TY - JOUR AU - Hong, J.* AU - Maguhn, J. AU - Freitag, D. AU - Kettrup, A. C1 - 21786 C2 - 19970 SP - 961-965 TI - Detection of volatile organic peroxides in indoor air. JO - Fresen. J. Anal. Chem. VL - 371 PY - 2001 SN - 0937-0633 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Menzinger, F. AU - Schmitt-Kopplin, P. AU - Frommberger, M. AU - Freitag, D. AU - Kettrup, A. C1 - 21697 C2 - 19889 SP - 25-34 TI - Partial-filling micellar electrokinetic chromatography and non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of selected agrochemicals. JO - Fresen. J. Anal. Chem. VL - 371 PY - 2001 SN - 0937-0633 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gawlik, B.M.* AU - Martens, D. AU - Henkelmann, B. AU - Schramm, K.-W. AU - Kettrup, A. AU - Muntau, H.* C1 - 21458 C2 - 19575 SP - 232-240 TI - River sediment (S-37) : A new analytical quality control material ensuring comparability of chlorinated hydrocarbon analysis during an international environmental study in China. JO - Fresen. J. Anal. Chem. VL - 367 PY - 2000 SN - 0937-0633 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gawlik, B.M.* AU - Martens, D. AU - Schramm, K.-W. AU - Kettrup, A. AU - Lamberty, A.* AU - Muntau, H.* C1 - 21459 C2 - 19576 SP - 407-411 TI - On the presence of PCDD/Fs and other chlorinated hydrocarbons in the second generation of the European Reference Soil Set - the EUROSOILS. JO - Fresen. J. Anal. Chem. VL - 368 PY - 2000 SN - 0937-0633 ER - TY - JOUR AB - On-line REMPI-TOFMS laser mass spectrometry (Resonance Enhanced Multi-Photon Ionization - Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry) was used to monitor combustion and pyrolysis byproducts from industrial combustion processes, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and monochlorobenzene in the flue gas of an industrial 22 MW hazardous waste incineration plant. Sampling at different places in the flue gas stream revealed the complexity of the processes responsible for the formation of the different chemical species, while time resolved measurements depicted the emission dynamics. © Springer-Verlag 2000. AU - Zimmermann, R. AU - Heger, H.J. AU - Kettrup, A. AU - Nikolai, U.* C1 - 33153 C2 - 19150 SP - 368-374 TI - Direct observation of the formation of aromatic pollutants in waste incineration flue gases by on-line REMPI-TOFMS laser mass spectrometry. JO - Fresen. J. Anal. Chem. VL - 366 IS - 4 PB - Springer PY - 2000 SN - 0937-0633 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Achatz, S. AU - Lörinci, G. AU - Hertkorn, N. AU - Gebefügi, I. AU - Kettrup, A. C1 - 21137 C2 - 19177 SP - 141-146 TI - Disturbance of the determination of aldehydes and ketones: Structural elucidation of degradation products derived from the reaction of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) with ozone. JO - Fresen. J. Anal. Chem. VL - 364 PY - 1999 SN - 0937-0633 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Risse, U. AU - Flammenkamp, E. AU - Kettrup, A. AU - Vandendriessche, S.* C1 - 20783 C2 - 18832 SP - 33-37 TI - Certification of contents of aromatic hydrocarbons in charcoal tubes - CRM 562. JO - Fresen. J. Anal. Chem. VL - 363 PY - 1999 SN - 0937-0633 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schick, B. AU - Risse, U. AU - Kettrup, A. C1 - 21468 C2 - 19585 SP - 709-713 TI - Generation of test gases from volatile and semivolatile organic compounds (VOC/SVOC). JO - Fresen. J. Anal. Chem. VL - 364 PY - 1999 SN - 0937-0633 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wolf, M. AU - Teichmann, G. AU - Hoque, E. AU - Szymczak, W. AU - Schimmack, W. C1 - 21934 C2 - 20378 SP - 596-599 TI - Copper speciation in aqueous solutions of fulvic acid and related molecular weight distributions. JO - Fresen. J. Anal. Chem. VL - 363 PY - 1999 SN - 0937-0633 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zimmermann, R. AU - Heger, H.J. AU - Kettrup, A. C1 - 20857 C2 - 18911 SP - 720-730 TI - On-line monitoring of traces of aromatic-, phenolic- and chlorinated components in flue gases of industrial scale incinerators and cigarette smoke by direct-inlet laser ionization-mass spectrometry (REMPI-TOFMS). JO - Fresen. J. Anal. Chem. VL - 363 PY - 1999 SN - 0937-0633 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A new method for the separation of organic antimony as trimethylantimony dichloride (TMSbCl2) and inorganic Sb(V) and Sb(III) by using anion exchange high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is presented. In comparison with previous work the detection limits for both species were