TY  - JOUR
AB  - Identifying the deposition pattern of inhaled pharmaceutical aerosols in the human respiratory system and understanding the effective parameters in this process is vital for more efficient drug delivery to this region. This study investigated aerosol deposition in a patient-specific upper respiratory airway and determined the deposition fraction (DF) and pressure drop across the airway. An experimental setup was developed to measure the pressure drop in the same realistic geometry printed from the patient-specific geometry. The unsteady simulations were performed with a flow rate of 15 L/min and different particle diameters ranging from 2 to 30 µm. The results revealed significant flow circulation after the nasal valve in the upper and oropharynx regions, and a maximum local velocity observed in the nasopharynx. Transient cumulative deposition fraction showed that after 2 s of the simulation, all particles deposit or escape the computational domain. About 30 % of the injected large particles (dp ≥ 20 µm) deposited in the first 1 cm away from the nostril and more than 95 % deposited in the nasal airway before entering the oropharynx region. While almost 94 % deposition in trachea was composed of particles smaller than 5 µm. Approximately 20 % of inhaled fine particles (2-5 µm) deposited in the upper airway and the rest deposited in oropharynx, larynx and trachea.
AU  - Biglarian, M.*
AU  - MomeniLarimi, M.*
AU  - Firoozabadi, B.*
AU  - Inthavong, K.*
AU  - Farnoud, A.
C1  - 66873
C2  - 53340
CY  - Radarweg 29, 1043 Nx Amsterdam, Netherlands
TI  - Targeted drug delivery with polydisperse particle transport and deposition in patient-specific upper airway during inhalation and exhalation.
JO  - Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol.
VL  - 308
PB  - Elsevier
PY  - 2022
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - We investigated acute effects of inhalation of hypertonic saline solution (HSS) and oxygen (O-2, control exposure) on pulmonary diffusing capacity for nitric oxide (DLNO) and carbon monoxide (DLCO). In a randomized crossover study, 20 healthy, non-smoking subjects were allocated to short-term inhalation of HSS or O-2. Spirometry [(forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC)] and combined single breath DLNO-DLCO measurements were performed before and immediately after inhalation of either HSS or O-2. Percent changes were presented as median values (interquartile range). After HSS inhalation, DLNO, FEV1 and FVC were decreased by -3.0% (-7.3, 0.5), -3.1% (-4.2, -1.6) and -1.2% (-3.3, 0.6), respectively (all P < 0.05), without significant effect on DLCO. No changes in spirometry and diffusing capacity were observed following O-2 inhalation. Acute inhalation of HSS causes a slight decrease in membrane conductance, probably as a result of fluid imbalance at the alveolar surface and interstitial fluid accumulation, both of which could impair gas exchange.
AU  - Karrasch, S.
AU  - Radtke, T.*
AU  - Simon, M.*
AU  - Kronseder, A.*
AU  - Dressel, H.*
AU  - Jörres, R.A.*
AU  - Ochmann, U.*
C1  - 54423
C2  - 45552
CY  - Po Box 211, 1000 Ae Amsterdam, Netherlands
SP  - 40-46
TI  - Acute effects of hypertonic saline inhalation on nitric oxide pulmonary diffusing capacity in healthy adults.
JO  - Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol.
VL  - 258
PB  - Elsevier Science Bv
PY  - 2018
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tippe, A.
AU  - Perzl, M.
AU  - Li, W.*
AU  - Schulz, S.
C1  - 21157
C2  - 19198
SP  - 181-191
TI  - Experimental analysis of flow calculations based on HRCT imaging of individual bifurcations.
JO  - Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol.
VL  - 117
PY  - 1999
ER  -