TY  - JOUR
AB  - A global trend towards increased obesity, intermediate hyperglycemia (previously termed prediabetes) and type 2 diabetes, has prompted a range of international initiatives to proactively raise awareness and provide action-driven recommendations to prevent and manage these linked disease states. One approach, that has shown success in managing people already diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, is to use continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices to help them manage their chronic condition through understanding and treating their daily glucose fluctuations, in assocation with glucose-lowering medications, including insulin. However, much of the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus is founded in the delayed detection both of type 2 diabetes mellitus itself, and the intermediate hyperglycaemia that precedes it. In this review, we provide evidence that using CGM technology in people at-risk of intermediate hyperglycaemia or type 2 diabetes mellitus can significantly improve the rate and timing of detection of dysglycaemia. Earlier detection allows intervention, including through continued use of CGM to guide changes to diet and lifestyle, that can delay or prevent harmful progression of early dysglycaemia. Although further research is needed to fully understand the cost-effectiveness of this intervention in people at-risk or with early dysglycemia, the proposition for use of CGM technology is clear.
AU  - Battelino, T.*
AU  - Lalic, N.*
AU  - Hussain, S.*
AU  - Ceriello, A.*
AU  - Klobucar, S.*
AU  - Davies, S.J.*
AU  - Topsever, P.*
AU  - Heverly, J.*
AU  - Ulivi, F.*
AU  - Brady, K.*
AU  - Tankova, T.*
AU  - Galhardo, J.*
AU  - Tagkalos, K.*
AU  - Werson, E.*
AU  - Mathieu, C.*
AU  - Schwarz, P.E.
C1  - 73740
C2  - 57207
CY  - Elsevier House, Brookvale Plaza, East Park Shannon, Co, Clare, 00000, Ireland
TI  - The use of continuous glucose monitoring in people living with obesity, intermediate hyperglycemia or type 2 diabetes.
JO  - Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract.
VL  - 223
PB  - Elsevier Ireland Ltd
PY  - 2025
SN  - 0168-8227
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Diabetes mellitus (DM) may lead to microvascular and macrovascular complications. Screening for these complications is crucial and non-invasive methods with high-dissemination potential are needed. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is particularly challenging to screen due to the lack of reliable clinical markers and endpoints. In this context, Raster Scan Optoacoustic Mesoscopy (RSOM) emerges as a highly promising technique that offers hybrid, non-invasive imaging of optical absorption using light-induced ultrasound waves within tissue without the use of contrast agents. RSOM provides high-resolution visualisation of micro-vasculature, other tissue structures and functional information. The technique has already assessed microvasculature loss as a function of diabetes progression and used it to characterise DPN severity. RSOM has also shown that cutaneous vessels in the mesoscopic range (mean diameters of 30-40 µm) are most prominently affected by DM and that the mean number of cutaneous vessels was lower in subjects with DM than in healthy participants (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). Although experience is still limited, we present an overview of the novel technique in relation to its potential for detecting early DM onset and development of mircovascular complications.
AU  - Pantazopoulos, D.*
AU  - Gouveri, E.*
AU  - Ntziachristos, V.
AU  - Papanas, N.*
C1  - 73672
C2  - 57162
CY  - Elsevier House, Brookvale Plaza, East Park Shannon, Co, Clare, 00000, Ireland
TI  - Raster Scan optoacoustic Mesoscopy for detecting microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus: A narrative brief review.
JO  - Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract.
VL  - 222
PB  - Elsevier Ireland Ltd
PY  - 2025
SN  - 0168-8227
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Primary prevention of diabetes still remains as an unmet challenge in a real world setting. While, translational programmes have been successful in the developed nations, the prevailing social and economic inequities in the low and middle income countries, fail to integrate diabetes prevention into their public health systems. The resulting exponential increase in the prevalence of diabetes and the cost of treatment has put primary prevention in the back seat. As a call to action, an expert group was formed to lay down practical guidelines for clinicians in the South East Asian regions to implement primary prevention programmes at an individual or at a community level. The guideline was developed based on the outcomes of the evidence based prevention programmes conducted in India. This decentralised self-guided approach for primary prevention of diabetes follows a three step implementation process of screening, diagnosis of intermediate hyperglycaemia and design and delivery of personalized interventions. Recommendations provided on dietary intake and physical activity can be tailored by the clinician to suit individual needs. Initiation of pharmacological treatment to achieve desired targets has also been addressed. A personalised approach by the clinician may be effective and offer a sustainable solution to curb the rising epidemic.