significantly decreased, down to 5 ngL-1, mainly by avoiding any contamination from the Chromatographic device. Using an ultrasonic nebulizer (USN) improved the detection limits for inorganic Sb species, but was useless for the HPLC method due to problems in the recovery of the TMSbCl2. Matrix interferences of the Chromatographic determination were studied in detail and the method was applied to environmental samples assumed to contain organic antimony species. Additionally, the molecular structure of the TMSbCl2 in solution was studied by using electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) showing that this species occurs most probably as [TMSbOH]+ in aqueous solutions. AU - Lîntschinger, J. AU - Schramel, O. AU - Kettrup, A. C1 - 33006 C2 - 35248 SP - 96-102 TI - The analysis of antimony species by using ESI-MS and HPLC-ICP-MS. JO - Fresen. J. Anal. Chem. VL - 361 IS - 2 PY - 1998 SN - 0937-0633 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Platinum, emitted from automobile exhaust catalysts, is mainly oxidised in a humic soil, as described previously [1]. An experiment with nutrient plants was carried out to elucidate the bioavailability and accumulation of these platinum containing species. The plants [Allium cepa L. (Weiß, Frühling), Rephanus sativus L. (Riesenbutter), Vicia faba L. (Hedin, Herzfreya), Zea mays L. (Delis) and Solanum tuberosum L. (Selma)] were grown under natural conditions. For mass balances all ways of platinum transport into and out of the system were monitored during the growing period. Plants growing in untreated soil took up less than 1% of the platinum naturally present in the soil [0.15 ± 0.11 μgkg-1 (78%)]. Plants growing in soil treated with a platinum containing tunnel dust took up slightly more platinum. The comparison of ICP-quadrupole-MS results with those obtained by a double focusing magnetic sector ICP-MS showed a strong dependence of the platinum concentration on the Hf-content in the sample. An evaluation method for the correction of the Hf-influence for ICP-quadrupole-MS is presented. AU - Lustig, S. AU - Zang, S.* AU - Michalke, B. AU - Schramel, P. AU - Beck, W.M.* C1 - 33068 C2 - 35627 SP - 1157-1163 TI - Platinum determination in nutrient plants by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with special respect to the hafnium oxide interference. JO - Fresen. J. Anal. Chem. VL - 357 IS - 8 PY - 1997 SN - 0937-0633 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Information is provided about interferences in speciation investigations. Reasons for contamination and losses, stability problems, metal transfer effects or identification problems are ruled out and possible consequences are named. Logically, solutions and methods for quality assurance and quality control are described. The results prove the reliability of these methods, which should be the basis for further speciation investigations. AU - Michalke, B. C1 - 20669 C2 - 13885 SP - 2-6 TI - Quality control in speciation investigations. JO - Fresen. J. Anal. Chem. VL - 350 IS - 1-2 PY - 1994 SN - 0937-0633 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Günther, W.G. AU - Lintelmann, J. AU - Rose, E. AU - Kettrup, A. C1 - 20476 C2 - 13684 TI - Behaviour of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Triazine Herbicides in Water and Aquifer Material of a Drinking Water Recharge Plant. III: Investigations of the Behaviour of Triazine Herbicides During the Underground Passage. JO - Fresen. J. Anal. Chem. PY - 1993 SN - 0937-0633 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Oxynos, K. AU - Schladot, J.D. AU - Schmitzer, J. AU - Backhaus, F. AU - Kettrup, A. C1 - 20137 C2 - 13313 SP - 238-239 TI - Characterisation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in a third Generation Candidate Fish Reference Material (Limanda limanda) Prepared under Cryogenic Conditions. JO - Fresen. J. Anal. Chem. VL - 345 PY - 1993 SN - 0937-0633 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rose, E. AU - Lintelmann, J. AU - Günther, W.G. AU - Kettrup, A. C1 - 20465 C2 - 13673 SP - 995-999 TI - Behaviour of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Triazine Herbicides in Water and Aquifer- Material of a Drinking Water Recharge Plant. II: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) in Surface Water of the Ruhr and in Ground Water. JO - Fresen. J. Anal. Chem. VL - 346 PY - 1993 SN - 0937-0633 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In the fourth part of this series the solid phase in the water gathering ground is considered. Methods for the determination of PAHs in aquifer materials, sediments and suspended matter are described. A concentration profile for PAHs as a function of the depth is established in an aerobic aquifer. Sediment samples from the barrage lake of the water gathering plant and suspended matter from the area of the artificial infiltration were investigated; PAHs could be found in all materials. AU - Rose, E.