TY - JOUR AB - Background: Worldwide, lung cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women. The present study explored associations between occupational exposures that are prevalent among women, and lung cancer. Methods: Data from 10 case–control studies of lung cancer from Europe, Canada, and New Zealand conducted between 1988 and 2008 were combined. Lifetime occupational history and information on nonoccupational factors including smoking were available for 3040 incident lung cancer cases and 4187 controls. We linked each reported job to the Canadian Job-Exposure Matrix (CANJEM), which provided estimates of probability, intensity, and frequency of exposure to each selected agent in each job. For this analysis, we selected 15 agents (cleaning agents, biocides, cotton dust, synthetic fibers, formaldehyde, cooking fumes, organic solvents, cellulose, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from petroleum, ammonia, metallic dust, alkanes C18+, iron compounds, isopropanol, and calcium carbonate) that had lifetime exposure prevalence of at least 5% in the combined study population. For each agent, we estimated lung cancer risk in each study center for ever-exposure, by duration of exposure, and by cumulative exposure, using separate logistic regression models adjusted for smoking and other covariates. We then estimated the meta-odds ratios using random-effects meta-analysis. Results and Conclusions: None of the agents assessed showed consistent and compelling associations with lung cancer among women. The following agents showed elevated odds ratio in some analyses: metallic dust, iron compounds, isopropanol, and organic solvents. Future research into occupational lung cancer risk factors among women should prioritize these agents. AU - Xu, M.* AU - Ho, V.* AU - Lavoue, J.* AU - Olsson, A.* AU - Schüz, J.* AU - Richardson, L.* AU - Parent, M.E.* AU - McLaughlin, J.R.* AU - Demers, P.A.* AU - Guénel, P.* AU - Radoi, L.* AU - Wichmann, H.-E. AU - Ahrens, W.* AU - Jöckel, K.H.* AU - Consonni, D.* AU - Landi, M.T.* AU - Richiardi, L.* AU - Simonato, L.* AU - 't' Mannetje, A.* AU - Świątkowska, B.* AU - Field, J.K.* AU - Pearce, N.* AU - Siemiatycki, J.* C1 - 69738 C2 - 55202 CY - 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa SP - 200-213 TI - Prevalent occupational exposures and risk of lung cancer among women: Results from the application of the Canadian Job-Exposure Matrix (CANJEM) to a combined set of ten case–control studies. JO - Am. J. Ind. Med. VL - 67 IS - 3 PB - Wiley PY - 2024 SN - 0271-3586 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background Fish consumption is considered the most important source of contaminant exposure for humans beings, and farmed fish can be exposed to contaminants via feed supply. Methods Total mercury concentrations (THg) were determined in the muscle, liver, and feed of farmed Nile tilapia (juveniles and adults) from four different fish farms in Brazil (net cages and intensive tanks systems), by a flow injection mercury system. Results Mercury concentrations observed in fish muscle were markedly lower (13.530.5?mu g?kg-1) than the values recommended by ANVISA/MAPA for edible part of fish (500?mu g?kg-1), and in the liver the concentrations found were higher than in the muscle. Conclusions These low levels of THg in farmed tilapia may be due to the low THg concentrations found in the analyzed fish feed, that ranged from 5.2 to 33.2?mu g?kg-1, below the limit of 100?mu g?kg-1 established by the European Commission. AU - Botaro, D.* AU - Torres, J.P.M.* AU - Schramm, K.-W. AU - Malm, O.* C1 - 11434 C2 - 30676 SP - 1159-1165 TI - Mercury levels in feed and muscle of farmed tilapia. JO - Am. J. Ind. Med. VL - 55 IS - 12 PB - Wiley-Blackwell PY - 2012 SN - 0271-3586 ER - TY - JOUR AB - BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have been carried out to evaluate the association between lung cancer and occupational asbestos exposure. However, the effects of timing of exposure have not been analyzed thoroughly. METHODS: Two German case-control studies with data on occupational asbestos exposure histories have been pooled. Duration of work in potentially asbestos exposed jobs and two derived weighted exposure measures are analyzed together with time since last exposure. A spline function is used to model the effect of time since exposure. RESULTS: The odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were 1.8 (1.2, 2.7) and 2.4 (1.7, 3.4) for subjects having worked for 3 to 7 years and 8 or more years, respectively, in a job with potential asbestos exposure compared to never-exposed. Based on an evaluation of time since last exposure, the OR decreased significantly to about one-half after more than 20 years since exposure ceased. Using a spline function, applied to workers' complete exposure histories, the effect of an increment of exposure is greatest 10-15 years after that exposure was received. