TY  - JOUR
AB  - The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) is an international study aiming to investigate associations between dietary and other environmental factors and the risk of developing islet auto immunity and type 1 diabetes. Dietary intake was assessed using a 24-h recall and repeated 3-day food records and analyzed using country-specific food composition databases (FCDBs) in Finland, Germany, Sweden, and the U.S. with respective in-house calculation programs. A food grouping harmonization process between four country-specific FCDBs was conducted to evaluate and achieve comparability on food group definitions and quantification of food consumption across the countries. Systematic review revealed that the majority of existing food groups of the TEDDY FCDBs were not comparable. Therefore, a completely new classification system of 15 mutually exclusive main food groups (e.g. vegetables) and 89 subgroups (e.g. root vegetables, leafy vegetables) was developed. Foods and beverages were categorized into basic foods (single ingredient) and composite dishes (multiple ingredients). Composite dishes were broken down to ingredients using food composition data available in the FCDBs or generic recipes created for the harmonization effort. The daily consumption of every food group across FCDBs was quantified consistently as either raw or prepared weight depending on the food group to achieve maximal comparability.
AU  - Joslowski, G.
AU  - Aronsson, C.A.*
AU  - Ahonen, S.*
AU  - Butterworth, M.*
AU  - Rautanen, J.*
AU  - Norris, J.M.*
AU  - Virtanen, S.M.*
AU  - Uusitalo, U.*
C1  - 52132
C2  - 43764
CY  - San Diego
SP  - 79-88
TI  - Development of a harmonized food grouping system for between-country comparisons in the TEDDY Study.
JO  - J. Food Compos. Anal.
VL  - 63
PB  - Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science
PY  - 2017
SN  - 0889-1575
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - In this study calcium (Ca), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) were determined in most consumed baby foods in Europe including infant formulae and solid foods and beverages (SFB). Additionally, Cd and Zn contents were determined in baby foods from the “national baskets” of four selected countries (Italy, Spain, Slovakia, and Sweden). Overall, highest element levels were found in the soy-based infant formulae. Furthermore, the assessed daily/weekly intakes of the 0–9-month-old non-breast-fed infants were compared with the current safety limits of the 10 elements here analyzed. Assessment to Cd exposure to infants consuming commercial SFB was found to exceed the limit established by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) of a tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 2.5 μg Cd/kg bw. Furthermore, mercury acquisition higher than the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee of Food Additives (JECFA) established provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of 4 μg Hg/kg bw was determined for infants fed specifically with “follow on” milk infant formula. In regard to the estimated infant intakes of the non-essential (Pb and Ni) and the essential (Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se and Zn) elements the values were within the safety limits.
AU  - Pandelova, M.
AU  - Levy Lopez, W.
AU  - Michalke, B.
AU  - Schramm, K.-W.
C1  - 8593
C2  - 30197
SP  - 120-127
TI  - Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn contents in baby foods from the EU market: Comparison of assessed infant intakes with the present safety limits for minerals and trace elements.
JO  - J. Food Compos. Anal.
VL  - 27
IS  - 2
PB  - Elsevier Academic Press
PY  - 2012
SN  - 0889-1575
ER  -