TY  - JOUR
AB  - Background Radiology staging reports (ie, oncologic reports) are written for referring physicians using complex medical terminology. Large language models (LLMs) show promise for simplifying medical text for patient use, but controlled studies evaluating the impact of LLM simplification on patients' comprehension of radiology reports are lacking. Purpose To evaluate whether LLM-based simplification of oncologic CT reports improves patients' cognitive workload, text comprehension, perception, and reading time. Materials and Methods This prospective, controlled, open-label, quasi-randomized trial enrolled 200 adults with cancer who underwent routine CT restaging. Between April and May 2025, participants were alternately assigned to receive either standard CT reports (100 participants) or LLM-simplified versions created using Llama 3.3 70B (Meta) with mandatory radiologist review (100 participants). The primary outcomes were participant-reported scores on nine seven-point Likert scale items, and composite scores, in the domains of cognitive workload, text comprehension, and report perception, as well as reading time. Secondary outcomes included readability metrics and independent radiologist assessments of report errors, usefulness, and quality. Statistical analyses included logistic regression adjusted for participant characteristics. Results Among the 200 participants (mean age, 64 years ± 14 [SD]; 112 male participants), simplified reports reduced the median reading time from 7 minutes to 2 minutes (P < .001). Participants who received simplified reports reported lower cognitive workload (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.18 [95% CI: 0.13, 0.25]), better comprehension (adjusted OR, 13.28 [95% CI: 9.31, 18.93]), and better perception of report usefulness (adjusted OR, 5.46 [95% CI: 3.55, 8.38]) than did those who received standard reports (all P < .001). Simplification improved report readability (mean Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, 8.89 ± 0.93 vs 13.69 ± 1.13; P < .001). Radiologist review revealed factual errors in 6% (moderate, 2%; severe, 4%), content omissions in 7% (minor, 2%; moderate, 1%; severe, 4%), and inappropriate additions in 3% (minor, 1%; moderate, 2%) of simplified reports. Conclusion LLM simplification of oncologic CT reports improved patient comprehension and reduced reading burden. However, clinically relevant errors were identified. © RSNA, 2025 Supplemental material is available for this article.
AU  - Prucker, P.*
AU  - Bressem, K.K.*
AU  - Peeken, J.C.
AU  - Jukic, M.*
AU  - Marka, A.W.*
AU  - Strenzke, M.*
AU  - Kim, S.H.*
AU  - Mertens, C.J.*
AU  - Weller, D.L.*
AU  - Lemke, T.*
AU  - Graf, M.M.*
AU  - Ziegelmayer, S.*
AU  - Kader, A.*
AU  - Lammert, J.*
AU  - Makowski, M.R.*
AU  - Busch, F.W.*
AU  - Adams, L.C.*
C1  - 76061
C2  - 58372
TI  - A prospective controlled trial of large language model-based simplification of oncologic CT reports for patients with cancer.
JO  - Radiology
VL  - 317
IS  - 2
PY  - 2025
SN  - 0033-8419
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Online supplemental material is available for this article.
AU  - Gassert, F.T.*
AU  - Burkhardt, R.
AU  - Gora, T.*
AU  - Pfeiffer, D.*
AU  - Fingerle, A.A.*
AU  - Sauter, A.P.*
AU  - Schilling, D.
AU  - Rummeny, E.J.*
AU  - Schmid, T.E.
AU  - Combs, S.E.
AU  - Wilkens, J.J.*
AU  - Pfeiffer, F.*
C1  - 64825
C2  - 51948
SP  - 696-698
TI  - X-ray dark-field CT for early detection of radiation-induced lung injury in a murine model.