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to previous indications, the risk of lung cancer increases soon after asbestos exposure, with its maximum effect from 10 to 15 years after the exposure was received.   AU - Hauptmann, M.* AU - Pohlabeln, H.* AU - Lubin, J.H.* AU - Jöckel, K.-H.* AU - Ahrens, W.* AU - Brüske, I. AU - Wichmann, H.-E. C1 - 22097 C2 - 20754 SP - 89-97 TI - The exposure-time-response relationship between occupational asbestos exposure and lung cancer in Two German case-control studies. JO - Am. J. Ind. Med. VL - 41 IS - 2 PY - 2002 SN - 0271-3586 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background The occupational lung cancer risk in manufacturing and repair of shoes was studied by pooling of two major case-control studies from Germany. Methods Some 4184 incident hospital-based cases of primary lung cancer and 4253 population controls, matched for sex, age, and region of residence were intensively interviewed with respect to their occupational and smoking history. Based on the occupational coding and a free text search, all individuals who had ever worked in shoe manufacturing or repair for at least half a year were identified. Shoemaker-years were calculated as the cumulated duration of working in shoe manufacturing or repair. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated via conditional logistic regression. Additional adjustment for smoking and occupational asbestos exposure was used. Results Seventy-six cases and 42 controls who had ever worked in shoe manufacture or repair (OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.29–2.78). After adjustment for smoking, this risk was lowered to 1.69 (95% CI: 1.09–2.62). Further adjustment for asbestos exposure only slightly changed the risk estimates upwards. The smoking adjusted OR in males was 1.50 (95% CI: 0.93–2.41) and 2.91 (95% CI: 0.90–9.44) in females. Logistic regression modeling showed a positive dose–effect relationship between duration of exposure in shoe manufacture and repair and lung cancer risk. The odds ratio for 30 years of exposure varied between 1.98 and 2.24 depending on the model specified. Conclusions The study demonstrates an increased lung cancer risk for shoemakers and workers in shoe manufacturing. The risk seems to double after being 30 years in these occupations. AU - Jöckel, K.-H.* AU - Pohlabeln, H.* AU - Bolm-Audorff, U.* AU - Brüske, I. AU - Wichmann, H.-E. C1 - 21373 C2 - 19489 SP - 575-580 TI - Lung Cancer Risk of Workers in Shoe Manufacture and Repair. JO - Am. J. Ind. Med. VL - 37 IS - 6 PY - 2000 SN - 0271-3586 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background To investigate the association between lung cancer and occupational exposure to man-made vitreous fibers (MMVF), a pooled analysis of two case-control studies was conducted in the years 1988–1994. Methods The case series consisted of 3498 males who were histologically or cytologically verified primary lung cancer cases. 3541 male population controls were drawn at random from the general population and matched to cases by sex, age, and place of residence. To examine the relationship between MMVF and lung cancer we asked all study subjects who worked for at least 6 months as construction and installation workers whether they ever installed or removed insulations and what kind of insulation material they used. Results Some 304 (8.7%) cases and 170 (4.8%) controls reported to have insulated with glass wool or mineral wool mats. Coded as ever/never exposed, the odds ratio was 1.48 (95% CI: 1.17–1.88), adjusted for smoking and asbestos. To be sure to exclude any confounding effect of asbestos, we tried to identify those cases and controls who insulated with glass wool or mineral wool mats only and never reported any asbestos exposure. For this group we calculated an odds ratio of 1.56 (95% CI: 0.92–2.65), after adjustment for smoking. An elevated risk was also estimated on the basis of an expert rating which was done for a subgroup of cases and controls. Ever exposure to MMVF (but not to asbestos) in this subgroup yielded an odds ratio of 1.30 (95% CI: 0.82–2.07). Conclusions Our study provides some indication for an excess risk of man-made vitreous fibers. This result also persists after adjustment for smoking and asbestos. AU - Pohlabeln, H.