* AU - Martens, D.* AU - Lintelmann, J. AU - Kicinski, H.G.* AU - Günther, W.J.* AU - Kettrup, A. C1 - 33866 C2 - 13623 SP - 44-51 TI - Behaviour of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and triazine herbicides in water and aquifer material of a drinking water recharge plant - IV. PAHs in the solid phase. JO - Fresen. J. Anal. Chem. VL - 347 IS - 1-2 PY - 1993 SN - 0937-0633 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In part I of this series the area of investigation and the determination methods for the investigated analytes were introduced. In this second part the results of a routine PAH determination in Ruhr surface water and ground water covering a two-years period at two-weekly intervals are presented. It could be established that the highest PAH concentrations in surface water occurred at an increased Ruhr water outlet. The hydrochemically dependent concentrations of suspended matter in the surface water are defined as the responsible determinants for the measured PAH concentrations. Decreasing concentrations were observed in particular for the higher molecular PAHs in the investigation of three different underground flow sections (transects). AU - Rose, E. AU - Lintelmann, J. AU - Günther, W.J. AU - Kettrup, A. C1 - 40237 C2 - 40017 SP - 995-999 TI - Behaviour of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and triazine herbicides in water and aquifer material of a drinking water recharge plant - II. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface water of the ruhr and in ground water. JO - Fresen. J. Anal. Chem. VL - 346 IS - 10-11 PY - 1993 SN - 0937-0633 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schramel, P. AU - Xu, L. AU - Knapp, G. AU - Michaelis, M. C1 - 20072 C2 - 13246 SP - 600-606 TI - Multi-elemental Analysis in Biological Samples by on-line Preconcentration on 8- hydroxyquinoline-cellulose Microcolumn coupled to Simultaneous ICP-AES. JO - Fresen. J. Anal. Chem. VL - 345 PY - 1993 SN - 0937-0633 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schramel, P. AU - Hasse, S. C1 - 20426 C2 - 13624 SP - 794-799 TI - Destruction of Organic Material by Pressurized Microwave Digestion. JO - Fresen. J. Anal. Chem. VL - 346 PY - 1993 SN - 0937-0633 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This paper describes the utility of pressurized microwave digestion (up to 85 bar) for a broad spectrum of organic materials (blood, urine, milk powder, tissues). The "quality" of the sample solution was tested by the determination of Pb, Cd and Cu (additionally Ni and Co in some of the matrices) by anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) and Hydride Generation AAS (HAAS) for As. It is clearly shown that no universal "cooking recipe" can be given. The necessary oxidation potential is very dependent on the type of organic matrix and therefore the use of acid combinations (HNO3/HClO4/H2SO4) is generally necessary to obtain adequate solution of the sample. In some cases the power of the microwave oven was not high enough to digest two samples simultaneously. (Significant differences in the ease of solution are shown in the digestion of one or two samples). Some important improvements for sample preparation, such as moistening the powdered material with water and mixing well with the acid used before closing the digestion vessel etc., are also given. AU - Schramel, P. AU - Hasse, S. C1 - 34017 C2 - 38973 SP - 794-799 TI - Destruction of organic materials by pressurized microwave digestion. JO - Fresen. J. Anal. Chem. VL - 346 IS - 6-9 PY - 1993 SN - 0937-0633 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The analytical performance of an on-line oxine-cellulose microcolumn preconcentration system coupled to simultaneous ICP was investigated. Different factors including the pH of the sample solution, the flow rates of sample loading and eluation, the acidity of eluent and different eluents were investigated and optimized. In comparison with continuous aspiration, the signal enhancement factors of eleven elements (Zn, Cu, Ni, V, Cr, Fe, Mn, Co, Pb, Cd and Al) were in the range of 6.4 to 13.5 for peak height (0.5 s) and 3.7 to 5.8 for peak area (15 s), respectively. The influences of matrix ions, such as Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu and NaCl were studied. Performance was demonstrated by simultaneous determination of seven (Zn, Cu, Ni, V, Cr, Fe, Mn) elements in a number of CRMs. Most results were satisfactory, except for iron and chromium. The possible reasons were discussed. Co, Pb, Cd and Al were not available in the simultaneous instrument. Therefore, only the analytical performance was measured for these elements by the sequential instrument. AU - Schramel, P. AU - Xu, L. AU - Knapp, G.