JO  - Radiology
VL  - 303
IS  - 3
PY  - 2022
SN  - 0033-8419
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Background Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) provides specific in vivo information about tissue microstructure, which is increasingly recognized for various applications outside the central nervous system. However, standard sequence parameters are commonly adopted from optimized central nervous system protocols, thus potentially neglecting differences in tissue-specific diffusional behavior. Purpose To characterize the optimal tissue-specific diffusion imaging weighting scheme over the b domain in peripheral nerves under physiologic and pathologic conditions. Materials and Methods In this prospective cross-sectional study, 3-T MR neurography of the sciatic nerve was performed in healthy volunteers (n = 16) and participants with type 2 diabetes (n = 12). For DWI, 16 b values in the range of 0-1500 sec/mm2 were acquired in axial and radial diffusion directions of the nerve. With a region of interest-based approach, diffusion-weighted signal behavior as a function of b was estimated using standard monoexponential, biexponential, and kurtosis fitting. Goodness of fit was assessed to determine the optimal b value for two-point DWI/diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Results Non-Gaussian diffusional behavior was observed beyond b values of 600 sec/mm2 in the axial and 800 sec/mm2 in the radial diffusion direction in both participants with diabetes and healthy volunteers. Accordingly, the biexponential and kurtosis models achieved a better curve fit compared with the standard monoexponential model (Akaike information criterion >99.9% in all models), but the kurtosis model was preferred in the majority of cases. Significant differences between healthy volunteers and participants with diabetes were found in the kurtosis-derived parameters Dk and K. The results suggest an upper bound b value of approximately 700 sec/mm2 for optimal standard DWI/DTI in peripheral nerve applications. Conclusion In MR neurography, an ideal standard diffusion-weighted imaging/diffusion tensor imaging protocol with b = 700 sec/mm2 is suggested. This is substantially lower than in the central nervous system due to early-occurring non-Gaussian diffusion behavior and emphasizes the need for tissue-specific b value optimization. Including higher b values, kurtosis-derived parameters may represent promising novel imaging markers of peripheral nerve disease. ©RSNA, 2021 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Jang and Du in this issue.
AU  - Foesleitner, O.*
AU  - Sulaj, A.*
AU  - Sturm, V.*
AU  - Kronlage, M.*
AU  - Godel, T.*
AU  - Preisner, F.*
AU  - Nawroth, P.P.
AU  - Bendszus, M.*
AU  - Heiland, S.*
AU  - Schwarz, D.*
C1  - 63463
C2  - 51318
CY  - 820 Jorie Blvd, Suite 200, Oak Brook, Illinois, United States
SP  - 153-161
TI  - Diffusion MRI in peripheral nerves: Optimized b values and the role of non-Gaussian diffusion.
JO  - Radiology
VL  - 302
IS  - 1
PB  - Radiological Soc North America (rsna)
PY  - 2021
SN  - 0033-8419
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Background: The pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying painful symptoms in diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) are poorly understood.They may be associated with MRI characteristics, which have not yet been investigated.Purpose: To investigate correlations between nerve structure, load and spatial distribution of nerve lesions, and pain in patients with DPN.Materials and Methods: In this prospective single-center cross-sectional study, participants with type 1 or 2 diabetes volunteered between June 2015 and March 2018. Participants underwent 3-T MR neurography of the sciatic nerve with a T2-weighed fat-suppressed sequence, which was preceded by clinical and electrophysiologic tests. For group comparisons, analysis of variance or the Kruskal-Wall is test was performed depending on Gaussian or non-Gaussian distribution of data. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated for correlation analysis.Results: A total of 131 participants (mean age, 62 years +/- 11 [standard deviation]; 82 men) with either type 1 (n = 45) or type 2 (n = 86) diabetes were evaluated with painful (n = 64), painless (n = 37), or no (n = 30) DPN. Participants who had painful diabetic neuropathy had a higher percentage of nerve lesions in the full nerve volume (15.2% +/- 1.6) than did participants with nonpainful DPN (10.4% +/- 1.7, P = .03) or no DPN (8.3% +/- 1.7; P<.001). The amount and extension of T2-weighted hyperintense nerve lesions correlated positively with the neuropathy disability score (r = 0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.21, 0.52; r = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.20, 0.52, respectively) and the neuropathy symptom score (r = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.25, 0.55; r = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.17,0.49, respectively). Negative correlations were found for the tibial nerve conduction velocity (r = -0.23; 95% CI: -0.44, -0.01; r = 20.37; 95% CI: 20.55, 20.15, respectively). The cross-sectional area of the nerve was positively correlated with the neuropathy disability score (r = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.36). Negative correlations were found for the tibial nerve conduction velocity (r = 20.24; 95% CI: -0.45, -0.01).Conclusion: The amount and extension of T2-weighted hyperintense fascicular nerve lesions were greater in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy than in those with painless diabetic neuropathy. These results suggest that proximal fascicular damage is associated with the evolution of painful sensory symptoms in diabetic polyneuropathy.