AU  - Ramachandran, A.*
AU  - Nanditha, A.*
AU  - Tuomilehto, J.*
AU  - Gabriel, R.*
AU  - Sahoo, B.K.*
AU  - Mohan, V.*
AU  - Chawla, M.*
AU  - Chawla, P.*
AU  - Raghavan, A.*
AU  - Gupta, A.*
AU  - Joshi, S.*
AU  - Agarwal, S.*
AU  - Misra, A.*
AU  - Sahay, R.*
AU  - Tiwaskar, M.H.*
AU  - Azad Khan, A.K.*
AU  - Arvind, S.R.*
AU  - Viswanathan, V.*
AU  - Das, A.K.*
AU  - Makkar, B.M.*
AU  - Kowlessur, S.*
AU  - Yajnik, C.S.*
AU  - Sriram, U.*
AU  - Seshadri, K.G.*
AU  - Susairaj, P.*
AU  - Krishnamoorthy, S.*
AU  - Duncan, B.B.*
AU  - Aschner, P.*
AU  - Barengo, N.C.*
AU  - Schwarz, P.E.
AU  - Ceriello, A.*
C1  - 73077
C2  - 56907
CY  - Elsevier House, Brookvale Plaza, East Park Shannon, Co, Clare, 00000, Ireland
TI  - Call to action for Clinicians in the South-East Asian Regions on Primary Prevention of Diabetes in people with Prediabetes- A Consensus statement.
JO  - Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract.
VL  - 221
PB  - Elsevier Ireland Ltd
PY  - 2025
SN  - 0168-8227
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - The authors regret that the wrong version of the above-mentioned abstract was published. The correct version is now reproduced below. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused. Background Epigenetic maps revealed a cell-type-specific enhancer in proximity to the rs6712203 SNP. A previous study showed a putative link between this intronic rs6712203 C-to T single-nucleotide polymorphism and a disrupted POU2F2 activator motif in risk C-allele carriers in adipocyte cells. In particular, the rs6712203 T non-risk-variant enhancer increased the expression of COBLL1 in adipocytes. In turn, perturbed COBLL1 expression led to disturbed actin remodeling during adipogenesis and reduction of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, triglyceride storage and response to lipolytic stimulation. Aim We focus on the relation between COBLL1 expression and T2D in adipocytes studying the expression of selected marker genes of fat metabolism and the metabolome in obese female risk and non-risk allele carriers. Methods 11 female participants at an age of 18 up to 65 with a mean BMI of 48.41 were included. Subcutaneous cells from the participants were cultured and differentiated into adipocytes. At distinct stages of differentiation cells were analyzed for expression of selected marker genes by RT-qPCR. Metabolomic parameters were determined using DI-FT-ICR-MS analysis with ultra-high resolution and high mass accuracy. Results Expression of selected marker genes by RT-qPCR analysis displayed no significant changes between risk and non-risk allele carriers. In Phase 1, day 0–3 to day 3, metabolomic analysis by DI-FT-ICR-MS of several compound classes in rs6712203 risk allele carriers, revealed a decrease of organooxygens, and an increase in prenol lipids, glycerophospholipids, and sex-hormone related steroids/steroid derivatives. In Phase 2, day 3 to day 14, there were no longer any significant results. Mass difference enrichment analysis (MDEA) demonstrated that Phase 1 metabolism of risk pre-adipocytes is characterized by active primary metabolism, faster lipid production and intact actin-related metabolism. Primary metabolism, including TCA, glycolysis, and actin-related processes are down-regulated in Phase 2, while the metabolism of lipids and steroids is enhanced. Conclusion A synergy of novel bioinformatic technologies and comprehensive biological validation was used as powerful and exciting new tools to understand how genetic variants and disease are associated.