* AU - Michaelis, M.R.A.* C1 - 40281 C2 - 38984 SP - 600-606 TI - Multi-elemental analysis in biological samples by on-line preconcentration on 8-hydroxyquinoline-cellulose microcolumn coupled to simultaneous ICP-AES. JO - Fresen. J. Anal. Chem. VL - 345 IS - 8-9 PY - 1993 SN - 0937-0633 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Michalke, B. AU - Münch, D.C. AU - Schramel, P. C1 - 19978 C2 - 0 SP - 306-310 TI - Advanced Quality Control for Zinc Speciation Investigations in Human Breast Milk. JO - Fresen. J. Anal. Chem. VL - 344 PY - 1992 SN - 0937-0633 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Information is provided about the reliability of results obtained in Zn-speciation analyses of human milk. For such analyses, convenient techniques have already been given in an earlier paper [1], comprising mass balances of metal and ligand, purity of analytes, etc. Here, however, the influence of the eluent was checked in an extended manner. For this series of experiments, bi-distilled water was compared with different buffers as the eluent. Water proved to be a more suitable mobile phase than buffers with regard to contamination. Moreover, a method was developed to investigate the possibility of a transfer of Zn among the proteins during size exclusion chromatography. For these experiments, casein and metallothionein were chosen as competitive Zn-ligands, showing extremely different affinities to Zn. A possible Zn-transfer from one protein to the other was examined in combining a Zn-containing protein with a Zn-free one. No change of the Zn-status of the proteins was detected, indicating a stable protein-metal complex under the experimental conditions. Zn and protein mass balances (injected/eluted) were calculated and found to be 100%. AU - Michalke, B. AU - Münch, D.C. AU - Schramel, P. C1 - 40552 C2 - 38777 SP - 306-310 TI - Advanced quality control for zinc speciation investigations in human breast milk. JO - Fresen. J. Anal. Chem. VL - 344 IS - 7-8 PY - 1992 SN - 0937-0633 ER - TY - JOUR AB - An on-line anion-exchange preconcentration hydride generation ICP system for the determination of total inorganic arsenic in water is described. The column was packed with strongly basic anion-exchange resin (AG 1-X8). Experimental conditions including pH of the sample solution, eluent, flow rate of eluent, oxidation states of arsenic and competing anion ions were studied. Compared with the conventional continuous hydride generation ICP, a 9.2-fold improvement in sensitivity was obtained with RSD 1-2% at 100 ng/ml. The detection limit (3σ) was 0.08 ng/ml. The recoveries in water samples were satisfactory. The system provides complete automation of sample loading, eluting and regenerating of the resin. AU - Schramel, P. AU - Xu, L. C1 - 40637 C2 - 38742 SP - 373-377 TI - On-line preconcentration of arsenic from water samples with an anion-exchanger column coupled to a hydride generation ICP system. JO - Fresen. J. Anal. Chem. VL - 343 IS - 4 PY - 1992 SN - 0937-0633 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Xu, L. AU - Schramel, P. C1 - 19017 C2 - 12057 SP - 179-182 TI - Determination of Gold in Sludge and Soil by Sequential ICP-AES After Preconcentration and Separation with Thiol-Cotton Fibre. JO - Fresen. J. Anal. Chem. VL - 342 PY - 1992 SN - 0937-0633 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The analytical method presented here enables the extraction of fluazifop-butyl and fluazifop from soil samples avoiding hydrolysis of the ester and allowing a better release of the acid form. Then the quantitative determination of both the compounds can be performed in one run by means of RP-HPLC. This is achieved by using a phenyl phase and an ion-pair reagent (tetrabutylammonium hydrogensulfate). AU - Zanco, M. AU - Pfister, G. AU - Kettrup, A. C1 - 40495 C2 - 12963 SP - 39-41 TI - A new HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of fluazifop-butyl