AU  - Jende, J.M.E.*
AU  - Groener, J.B.*
AU  - Kender, Z.*
AU  - Rother, C.*
AU  - Hahn, A.*
AU  - Hilgenfeld, T.*
AU  - Juerchott, A.*
AU  - Preisner, F.*
AU  - Heiland, S.*
AU  - Kopf, S.*
AU  - Nawroth, P.P.
AU  - Bendszus, M.*
AU  - Kurz, F.T.*
C1  - 57991
C2  - 48021
CY  - 820 Jorie Blvd, Oak Brook, Il 60523 Usa
SP  - 405-414
TI  - Structural nerve remodeling at 3-t mr neurography differs between painful and painless diabetic polyneuropathy in type 1 or 2 diabetes.
JO  - Radiology
VL  - 294
IS  - 2
PB  - Radiological Soc North America
PY  - 2020
SN  - 0033-8419
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Background: Multispectral optical imaging has the capability of resoling hemoglobin, lipid,and water. Volumetric multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) is a hybrid imaging technique that provides a unique combination of functional and molecular contrast with real-time handheld imaging.Purpose: To investigate whether volumetric MSOT can provide real-time assessment of the anatomic and functional status of the human carotid artery bifurcation nonoinvasively.Materials and Methods: Imaging of healthy volunteers (n = 16) was performed with a custom-designed handheld volumetric MSOT scanner capable. of high-spatial-resolution (approximately 200 mu m) and real-time (10 volumes/sec) three-dimensional imaging, while further providing spectrosccopic capacity through fast tuning of the excitation light wavelength. For comparison and anatomic cross-validation, volunteers were also scanned with clinical B-mode US.Results: Volumetric MSOT achieved real-time imaging and characterization of the entire carotid bifurcation area across three dimensions simultaneously captured in a single volumetric image frame. Analysis of the acquired data further showed that a higher contrast-to-noise ratio can be achieved for wavelengths corresponding to a high optical absorption of oxygenated hemoglobin.Conclusion: The human carotid artery was visualized by using handheld volumetric multispectral optoacoustic tomography. This imaging approach is less prone to motion artifacts than are the conventional clinical imaging methods, holding promise for providing additional image-based biomarkers for noninvasive label-free assesment of carotid artery disease. (C) RSNA, 2019
AU  - Ivankovic, I.
AU  - Mercep, E.*
AU  - Schmedt, C.-G.*
AU  - Dean-Ben, X.L.
AU  - Razansky, D.
C1  - 55487
C2  - 46279
CY  - 820 Jorie Blvd, Oak Brook, Il 60523 Usa
SP  - 45-50
TI  - Real-time volumetric assessment of the human carotid artery: Handheld multispectral optoacoustic tomography.
