TY - JOUR AB - Congruent, low-friction relative movement between the articulating elements of a synovial joint is an essential pre-requisite for sustained, efficient, function. Where disorders of joint formation or maintenance exist, mechanical overloading and osteoarthritis (OA) follow. The heritable component of OA accounts for 50% of susceptible risk. Although almost 100 genetic risk loci for OA have now been identified, and the epidemiological relationship between joint development, joint shape and osteoarthritis is well established, we still have only a limited understanding of the contribution that genetic variation makes to joint shape and how this modulates OA risk. In this article, a brief overview of synovial joint development and its genetic regulation is followed by a review of current knowledge on the genetic epidemiology of established joint shape disorders and common shape variation. A summary of current genetic epidemiology of OA is also given, together with current evidence on the genetic overlap between shape variation and OA. Finally, the established genetic risk loci for both joint shape and osteoarthritis are discussed. AU - Wilkinson, J.M.* AU - Zeggini, E. C1 - 59141 C2 - 48595 CY - One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, Ny, United States SP - 257-276 TI - The genetic epidemiology of joint shape and the development of osteoarthritis. JO - Calcif. Tissue Int. VL - 109 IS - 3 PB - Springer PY - 2020 SN - 0171-967X ER - TY - JOUR AB - Effects of low serum 25OHD on age-related changes in muscle mass and function remain unclear. Our aims were to explore associations of baseline 25OHD levels with prevalent and incident sarcopenia and changes in muscle parameters, and to examine the role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) therein. Cross-sectional (n=975) and prospective analyses (n=702) of older adults aged 65-93years participating in the KORA-Age study. Sarcopenia was defined using the 2010 European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) criteria as low muscle mass combined with low grip strength or low physical performance. Associations with baseline 25OHD were examined in multiple regression analyses. Low vitamin D status was linked to increased odds of prevalent sarcopenia. Over three years, low baseline 25OHD<25 vs.>= 50nmol/L were associated with greater loss of muscle mass and increased time for the Timed Up and Go test. The risk for developing incident sarcopenia was not significantly elevated in individuals with low baseline 25OHD but when including death as combined outcome alongside incident sarcopenia, there was a strong positive association in multivariable analysis [OR (95% CI) 3.19 (1.54-6.57) for 25OHD<25 vs. >= 50nmol/L]. There was no evidence for a PTH-mediating effect. Low baseline 25OHD levels were associated with unfavorable changes in muscle mass and physical performance, but not with incident sarcopenia. Future randomized trials are needed to assess causality and to address the issue of competing risks such as mortality in older cohorts. AU - Conzade, R. AU - Grill, E.* AU - Bischoff-Ferrari, H.A.* AU - Ferrari, U.* AU - Horsch, A.* AU - Koenig, W.* AU - Peters, A. AU - Thorand, B. C1 - 56024 C2 - 46775 CY - 233 Spring St, New York, Ny 10013 Usa SP - 173-182 TI - Vitamin D in relation to incident sarcopenia and changes in muscle parameters among older adults: The KORA-Age Study. JO - Calcif. Tissue Int. VL - 105 IS - 2 PB - Springer PY - 2019 SN - 0171-967X ER - TY - JOUR AB - Chondroprogenitor cells present in the apical and lateral parts of the mandibular condyle from neonatal mice differentiate towards the osteoblastic lineage and from bone within 7 days in culture. Infection of condylar explants with the FBR osteosarcoma virus (FBR MSV) results in the transformation of cell in the progenitor zone, previously identified as the target for the virus [1], and the formation of a transplantable osteosarcoma-like lesion. Morphological and biochemical changes in this system were investigated in the course of tumor development. Virus infection was followed by a significant increase in cell density and 3H-thymidine incorporation within the progenitor zone at the early stage of culture. In later stages, cell density and 3H-thymidine incorporation were lower than in control