and fluazifop in soil samples. JO - Fresen. J. Anal. Chem. VL - 344 IS - 1-2 PY - 1992 SN - 0937-0633 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A method for the determination of trace amounts of molybdenum in fresh water and seawater samples by sequential ICP-AES with microsampling technique after cobalt-dithiocarbamate coprecipitation was developed. The precipitate was dissolved in 100 μl of diluted nitric acid (1:2), and the solution obtained was then introduced into an ICP via a concentric nebulizer. By use of 1.7 ml sample, a preconcentration factor of 17 was achieved. Different factors including integration time, sample volume, pumping rate as well as coprecipitation conditions such as pH of the solution, amounts of reagents, standing time for the precipitate and matrix effects were examined and optimized in detail. Under selected conditions the detection limit of the method for Mo is 0.52 μg/l using 1.7 ml sample. The procedure was applied to the analysis of water samples (artificial water and open ocean seawater reference material) with quantitative recovery. The analytical results were in good agreement with the certified value. The method is sensitive, simple, accurate and effective, also in the presence of interfering salts and can be applied to small sample volumes. AU - Zucheng, J. AU - Schramel, P. C1 - 40690 C2 - 38737 SP - 600-603 TI - Determination of trace amounts of molybdenum in water samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry after cobalt-dithiocarbamate coprecipitation. JO - Fresen. J. Anal. Chem. VL - 343 IS - 7 PY - 1992 SN - 0937-0633 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A simple continuous flow hydride generation system without conventional gas-liquid phase separator was developed for the determination of As, Se, Sb, Bi and Sn in biological and environmental samples by sequential ICP-AES with 1.5 kW power. The interchange of operating mode from normal solution nebulization to hydride generation or vice versa can easily be done without interrupting the plasma in this system. Two digestion methods were compared, i.e. the pressurized digestion with HNO3 in a closed vessel and HNO3/HClO4/H2SO4 acid digestion in an open system. It was found that further treatment is necessary after normal pressurized digestion for As determination in marine samples, e.g. mussel. Interferences, especially by copper and nickel were examined and completely eliminated up to 10 μg/ml by using a mixed reductant (3% NaBH4 and 2% KI) with lower flow rate as well as the sample solution media of 30% HCl (v/v) and 20% HNO3 (v/v). The effect of KI on the elemental oxidation states of As, Se and Sb is discussed. The accuracy of the method was validated by the analysis of a number of biological and environmental SRM's of NIST, BCR and NIES. Most results were in agreement with the certified values or reference values. The detection limits for these elements were in the range of 0.x ng/ml AU - Schramel, P. AU - Xu, L. C1 - 33014 C2 - 35258 SP - 41-47 TI - Determination of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, selenium and tin in biological and environmental samples by continuous flow hydride generation ICP-AES without gas-liquid separator. JO - Fresen. J. Anal. Chem. VL - 340 IS - 1 PY - 1991 SN - 0937-0633 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Giese, U. AU - Stenner, H. AU - Ludwig, E. AU - Kettrup, A. C1 - 18769 C2 - 11883 SP - 610-614 TI - Determination of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Single and Multi Component Test Gases. JO - Fresen. J. Anal. Chem. VL - 338 PY - 1990 SN - 0937-0633 ER - TY - JOUR AB - For comparing the efficiency of active and diffusive sampling methods two diffusive samplers with different properties were used to determine chlorinated hydrocarbons (CH2Cl2, CHCl3, CCl4) in single and multi component test gas mixtures. One of the chosen diffusive samplers can also be used for active sampling. In general, good correlations of all tested methods could be observed in the direct comparison of active and diffusive sampling and in the determination of the efficiencies. During the application of active and diffusive sampling methods in multi component test gases of the analytes possible interferences could not be ascertained. AU - Giese, U.* AU - Stenner, H.