AU  - Erfanian, S.*
AU  - Forcisi, S.
AU  - Moritz, F.
AU  - Claussnitzer, M.*
AU  - Schmitt-Kopplin, P.
AU  - Hauner, H.*
C1  - 68371
C2  - 53876
CY  - Elsevier House, Brookvale Plaza, East Park Shannon, Co, Clare, 00000, Ireland
TI  - Corrigendum to “IDF2022-1217 Evaluation of the COBLL1 intron variant SNP rs6712203 in adipocytes of obese female risk and non-risk allele carriers” [Diabet. Res. Clin. Pract. 197(1) (2023) 110289](S0168822723001341)(10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110289).
JO  - Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract.
VL  - 204
PB  - Elsevier Ireland Ltd
PY  - 2023
SN  - 0168-8227
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Erfanian, S.*
AU  - Forcisi, S.
AU  - Moritz, F.
AU  - Hauner, H.*
AU  - Schmitt-Kopplin, P.
AU  - Claussnitzer, M.*
C1  - 69377
C2  - 55116
CY  - Elsevier House, Brookvale Plaza, East Park Shannon, Co, Clare, 00000, Ireland
SP  - 1
TI  - Evaluation of the COBLL1 intron variant SNP rs6712203 in adipocytes of obese female risk and non-risk allele carriers.
JO  - Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract.
VL  - 197
PB  - Elsevier Ireland Ltd
PY  - 2023
SN  - 0168-8227
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - AIMS: Despite guideline-recommended treatments, including renin angiotensin system inhibition, up to 40 % of individuals with type 1 diabetes develop chronic kidney disease (CKD) putting them at risk of kidney failure. Finerenone is approved to reduce the risk of kidney failure in individuals with type 2 diabetes. We postulate that finerenone will demonstrate benefits on kidney outcomes in people with type 1 diabetes. METHODS: FINE-ONE (NCT05901831) is a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase III trial of 7.5 months' duration in ∼220 adults with type 1 diabetes, urine albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) of ≥ 200-< 5000 mg/g (≥ 22.6-< 565 mg/mmol) and eGFR of ≥ 25-< 90 ml/min/1.73 m2. RESULTS: The primary endpoint is relative change in UACR from baseline over 6 months. UACR is used as a bridging biomarker (BB), since the treatment effect of finerenone on UACR was associated with its efficacy on kidney outcomes in the type 2 diabetes trials. Based on regulatory authority feedback, UACR can be used as a BB for kidney outcomes to support registration of finerenone in type 1 diabetes, provided necessary criteria are met. Secondary outcomes include incidences of treatment-emergent adverse events, treatment-emergent serious adverse events and hyperkalaemia. CONCLUSIONS: FINE-ONE will evaluate the efficacy and safety of finerenone in type 1 diabetes and CKD. Finerenone could become the first registered treatment for CKD associated with type 1 diabetes in almost 30 years. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05901831.
AU  - Heerspink, H.J.L.*
AU  - Birkenfeld, A.L.
AU  - Cherney, D.Z.I.*
AU  - Colhoun, H.M.*
AU  - Ji, L.*
AU  - Mathieu, C.*
AU  - Groop, P.H.*
AU  - Pratley, R.E.*
AU  - Rosas, S.E.*
AU  - Rossing, P.*
AU  - Skyler, J.S.*
AU  - Tuttle, K.R.*
AU  - Lawatscheck, R.*
AU  - Scott, C.*
AU  - Edfors, R.*
AU  - Scheerer, M.*
AU  - Kolkhof, P.*
AU  - McGill, J.B.*
C1  - 68685
C2  - 54893
CY  - Elsevier House, Brookvale Plaza, East Park Shannon, Co, Clare, 00000, Ireland
TI  - Rationale and design of a randomised phase III registration trial investigating finerenone in participants with type 1 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: The FINE-ONE trial.
JO  - Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract.