* AU - Jöckel, K.-H.* AU - Brüske, I. AU - Möhner, M.* AU - Ahrens, W.* AU - Bolm-Audorff, U.* AU - Arhelger, R.* AU - Römer, W.* AU - Kreienbrock, L. AU - Kreuzer, M. AU - Jahn, I.* AU - Wichmann, H.-E. C1 - 21377 C2 - 19491 SP - 469-477 TI - Lung Cancer and Exposure to Man-Made Vitreous Fibers: Results from a Pooled Case-Control Study in Germany. JO - Am. J. Ind. Med. VL - 37 IS - 5 PY - 2000 SN - 0271-3586 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background Although in several epidemiological studies exposure to diesel motor emissions (DME) shows an elevated lung cancer risk, it is still controversial whether DME is a human carcinogen. Methods In a pooled analysis of two case-control studies on lung cancer in Germany a total of 3498 male cases with histologically or cytologically ascertained lung cancer and 3541 male population controls were included. Information about lifelong occupational and smoking history was obtained by questionnaire. Drivers of lorries, buses, taxies, diesel locomotives and forklift trucks, bulldozers, graders, excavators, and tractors, were considered as exposed to DME and their cumulative exposure was estimated. All odds ratios were adjusted for smoking and asbestos exposure. Results The evaluation of lung cancer risk for all jobs with DME-exposure combined showed an odds ratio of OR=1.43 (95%-CI: 1.23–1.67). Most pronounced was the increase in lung cancer risk in heavy equipment operators (OR=2.31 95%-CI: 1.44–3.70). The risk of tractor drivers increased with length of employment and reached statistical significance for exposures longer than 30 years (OR=6.81, 95%-CI: 1.17–39.51). The group of professional drivers (e.g., trucks, buses, and taxies), showed an increased risk only in West Germany (OR=1.44, 95%-CI: 1.18–1.76), but not in East Germany (OR=0.83, 95%-CI: 0.60–1.14). DME-exposure in other traffic related jobs (e.g., diesel engine locomotive drivers, switchmen, forklift operators) was associated with an odds ratio of OR=1.53 (95%-CI: 1.04–2.24). Conclusions The study provides further evidence that occupational exposure to diesel motor emissions is associated with an increased lung cancer risk. AU - Brüske, I. AU - Möhner, M.* AU - Ahrens, W.* AU - Pohlabeln, H.* AU - Heinrich, J. AU - Kreuzer, M.* AU - Jöckel, K.-H.* AU - Wichmann, H.-E. C1 - 21101 C2 - 19134 SP - 405-414 TI - Lung cancer risk in male workers occupationally exposed to diesel motor emissions in germany. JO - Am. J. Ind. Med. VL - 36 IS - 4 PY - 1999 SN - 0271-3586 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background To investigate the association between lung cancer and occupational factors in women. Methods Six hundred eighty-six women with lung cancer and 712 controls matched for age and region were interviewed to gather occupational histories and information about other risk factors and confounders. Odds ratios (OR) and 95%-confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results There were 11 cases and 2 controls who reported occupational asbestos exposure. Significantly elevated risks (P < 0.05, smoking-adjusted), were observed in the following industries: chemical, oil (OR 3.7), pottery, glass (OR 2.5), engine, vehicle building (OR 2.2), paper, wood, print (OR 1.9), cleaning service, hairdressing, housekeeping, waste disposal (OR 1.5); and occupations: assemblers, unskilled metal workers (OR 2.5), stock clerks, etc. (OR 1.6), restaurant owners and hoteliers (OR 2.7), as well as waitresses and travel attendants (OR 2.6). Conclusions The study provides evidence that both occupations previously observed as hazardous in males, and occupations of particular significance for women only, play a role in the risk of lung cancer in women. AU - Jahn, I.* AU - Ahrens, W.* AU - Brüske, I. AU - Kreuzer, M. AU - Möhner, M.* AU - Pohlabeln, H.* AU - Wichmann, H.-E. AU - Jöckel, K.-H.* C1 - 21112 C2 - 19145 SP - 90-100 TI - Occupational risk factors lung cancer in women: Results of a case-control study in Germany. JO - Am. J. Ind. Med. VL - 36 IS - 1 PY - 1999 SN - 0271-3586 ER -