JO  - Radiology
VL  - 291
IS  - 1
PB  - Radiological Soc North America
PY  - 2019
SN  - 0033-8419
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Purpose To study whether multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) can serve as a label-free imaging modality for the detection of lymph node micrometastases and in-transit metastases from melanoma on the basis of the intrinsic contrast of melanin in comparison to fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT). Materials and Methods The study was approved by the institutional animal care and use committee. Sequential MSOT was performed in a mouse B16F10 melanoma limb lymph node metastasis model (n = 13) to survey the development of macro-, micro- and in-transit metastases (metastases that are in transit from the primary tumor site to the local nodal basin) in vivo. The in vitro limit of detection was assessed in a B16F10 cell phantom. Signal specificity was determined on the basis of a simultaneous lymphadenitis (n = 4) and 4T1 breast cancer lymph metastasis (n = 2) model. MSOT was compared with intravenous FDG PET/CT. The diagnosis was assessed with histologic examination. Differences in the signal ratio (metastatic node to contralateral limb) between the two modalities were determined with the two-tailed paired t test. Results The mean signal ratios acquired with MSOT in micrometastases (2.5 ± 0.3, n = 6) and in-transit metastases (8.3 ± 5.8, n = 4) were higher than those obtained with FDG PET/CT (1.1 ± 0.5 [P < .01] and 1.3 ± 0.6 [P < .05], respectively). MSOT was able to help differentiate even small melanoma lymph node metastases from the other lymphadenopathies (P < .05 for both) in vivo, whereas FDG PET/CT could not (P > .1 for both). In vitro, the limit of detection was at an approximate cell density of five cells per microliter (P < .01). Conclusion MSOT enabled detection of melanoma lymph node micrometastases and in-transit metastases undetectable with FDG PET/CT and helped differentiate melanoma metastasis from other lymphadenopathies.
AU  - Neuschmelting, V.*
AU  - Lockau, H.*
AU  - Ntziachristos, V.
AU  - Grimm, J.*
AU  - Kircher, M.F.*
C1  - 48534
C2  - 41136
SP  - 137-150
TI  - Lymph node micrometastases and in-transit metastases from melanoma: In vivo detection with multispectral optoacoustic imaging in a mouse model.
JO  - Radiology
VL  - 280
IS  - 1
PY  - 2016
SN  - 0033-8419
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Purpose To investigate whether multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) developed for deep-tissue imaging in humans could enable the clinical assessment of major blood vessels and microvasculature. Materials and Methods The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University Medical Center Groningen (CCMO-NL-43587) and registered in the Dutch National Trial Registry (NTR4125). The authors designed a real-time handheld optoacoustic scanner for human use, based on a concave 8-MHz transducer array, attaining 135° angular coverage. They applied a single-pulse-frame (SPF) sequence, which enabled motion insensitive optoacoustic imaging during handheld operation. SPF optoacoustic imaging was applied to imaging arteries and microvascular landmarks in the lower extremities of 10 healthy volunteers. The diameters selected microvessels were determined by measuring the full width at half maximum through the vessels in the MSOT images. Duplex ultrasonography was performed on the same landmarks in seven of the 10 volunteers for subjective comparison to the corresponding optoacoustic images. Results Optoacoustic imaging resolved blood vessels as small as 100 µm in diameter and within 1 cm depth. Additionally, MSOT provided images reflecting hemoglobin oxygen saturation in blood vessels, clearly identifying arteries and veins, and was able to identify pulsation in arteries during imaging. Larger blood vessels, specifically the tibialis posterior and the dorsalis pedis arteries, were also visualized with MSOT. Conclusion Handheld MSOT was found to be capable of clinical vascular imaging, providing visualization of major blood vessels and microvasculature and providing images of hemoglobin oxygen saturation and pulsation.
AU  - Taruttis, A.*
AU  - Timmermans, A.*
AU  - Wouters, P.C.*
AU  - Kacprowicz, M.*
AU  - van Dam, G.M.*
AU  - Ntziachristos, V.
C1  - 49008
C2  - 41547
CY  - Oak Brook
SP  - 256-263
TI  - Optoacoustic imaging of human vasculature: Feasibility by using a handheld probe.