tissue. The 3H-thymidine labeling index gave similar results in infected and control tissues until day 7. Then, a significantly higher labeling index was found in the progenitor zone of infected condyles. At this stage, the proliferative effect of the virus even affected the cartilagenous core of the tissue. Quantitative alkaline phosphatase activity increased between day 3 and day 7 and was particularly high in the zone of infected cells. In addition, infected tissues consistently revealed a higher uptake of 45Ca, and deposition of the radioisotope along irregularly formed bone trabecules in the transformed tissue. The results suggest that there is an enhancement of tissue maturation following infection with the FBR osteosarcoma virus. Although biochemical investigations of whole condyles showed few differences in the total values of alkaline phosphatase activity, 3H-thymidine incorporation, DNA content, and 45Ca uptake, the histochemical assays revealed clear differences in the distributional pattern of these parameters within infected and control condyles. AU - Schmidt, J. AU - Closs, E.I. AU - Livne, E. AU - Erfle, V.F. AU - Silbermann, M.H. C1 - 42491 C2 - 36429 SP - 232-242 TI - Biochemical characterization of a virus-induced osteosarcoma-like osseous lesion in vitro. JO - Calcif. Tissue Int. VL - 45 IS - 4 PY - 1989 SN - 0171-967X ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schmidt, J. AU - Closs, E.I. AU - Livne, E. AU - Erfle, V. AU - Silbermann, M. C1 - 17257 C2 - 10178 TI - Biochemical Characterization of Virus-Induced Osteosarcoma-Like Osseous Lesion in Vitro. JO - Calcif. Tissue Int. PY - 1988 SN - 0171-967X ER - TY - JOUR AB - The proximal tibial metaphysis of apparently healthy strain 101 mice, 3-4 weeks old, and (C3H×101)F1 hybrids, 3-48 weeks old, was studied by electron microscopy. Budding, immature, and mature C-type virus particles were found within trabecular bone tissue of 3 of 8 strain 101 and 4 of 12 (C3H×101)F1 mice. The particles were most common in lacunae of aging osteocytes and were only occasionally associated with osteoblasts. Although the morphology of budding and immature particles appeared to be identical with that of typical C-type viruses, most of the mature forms of particles showed atypical structure and size. The electron-dense core was very large and not clearly defined, measuring approximately 70-130 nm in diameter. This diffuse core sometimes completely filled the space within the envelope of the particles. The diameters of the pleomorphic mature C-type particles ranged from approximately 90 to 150 nm. The possible association between the production of pleomorphic C-type virus particles by bone cells and spontaneous osteomagenesis in 101 and (C3H × 101)F1 mice is discussed. AU - Marquart, K.H. C1 - 41065 C2 - 35756 SP - 259-262 TI - Pleomorphic C-type virus particles in bone tissue of strain 101 mice and (C3H × 101)F1 hybrids. JO - Calcif. Tissue Int. VL - 28 IS - 1 PY - 1979 SN - 0171-967X ER - TY - JOUR AU - Berg, D.J. AU - Kollmer, W.E. AU - Schmidt-Gayk, H.E. C1 - 41955 C2 - 35678 SP - 12 TI - Change of Ca kinetics, PTH and 25-OH-Vit.D3 in rabbits by feeding a P-enriched diet. JO - Calcif. Tissue Int. VL - 24 PY - 1977 SN - 0171-967X ER - TY - JOUR AB - Intracisternal type A particles were detected by electron microscopy in cells of normal trabecular bone tissue from the mouse strain C57BL, NMRI, C3H, 101, and (C3H x 101)F1. The relatively small numbers of particles observed in all five strains were roughly equivalent. About 10% of the bone cell profiles examined in specimens from each animal contained a single particle. The intracisternal type A particles occurred predominantly in osteoblasts and rarely in osteoprogenitor cells and osteocytes. They were not found in osteoclasts. AU - Marquart, K.H. C1 - 41107 C2 - 37928 SP - 219-223 TI - Presence of intracisternal type A particles in normal bone tissue from various mouse strains. JO - Calcif. Tissue Int. VL - 21 IS - 3 PY - 1976 SN - 0171-967X ER - TY - JOUR AU - Werner, E.E. AU - Malluche, H.H. AU - Kutschera, J. AU - Hodgson, M. AU - Schoeppe, W.E. C1 - 42575 C2 - 38437 SP - 210-215 TI - Intestinal calcium absorption and whole-body calcium retention in various stages of renal insufficiency. JO - Calcif. Tissue Int. VL - 21 IS - 1 PY - 1975 SN - 0171-967X ER -