VL  - 204
PB  - Elsevier Ireland Ltd
PY  - 2023
SN  - 0168-8227
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - AIMS: We aimed to compare the concentrations of GLP-1, glucagon and GIP (established regulators of glucose homeostasis) and glicentin (emerging new metabolic marker)during an OGTT in patients with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), prediabetes and diabetes at onset, and one-year before, when all had prediabetes. METHODS: GLP-1, glucagon, GIP and glicentin concentrations were measured and compared with markers of body composition, insulin sensitivity and β-cell function at a 5-timepoint OGTT in 125 subjects (30 diabetes, 65 prediabetes, 30 NGT) and in 106 of them one-year before, when all had prediabetes. RESULTS: At baseline, when all subjects were in prediabetic state, hormonal levels did not differ between groups. One year later, patients progressing to diabetes had lower postprandial increases of glicentin and GLP-1, lower postprandial decrease of glucagon, and higher levels of fasting GIP compared to patients regressing to NGT. Changes in glicentin and GLP-1 AUC within this year correlated negatively with changes in Glucose AUC of OGTT and with changes in markers of beta cell function. CONCLUSION: Incretins, glucagon and glicentin profiles in prediabetic state cannot predict future glycemic traits, but prediabetes progressing to diabetes is accompanied by deterioration of postprandial increases of GLP-1 and glicentin.
AU  - Hoffmann, C.*
AU  - Schwarz, P.E.
AU  - Mantzoros, C.S.*
AU  - Birkenfeld, A.L.
AU  - Wolfrum, C.*
AU  - Solimena, M.
AU  - Bornstein, S.R.
AU  - Perakakis, N.
C1  - 67707
C2  - 54014
CY  - Elsevier House, Brookvale Plaza, East Park Shannon, Co, Clare, 00000, Ireland
TI  - Circulating levels of gastrointestinal hormones in prediabetes reversing to normoglycemia or progressing to diabetes in a year-A cross-sectional and prospective analysis.
JO  - Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract.
VL  - 199
PB  - Elsevier Ireland Ltd
PY  - 2023
SN  - 0168-8227
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Objective: Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) often develop type 2 diabetes later in life. It remains unclear whether this results solely from a common underlying predisposition or, whether a pregnancy itself persistently impairs glucose metabolism in predisposed women. We therefore examined how an additional pregnancy affected different aspects of glucose metabolism in women with previous GDM. Research design and methods: Nested case-control study within the prospective cohort study PPSDiab, recruited in Munich, Germany from 2011-16. Cases (n = 41): women with previous GDM who completed an additional pregnancy; controls: no additional pregnancy, pairwise matching. Endpoints: change of the area under the glucose curve (AUGC) of an oral glucose tolerance, of plasma glucose at 60′ of the test (PG 60′), of the insulin sensitivity index (ISI) and of the disposition index (DI), all between before and after the additional pregnancy in cases/the corresponding observation period in controls. Results: We observed no significant difference between cases and controls in the primary [ratio AUGC 1.05(0.92–1.15) vs. 0.97(0.85–1.14); p = 0.21] and in the secondary endpoints [difference PG 60′, ratio ISI and ratio DI. Conclusion: We did not find a deleterious effect of an additional pregnancy on glucose metabolism in women with previous GDM.
AU  - Fueessl, L.U.
AU  - Rottenkolber, M.
AU  - Gar, C.
AU  - Potzel, A.
AU  - Keilen, J.
AU  - Seissler, J.
AU  - Lechner, A.
C1  - 60803
C2  - 49592
CY  - Elsevier House, Brookvale Plaza, East Park Shannon, Co, Clare, 00000, Ireland
TI  - No deleterious effect of an additional pregnancy on glucose metabolism in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus.
JO  - Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract.
VL  - 171
PB  - Elsevier Ireland Ltd
PY  - 2021
SN  - 0168-8227
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fueessl, L.U.
AU  - Rottenkolber, M.
AU  - Gar, C.
AU  - Potzel, A.
AU  - Keilen, J.
AU  - Seissler, J.
AU  - Lechner, A.
