TY  - JOUR
AB  - Charged particle therapy with proton beam therapy (PBT) and carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) has emerged as a promising radiation modality to minimize radiation hepatotoxicity while maintaining high rates of tumor local control. Both PBT and CIRT deposit the majority of their dose at the Bragg peak with little to no exit dose, resulting in superior sparing of normal liver tissue. CIRT has an additional biological advantage of increased relative biological effectiveness, which may allow for increased hypofractionation regimens. Retrospective and prospective studies have demonstrated encouragingly high rates of local control and overall survival and low rates of hepatotoxicity with PBT and CIRT. Ongoing randomized trials will evaluate the value of PBT over photons and other standard liver-directed therapies and future randomized trials are needed to assess the value of CIRT over PBT.
AU  - Apisarnthanarax, S.*
AU  - Bowen, S.R.*
AU  - Combs, S.E.
C1  - 54748
C2  - 45793
CY  - 1600 John F Kennedy Boulevard, Ste 1800, Philadelphia, Pa 19103-2899 Usa
SP  - 309-320
TI  - Proton beam therapy and carbon ion radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.
JO  - Semin. Radiat. Oncol.
VL  - 28
IS  - 4
PB  - W B Saunders Co-elsevier Inc
PY  - 2018
SN  - 1053-4296
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Trott, K.-R.
AU  - Kummermehr, J.
C1  - 20410
C2  - 13608
SP  - 115-125
TI  - The Time Factor and Repopulation in Tumours and Normal Tissues.
JO  - Semin. Radiat. Oncol.
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
PY  - 1993
SN  - 1053-4296
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Maciejewski, B.
AU  - Zajusz, A.
AU  - Pilecki, B.
AU  - Skladowski, K.
AU  - Dörr, W.
AU  - Kummermehr, J.
AU  - Trott, K.-R.
C1  - 19825
C2  - 12974
SP  - 54-57
TI  - Escalated Hyperfractionation and Stimulation of Acute Mucosal Reaction in Radiotherapy for Cancer of the Oral Cavity and Oropharynx.
JO  - Semin. Radiat. Oncol.
VL  - 2
PY  - 1992
SN  - 1053-4296
ER  -