JO  - Radiology
VL  - 281
IS  - 1
PB  - Radiological Soc North America
PY  - 2016
SN  - 0033-8419
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Purpose To detail the rationale, design, and future perspective of implementing whole-body magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the German National Cohort, a large multicentric population-based study. Materials and Methods All institutional review boards approved the study, and informed consent is obtained before study enrollment. Participants are enrolled from a random sample of the general population at five dedicated imaging sites among 18 recruitment centers. MR imaging facilities are equipped with identical 3.0-T imager technology and use uniform MR protocols. Imager-specific hardware and software settings remained constant over the study period. On-site and centralized measures of image quality enable monitoring of completeness of the acquisitions and quality of each of the MR sequences. Certified radiologists read all MR imaging studies for presence of incidental findings according to predefined algorithms. Results Over a 4-year period, six participants per day are examined at each center, totaling a final imaging cohort of approximately 30 000 participants. The MR imaging protocol is identical for each site and comprises a set of 12 native series to cover neurologic, cardiovascular, thoracoabdominal, and musculoskeletal imaging phenotypes totaling approximately 1 hour of imaging time. A dedicated analysis platform as part of a central imaging core incorporates a thin client-based integrative and modular data handling platform to enable multicentric off-site image reading for incidental findings. Scientific analysis will be pursued on a per-project hypothesis-driven basis. Conclusion Population-based whole-body MR imaging as part of the German National Cohort will serve to compile a comprehensive image repository, will provide insight into physiologic variants and subclinical disease burden, and has the potential to enable identification of novel imaging biomarkers of risk.
AU  - Bamberg, F.*
AU  - Kauczor, H.U.*
AU  - Weckbach, S.*
AU  - Schlett, C.L.*
AU  - Forsting, M.*
AU  - Ladd, S.C.*
AU  - Greiser, K.H.*
AU  - Weber, M.A.*
AU  - Schulz-Menger, J.*
AU  - Niendorf, T.*
AU  - Pischon, T.*
AU  - Caspers, S.*
AU  - Amunts, K.*
AU  - Berger, K.*
AU  - Bülow, R.*
AU  - Hosten, N.*
AU  - Hegenscheid, K.*
AU  - Kröncke, T.*
AU  - Linseisen, J.
AU  - Günther, M.*
AU  - Hirsch, J.G.*
AU  - Köhn, A.*
AU  - Hendel, T.*
AU  - Wichmann, H.-E.
AU  - Schmidt, B.*
AU  - Jöckel, K.-H.*
AU  - Hoffmann, W.*
AU  - Kaaks, R.*
AU  - Reiser, M.F.*
AU  - Völzke, H.*
C1  - 44884
C2  - 37176
SP  - 206-220
TI  - Whole-body MR imaging in the German National Cohort: Rationale, design, and technical background.
JO  - Radiology
VL  - 277
IS  - 1
PY  - 2015
SN  - 0033-8419
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Purpose To propose and evaluate indocyanine green (ICG)-enhanced tomographic optical imaging for detection and characterization of synovitis in affected finger joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and differentiation from healthy joints in comparison to 3-T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Materials and Methods This prospective pilot study was approved by the institutional ethics committee. Six arthritic proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints in six patients (five women and one man; mean age ± standard deviation, 62.6 years ± 13.3) with clinically determined rheumatoid arthritis and six healthy PIP joints from six volunteers (four women and two men; mean age, 41.5 years ± 20.2) were examined with an ICG-enhanced fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) system and 3-T MR imaging as the standard of reference. The degree of inflammation was graded semiquantitatively on a four-point ordinate scale according to the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Clinical Trials Rheumatoid Arthritis MR Imaging Score, or OMERACT RAMRIS. FMT reconstructions were coregistered with the MR images. Groups were compared by using a two-sided t test, and a weighted κ coefficient was used for comparing FMT and MR imaging semiquantitative scores, as well as assessing intrareader agreement. Results FMT was used to detect synovitis in all arthritic joints. The reconstructed FMT signal correlated with MR imaging findings in intensity and spatial, transverse profile. Semiquantitative scoring of FMT correlated well with MR imaging findings (weighted κ coefficient = 0.90). The reconstructed quantitative FMT signal, denoting synovial hyperperfusion, was used to differentiate between synovitis and healthy joints (healthy joints, 1.25 ± 0.59; arthritic joints, 3.13 ± 1.03; P < .001). Conclusion FMT enhanced with ICG provided depth-resolved imaging of synovitis in PIP joints. FMT may help detect synovitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
AU  - Mohajerani, P.
