TY  - JOUR
AB  - Combined heat and humidity is frequently described as the main driver of human heat-related mortality, more so than dry-bulb temperature alone. While based on physiological thinking, this assumption has not been robustly supported by epidemiological evidence. By performing the first systematic comparison of eight heat stress metrics (i.e., temperature combined with humidity and other climate variables) with warm-season mortality, in 604 locations over 39 countries, we find that the optimal metric for modelling mortality varies from country to country. Temperature metrics with no or little humidity modification associates best with mortality in ~40% of the studied countries. Apparent temperature (combined temperature, humidity and wind speed) dominates in another 40% of countries. There is no obvious climate grouping in these results. We recommend, where possible, that researchers use the optimal metric for each country. However, dry-bulb temperature performs similarly to humidity-based heat stress metrics in estimating heat-related mortality in present-day climate.
AU  - Eunice Lo, Y.T.*
AU  - Mitchell, D.M.*
AU  - Buzan, J.R.*
AU  - Zscheischler, J.*
AU  - Schneider, R.*
AU  - Mistry, M.N.*
AU  - Kyselý, J.*
AU  - Lavigne, E.*
AU  - da Silva, S.P.*
AU  - Royé, D.*
AU  - Urban, A.*
AU  - Armstrong, B.*
AU  - Gasparrini, A.*
AU  - Multi-Country Multi- City (MCC) Collaborative Research Network (Huber, V.)
AU  - Multi-Country Multi- City (MCC) Collaborative Research Network (Schneider, A.E.)
C1  - 75909
C2  - 58183
SP  - 5553-68
TI  - Optimal heat stress metric for modelling heat-related mortality varies from country to country.
JO  - Int. J. Climatol.
VL  - 43
IS  - 12
PY  - 2023
SN  - 0899-8418
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - The vertical temperature structure in the area of Garmisch-Partenkirchen between the Loisach river valley and the highest mountain in Germany (Zugspitze, 2962 m a.s.l.) is analysed. Using long time series (1936-2008) of daily mean, minimum and maximum temperatures from two meteorological stations, in the valley floor and on the mountain top, we studied seasonal variations in temperature lapse rates. By using daily data on weather types, significantly different altitudinal temperature lapse rates and daily temperature ranges for low and high pressure weather situations were found. There was no significant influence of snow cover in the valley on the lapse rate. At both stations, there has been an increase in temperature during recent decades. As there was a slight difference between these trends, the lapse rate has tended to become more negative, i.e. the difference between the mountain top and the valley has become more pronounced. In order to investigate the lapse rates in more detail, unpublished temperature data from 1989 to 1990 on slope transects near Garmisch-Partenkirchen were evaluated. Despite the fact that an exact description of the vertical structure of the atmospheric temperature is possible only from free air measurements, there are some indications that major inversions occur in the first 500 m above the valley ground, depending on season, weather situation and time of day.
AU  - Kirchner, M.
AU  - Faus-Kessler, T.
AU  - Jakobi, G.
AU  - Leuchner, M.*
AU  - Ries, L.*
AU  - Scheel, H.-E.*
AU  - Suppan, P.*
C1  - 23125
C2  - 31001
SP  - 539-555
TI  - Altitudinal temperature lapse rates in an Alpine valley: Trends and the influence of season and weather patterns.
JO  - Int. J. Climatol.
VL  - 33
IS  - 3
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
PY  - 2013
SN  - 0899-8418
ER  -