6°C with and without substrates showed a significant CH4 production (range: 0.04–0.78 nmol CH4 h-1 g-1). The results indicated that the methane in Holocene permafrost deposits of the Lena Delta originated from modern methanogenesis by cold-adapted methanogenic archaea. Microbial generated methane in permafrost sediments is so far an underestimated factor for the future climate development.
AU  - Wagner, D.E.*
AU  - Gattinger, A.
AU  - Embacher, A.
AU  - Pfeiffer, E.-M.*
AU  - Schloter, M.
AU  - Lipski, A.*
C1  - 4557
C2  - 24338
SP  - 1089-1099
TI  - Methanogenic activity and biomass in Holocene permafrost deposits of the Lena Delta, Siberian Arctic and its implication for the global methane budget.
JO  - Glob. Change Biol.
VL  - 13
IS  - 5
PB  - Blackwell
PY  - 2007
SN  - 1354-1013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barnard, R.*
AU  - Barthes, L.*
AU  - Le Roux, X.*
AU  - Harmens, H.*
AU  - Raschi, A.*
AU  - Soussana, J.-F.*
AU  - Winkler, B.
AU  - Leadley, P.W.*
C1  - 236
C2  - 21825
SP  - 488-497
TI  - Atmospheric CO2 elevation has little effect on nitrifying and denitrifying enzyme activity in four European grasslands.
JO  - Glob. Change Biol.
VL  - 10
PY  - 2004
SN  - 1354-1013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Elevated levels of both ozone and UV-B radiation are typical for high-altitude sites. Few studies have investigated their possible interaction on plants. This study reports interactive effects of O-3 and UV-B radiation in four-year-old Norway spruce and Scots pine trees. The trees were cultivated in controlled environmental facilities under simulated climatic conditions recorded on Mt Wank, an Alpine mountain in Bavaria, and were exposed for one growing season to simulated ambient or twice-ambient ozone regimes at either near ambient or near zero UV-B radiation levels. Chlorotic mottling and yellowing of current year needles became obvious under twice-ambient O-3 in both species at the onset of a high ozone episode in July. Development of chlorotic mottling in relation to accumulated ozone concentrations over a threshold of 40 nL L-1 was more pronounced with near zero rather than ambient UV-B radiation levels. In Norway spruce, photosynthetic parameters at ambient CO2 concentration, measured at the end of the experiment, were reduced in trees cultivated under twice-ambient O-3, irrespective of the UV-B treatment. Effects on photosynthetic capacity and carboxylation efficiency were restricted to trees exposed to near zero levels of UV-B radiation, and twice-ambient O-3. The data indicate that UV-B radiation, applied together with O-3, ameliorates the detrimental effects of O-3. The data also demonstrate that foliar symptoms develop more rapidly in Scots pine than in Norway spruce at higher accumulated ozone concentrations.
AU  - Schnitzler, J.-P.
AU  - Langebartels, C.
AU  - Heller, W.
AU  - Liu, J.
AU  - Lippert, M.
AU  - Döhring, T.
AU  - Bahnweg, G.
AU  - Sandermann, H.
C1  - 23438
C2  - 31144
SP  - 83-94
TI  - Ameliorating effect of UV-B radiation on the response of Norway spruce and Scots pine to ambient ozone concentrations.
JO  - Glob. Change Biol.
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
PB  - Wiley
PY  - 1999
SN  - 1354-1013
ER  -