* AU - Ludwig, E.M. AU - Kettrup, A. C1 - 42347 C2 - 40242 SP - 610-614 TI - Determination of chlorinated hydrocarbons in single and multi component test gases. JO - Fresen. J. Anal. Chem. VL - 338 IS - 5 PY - 1990 SN - 0937-0633 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rosner, G. AU - Hötzl, H. AU - Winkler, R. C1 - 18507 C2 - 11656 SP - 606-609 TI - Simultaneous Radiochemical Determination of Plutonium, Strontium, Uranium, and Iron Nuclides and Application to Atmospheric Deposition and Aerosol Samples. JO - Fresen. J. Anal. Chem. VL - 338 PY - 1990 SN - 0937-0633 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hengstmann, R. AU - Hamann, R. AU - Weber, H. AU - Kettrup, A. C1 - 18657 C2 - 11239 SP - 982-986 TI - Comparison of Different Methods of Extraction for the Determination of Polychlorinated Dibenzo- p-dioxins in Soil. JO - Fresen. J. Anal. Chem. VL - 335 PY - 1989 SN - 0937-0633 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Attempts to correlate the concentration of organic chemicals in the environment with their production figures have resulted in a large deficit; this includes environmental chemicals such as chlorinated hydrocarbons. It has been assumed that analytical erros accounted for this deficit. Another explanation, however, allows for reactions of compounds under biotic and abiotic conditions. Because of the biostability of many organic chemicals biological transformation mechanisms can bring about slight charge only. By contrast, abiotic environmental factors such as the UV-radiation or decomposition on natural surfaces contribute considerably to the transformation of this substance class. An investigation of such abiotic charges of organic chemicals must therefore pay particular attention to dynamic and catalytic effects primarly attributable to the respective molecular state and interactions with the environment. This paper deals with the photoinduced reactions of organic substances adsorbed on natural surfaces and their significance for the degradability of environmental chemicals. AU - Parlar, H.A. C1 - 33007 C2 - 35574 SP - 114-118 TI - Geochemical induced degradation of environmental chemicals. JO - Fresen. J. Anal. Chem. VL - 319 IS - 2 PY - 1984 SN - 0937-0633 ER - TY - JOUR AB - After enrichment of lead by extraction with APDC/MIBK followed by reextraction with conc. nitric acid this element can be determined by means of flameless atomic absorption without interferences. Zirconium coated tubes are used as electrothermal atomizers. In spite of the high concentration of nitric acid it is possible to inject the reextracts into those tubes directly. Interferences of accompanying elements can be eliminated by a preceding treatment of the tubes with Fe3+ solution. These zirconium coated tubes proved to be very resistant (150-200 analyses). Detailed working conditions for the determination by flameless atomic absorption with electrothermal atomization are given. By the extraction/reextraction procedure lead is enriched by a factor of five. Detection limits have been found to be 0.012 mg Pb/l reextract and about 0.0025 mg/l digested soil solution (Confidence level 95%). AU - Schmidt, W.F. AU - Dietl, F. C1 - 41634 C2 - 38837 SP - 385-388 TI - Bestimmung von Blei in Boden- und Sedimentaufschlüssen und -extrakten mit der flammenlosen Atomabsorption in Zirkonium-beschichteten Graphitrohren. JO - Fresen. J. Anal. Chem. VL - 303 IS - 5 PY - 1980 SN - 0937-0633 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Cadmium is enriched by an extraction with APDC/MIBK and subsequent reextraction with nitric acid. A procedure is described for analyzing these solutions directly by means of flameless atomic absorption, inspite of the high concentration of nitric acid in a zirconium coated graphite tube. These tubes, proved to be very resistant (150-300 analyses). After treatment of the tubes with a Fe3+-solution no interference by accompanying anions and cations could be observed. By the extraction and reextraction procedure described cadmium is enriched by a factor of five. Samples of higher cadmium concentrations were analyzed by means of flame atomic absorption after the same sample preparation. Working conditions for flameless and flame atomic absorption are given. Detection limits have been calculated as 0.53 μg Cd/l in the case of flameless, 19.4 μg Cd/l in the case of flame atomic absorption. These values are further decreased by the above enrichment procedure to 0.1 and 4 μg Cd/l, respectively. AU - Schmidt, W.F. AU - Dietl, F. C1 - 42519 C2 - 38822 SP - 110-115 TI - Bestimmung von Cadmium in Boden- und Sedimentaufschlüssen und -extrakten mit der flammenlosen Atomabsorption in Zirkonium-beschichteten Graphitrohren. JO - Fresen. J. Anal. Chem. VL - 295 IS - 2-3 PY - 1979 SN - 0937-0633 ER -