C1  - 62900
C2  - 51003
CY  - Elsevier House, Brookvale Plaza, East Park Shannon, Co, Clare, 00000, Ireland
SP  - 109006
TI  - No deleterious effect of an additional pregnancy on glucose metabolism in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus. Response to Mendoza et al.
JO  - Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract.
VL  - 179
PB  - Elsevier Ireland Ltd
PY  - 2021
SN  - 0168-8227
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Aims: To assess the impact of duration of prior basal insulin therapy on study outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving insulin glargine 300 U/mL (Gla-300) or insulin glargine 100 U/mL (Gla-100) for 6 months.Methods: A post hoc patient-level meta-analysis of data from the EDITION 1 and 2 studies. Outcomes included: HbA1c, percentage of participants with >= 1 confirmed or severe hypoglycaemic event at night (00: 00-05: 59 h) or any time (24 h), and body weight change. Data were analysed according to duration of prior basal insulin use: >0-<= 2 years, >2-<= 5 years, >5 years.Results: This meta-analysis included 1618 participants. HbA(1c) change from baseline to month 6 was comparable between Gla-300 and Gla-100 groups, regardless of duration of prior basal insulin therapy. The lower risk with Gla-300 versus Gla-100 of >= 1 confirmed (<= 3.9 mmol/L [<= 70 mg/dL]) or severe hypoglycaemic event, at night or any time (24 h), was unaffected by duration of prior basal insulin therapy. Similarly, weight change was unaffected by duration of prior basal insulin therapy.Conclusions: Switching to Gla-300 from other basal insulin therapies provided comparable glycaemic control with lower risk of hypoglycaemia versus Gla-100, regardless of duration of prior basal insulin therapy.Clinical trial registration: NCT01499082, NCT01499095 (ClinicalTrials. gov).
AU  - Bonadonna, R.C.*
AU  - Renard, E.*
AU  - Cheng, A.-L.*
AU  - Fritsche, A.
AU  - Cali, A.*
AU  - Melas-Melt, L.*
AU  - Umpierrez, G.E.*
C1  - 53393
C2  - 44836
CY  - Elsevier House, Brookvale Plaza, East Park Shannon, Co, Clare, 00000, Ireland
SP  - 19-25
TI  - Switching to insulin glargine 300 U/mL: Is duration of prior basal insulin therapy important?
JO  - Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract.
VL  - 142
PB  - Elsevier Ireland Ltd
PY  - 2018
SN  - 0168-8227
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Aims: Gestational diabetes (GDM) is recognized as a major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) later in life. Risk allele carriers at TCF7L2 rs7903146 have increased susceptibility for both GDM and T2DM. We hypothesized that carrying TCF7L2 risk alleles would further aggravate the negative impact of a positive history for GDM on metabolic traits related to T2DM later in life.Methods: 210 women with a confirmed history of gestational diabetes and 810 controls without evidence for GDM underwent standardized 75 g oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT). Liver fat was quantified in a subset of subjects (n = 444) using magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Results: 504 women were homozygous or heterozygous risk allele carriers. The risk allele carriers had a higher risk for GDM (p = 0.0076, OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.11-2.06). Multivariable regression analysis demonstrated that both a history of GDM, or carrying a TCF7L2 risk allele resulted in lower insulin secretion, impaired proinsulin processing and higher fasting and 2-hour glucose levels. Liver fat content was not associated with either a history of GDM or a TCF7L2 risk genotype. There was no significant interaction (all p > 0.05) between history of GDM and TCF7L2 risk alleles on all diabetes-associated metabolic traits tested.Conclusion: The TCF7L2 rs7903146 polymorphism is a risk factor for gestational diabetes. However, the additional presence of TCF7L2 rs7903146 risk alleles does not further aggravate the negative impact of a history of gestational diabetes on metabolic traits related to T2DM. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
AU  - Fritsche, L.
AU  - Sarief, M.
AU  - Wagner, R.
AU  - Stefan, N.
AU  - Lehmann, R.
AU  - Häring, H.-U.
AU  - Grallert, H.
AU  - Fritsche, A.
AU  - Lechner, A.