AU  - Koch, M.
AU  - Thürmel, K.*
AU  - Haller, B.*
AU  - Rummeny, E.J.*
AU  - Ntziachristos, V.
AU  - Meier, R.*
C1  - 31285
C2  - 34307
CY  - Oak Brook
SP  - 865-874
TI  - Fluorescence-aided tomographic imaging of synovitis in the human finger.
JO  - Radiology
VL  - 272
IS  - 3
PB  - Radiological Soc North America
PY  - 2014
SN  - 0033-8419
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Purpose: To test the hypothesis that the joint distribution of x-ray transmission and dark-field signals obtained with a compact cone-beam preclinical scanner with a polychromatic source can be used to diagnose pulmonary emphysema in ex vivo murine lungs. Materials and Methods: The animal care committee approved this study. Three excised murine lungs with pulmonary emphysema and three excised murine control lungs were imaged ex vivo by using a grating-based micro-computed tomographic (CT) scanner. To evaluate the diagnostic value, the natural logarithm of relative transmission and the natural logarithm of dark-field scatter signal were plotted on a per-pixel basis on a scatterplot. Probability density function was fit to the joint distribution by using principle component analysis. An emphysema map was calculated based on the fitted probability density function. Results: The two-dimensional scatterplot showed a characteristic difference between control and emphysematous lungs. Control lungs had lower average median logarithmic transmission (-0.29 vs -0.18, P = .1) and lower average dark-field signal (-0.54 vs -0.37, P = .1) than emphysematous lungs. The angle to the vertical axis of the fitted regions also varied significantly (7.8 degrees for control lungs vs 15.9 degrees for emphysematous lungs). The calculated emphysema distribution map showed good agreement with histologic findings. Conclusion: X-ray dark-field scatter images of murine lungs obtained with a preclinical scanner can be used in the diagnosis of pulmonary emphysema.
AU  - Yaroshenko, A.*
AU  - Meinel, F.G.*
AU  - Bech, M.*
AU  - Tapfer, A.*
AU  - Velroyen, A.*
AU  - Schleede, S.*
AU  - Auweter, S.*
AU  - Bohla, A.
AU  - Yildirim, A.Ö.
AU  - Nikolaou, K.*
AU  - Bamberg, F.*
AU  - Eickelberg, O.
AU  - Reiser, M.F.*
AU  - Pfeiffer, F.*
C1  - 28329
C2  - 33364
SP  - 426-432
TI  - Pulmonary emphysema diagnosis with a preclinical small-animal X-ray dark-field scatter-contrast scanner.
JO  - Radiology
VL  - 269
IS  - 2
PB  - Radiological Soc. North America
PY  - 2013
SN  - 0033-8419
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - PURPOSE: To investigate whether multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) can reveal the heterogeneous distributions of exogenous agents of interest and vascular characteristics through tumors of several millimeters in diameter in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Procedures involving animals were approved by the government of Upper Bavaria. Imaging of subcutaneous tumors in mice was performed by using an experimental MSOT setup that produces transverse images at 10 frames per second with an in-plane resolution of approximately 150 μm. To study dynamic contrast enhancement, three mice with 4T1 tumors were imaged before and immediately, 20 minutes, 4 hours, and 24 hours after systemic injection of indocyanine green (ICG). Epifluorescence imaging was used for comparison. MSOT of a targeted fluorescent agent (6 hours after injection) and hemoglobin oxygenation was performed simultaneously (4T1 tumors: n = 3). Epifluorescence of cryosections served as validation. The accumulation owing to enhanced permeability and retention in tumors (4T1 tumors: n = 4, HT29 tumors: n = 3, A2780 tumors: n = 2) was evaluated with use of long-circulating gold nanorods (before and immediately, 1 hour, 5 hours, and 24 hours after injection). Dark-field microscopy was used for validation. RESULTS: Dynamic contrast enhancement with ICG was possible. MSOT, in contrast to epifluorescence imaging, showed a heterogeneous intratumoral agent distribution. Simultaneous imaging of a targeted fluorescent agent and oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin gave functional information about tumor vasculature in addition to the related agent uptake. The accumulation of gold nanorods in tumors seen at MSOT over time also showed heterogeneous uptake. CONCLUSION: MSOT enables live high-spatial-resolution observations through tumors, producing images of distributions of fluorochromes and nanoparticles as well as tumor vasculature.
AU  - Herzog, E.
AU  - Taruttis, A.
AU  - Bézière, N.
AU  - Lutich, A.A.*
AU  - Razansky, D.
AU  - Ntziachristos, V.
C1  - 7517
C2  - 29776
SP  - 461-468
TI  - Optical imaging of cancer heterogeneity with multispectral optoacoustic tomography.
JO  - Radiology
VL  - 263
IS  - 2
PB  - Radiological Society of North America
PY  - 2012
SN  - 0033-8419
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Daldrup-Link, H.E.*
AU  - Rudelius, M.*
AU  - Oostendorp, R.A.J.*
AU  - Settles, M.*
AU  - Piontek, G.*
AU  - Metz, S.*
AU  - Rosenbrock, H.*
AU  - Keller, U.*
AU  - Heinzmann, U.
AU  - Rummeny, E.J.*
AU  - Schlegel, J.*
AU  - Link, T.M.*
C1  - 22369
C2  - 21275
SP  - 760-767
TI  - Targeting of Hematopoitic Progenitor Cells with MR Contrast Agents1.
JO  - Radiology
VL  - 228
PY  - 2003
SN  - 0033-8419
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - PURPOSE: To determine whether the extent of subtle parenchymal hypoattenuation detected on computed tomographic (CT) scans obtained within 6 hours of ischemic stroke is a factor in predicting patients' response to thrombolytic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The baseline CT scans of 620 patients, who received either recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) or a placebo, in a double-blind, randomized multicenter trial were prospectively evaluated and assigned to one of three categories according to the extent of parenchymal hypoattenuation: none, 33% or less (small), or more than 33% (large) of the middle cerebral artery territory. The association between the extent of hypoattenuation on the baseline CT scans and the clinical outcome in the placebo-treated and the rt-PA-treated groups after 3 months was analyzed. RESULTS: In 215 patients with a small hypoattenuating area, treatment increased the chance of good outcome. In 336 patients with a normal CT scan and in 52 patients with a large hypoattenuating area, rt-PA had no beneficial effect but increased the risk for fatal brain hemorrhage. CONCLUSION: The response to rt-PA in patients with ischemic stroke can be predicted on the basis of initial CT findings of the extent of parenchymal hypoattenuation in the territory of the middle cerebral artery.
AU  - von Kummer, R.*
AU  - Allen, K.L.*
AU  - Holle, R.
AU  - Bozzao, L.*
AU  - Bastianello, S.*
AU  - Manelfe, C.*
AU  - Bluhmki, E.*
AU  - Ringleb, P.*
AU  - Meier, D.H.*
AU  - Hacke, W.*
C1  - 24184
C2  - 31460
SP  - 327-333
TI  - Acute stroke: Usefulness of early CT findings before thrombolytic therapy.
JO  - Radiology
VL  - 205
IS  - 2
PB  - Radiological Soc. North Amer.
PY  - 1997
SN  - 0033-8419
ER  -