C1  - 54715
C2  - 45802
CY  - Elsevier House, Brookvale Plaza, East Park Shannon, Co, Clare, 00000, Ireland
SP  - 251-257
TI  - Genetic variation in TCF7L2 rs7903146 and history of GDM negatively and independently impact on diabetes-associated metabolic traits.
JO  - Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract.
VL  - 146
PB  - Elsevier Ireland Ltd
PY  - 2018
SN  - 0168-8227
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - AIMS: Several published diabetes prediction models include information about family history of diabetes. The aim of this study was to extend the previously developed German Diabetes Risk Score (GDRS) with family history of diabetes and to validate the updated GDRS in the Multinational MONItoring of trends and determinants in CArdiovascular Diseases (MONICA)/German Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) study. METHODS: We used data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam study for extending the GDRS, including 21,846 participants. Within 5 years of follow-up 492 participants developed diabetes. The definition of family history included information about the father, the mother and/or sibling/s. Model extension was evaluated by discrimination and reclassification. We updated the calculation of the score and absolute risks. External validation was performed in the MONICA/KORA study comprising 11,940 participants with 315 incident cases after 5 years of follow-up. RESULTS: The basic ROC-AUC of 0.856 (95%-CI: 0.842-0.870) was improved by 0.007 (0.003-0.011) when parent and sibling history was included in the GDRS. The net reclassification improvement was 0.110 (0.072-0.149), respectively. For the updated score we demonstrated good calibration across all tenths of risk. In MONICA/KORA, the ROC-AUC was 0.837 (0.819-0.855); regarding calibration we saw slight overestimation of absolute risks. CONCLUSIONS: Inclusion of the number of diabetes-affected parents and sibling history improved the prediction of type 2 diabetes. Therefore, we updated the GDRS algorithm accordingly. Validation in another German cohort study showed good discrimination and acceptable calibration for the vast majority of individuals.
AU  - Mühlenbruch, K.*
AU  - Ludwig, T.
AU  - Jeppesen, C.*
AU  - Joost, H.G.*
AU  - Rathmann, W.*
AU  - Meisinger, C.
AU  - Peters, A.
AU  - Boeing, H.*
AU  - Thorand, B.
AU  - Schulze, M.B.*
C1  - 31091
C2  - 34128
CY  - Clare
SP  - 459-466
TI  - Update of the German Diabetes Risk Score and external validation in the German MONICA/KORA study.
JO  - Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract.
VL  - 104
IS  - 3
PB  - Elsevier Ireland Ltd
PY  - 2014
SN  - 0168-8227
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - To describe the health-related quality of life (HRQOL), the resource utilization and annual costs associated with diabetic neuropathy (DN) in Germany. METHODS: In this retrospective, observational study German internists, diabetologists and general practitioners provided information on 185 adult type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients with DN. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was assessed using generic and disease specific questionnaires. Socio-demographic and resource use data were assessed from medical charts and through patient interviews. Based on these results, national-level cost estimates were calculated using German unit costs. RESULTS: The majority of DN patients were severely impaired with regard to general physical HRQOL. Disease specific HRQOL decreased continuously with increasing DN severity. In accordance, costs associated with DN increased as DN progressed, with costs from the societal perspective increasing about 50-fold from the lowest severity stage (patients with sensory-motor neuropathy without symptoms) (euro431) to patients with lower extremity amputation in the year 2002 (euro21,476). The German statutory health insurance covered more than two thirds of the total costs of DN. CONCLUSIONS: The results described in this report show that diabetic neuropathy in adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes generates significant reductions in the patient's quality of life and a substantial economic burden both for society and health insurance.
AU  - Happich, M.*
AU  - John, J.
AU  - Stamenitis, S.*
AU  - Clouth, J.*
AU  - Polnau, D.*
C1  - 1314
C2  - 25601
SP  - 223-230
TI  - The quality of life and economic burden of neuropathy in diabetic patients in Germany in 2002--Results from the Diabetic Microvascular Complications (DIMICO) study.
JO  - Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract.
VL  - 81
IS  - 2
PB  - Elservier
PY  - 2008
SN  - 0168-8227
ER  -