TY - BOOK AB - Medical imaging plays an imminent role in today's radiation oncology workflow. Predominantly based on semantic image analysis, malignant tumors are diagnosed, staged, and therapy decisions are made. The field of "radiomics" promises to extract complementary, objective information from medical images. In radiomics, predefined quantitative features including intensity statistics, texture, shape, or filtering techniques are combined into statistical or machine learning models to predict clinical or biological outcomes. Alternatively, deep neural networks can directly analyze medical images and provide predictions. A large number of research studies could demonstrate that radiomics prediction models may provide significant benefits in the radiation oncology workflow including diagnostics, tumor characterization, target volume segmentation, prognostic stratification, and prediction of therapy response or treatment-related toxicities. This chapter provides an overview of techniques within the radiomics toolbox, potential clinical application, and current limitations. A literature overview of four selected malignant entities including non-small cell lung cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, soft tissue sarcomas, and gliomas is given. AU - Peeken, J.C. AU - Wiestler, B.* AU - Combs, S.E. C1 - 59542 C2 - 48846 SP - 773-794 TI - Image-Guided Radiooncology: The Potential of Radiomics in Clinical Application. JO - Recent Results Cancer Res. VL - 216 PY - 2020 SN - 0080-0015 ER - TY - BOOK AB - The present chapter summarizes progress with optical methods that go beyond human vision. The focus is on two particular technologies: fluorescence molecular imaging and optoacoustic (photoacoustic) imaging. The rationale for the selection of these two methods is that in contrast to optical microscopy techniques, both fluorescence and optoacoustic imaging can achieve large fields of view, i.e., spanning several centimeters in two or three dimensions. Such fields of views relate better to human vision and can visualize large parts of tissue, a necessary premise for clinical detection. Conversely, optical microscopy methods only scan millimeter-sized dimensions or smaller. With such operational capacity, optical microscopy methods need to be guided by another visualization technique in order to scan a very specific area in tissue and typically only provide superficial measurements, i.e., information from depths that are of the order of 0.05-1 mm. This practice has generally limited their clinical applicability to some niche applications, such as optical coherence tomography of the retina. On the other hand, fluorescence molecular imaging and optoacoustic imaging emerge as more global optical imaging methods with wide applications in surgery, endoscopy, and non-invasive clinical imaging, as summarized in the following. The current progress in this field is based on a volume of recent review and other literature that highlights key advances achieved in technology and biomedical applications. Context and figures from references from the authors of this chapter have been used here, as it reflects our general view of the current status of the field. AU - Razansky, D.* AU - Ntziachristos, V. C1 - 59543 C2 - 48847 SP - 155-187 TI - Optical and optoacoustic imaging. JO - Recent Results Cancer Res. VL - 216 PY - 2020 SN - 0080-0015 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Multiple epidemiological studies demonstrated that overweight and obesity significantly increase the risk of several types of cancer. As the prevalence of obesity is dramatically rising, it is expected that it will represent one of the major lifestyle-associated risk factors for cancer development in the near future. Numerous recent studies expanded knowledge about key players and pathways, which are deregulated in the obese state and potentially promote cancer initiation, progression and aggressiveness via remote and local effects. These players include (but are not limited to) insulin/IGF, adipokines and inflammatory signaling molecules as well as metabolites. Nevertheless, the detailed mechanisms linking obesity and malignant transformation at the systemic, cellular and molecular level still demand further investigation. Additionally, dysfunctional molecular metabolic pathways appear to be specific for distinct cancer entities, thereby yet precluding definition of a common principle. This chapter will present an overview of the current knowledge of molecular nodes linking obesity and cancer and will briefly touch upon potential therapy options addressing metabolic cancer etiologies. AU - Diaz, M.B. AU - Herzig, S. AU - Schafmeier, T. C1 - 50148 C2 - 42037 SP - 219-242 TI - Biological mechanisms for the effect of obesity on cancer risk: Experimental evidence. JO - Recent Results Cancer Res. VL - 208 PY - 2016 SN - 0080-0015 ER - TY - BOOK AB - Since the inception of the microscope, optical imaging is serving the biological discovery for more than four centuries. With the recent emergence of methods appropriate for in vivo staining, such as bioluminescence, fluorescent molecular probes, and proteins, as well as nanoparticle-based targeted agents, significant attention has been shifted toward in vivo interrogations of different dynamic biological processes at the molecular level. This progress has been largely supported by the development of advanced optical tomographic imaging technologies suitable for obtaining volumetric visualization of biomarker distributions in small animals at a whole-body or whole-organ scale, an imaging frontier that is not accessible by the existing tissue-sectioning microscopic techniques due to intensive light scattering beyond the depth of a few hundred microns. Biomedical optoacoustics has also emerged in the recent decade as a powerful tool for high-resolution visualization of optical contrast, overcoming a variety of longstanding limitations imposed by light scattering in deep tissues. By detecting tiny sound vibrations, resulting from selective absorption of light at multiple wavelengths, multispectral optoacoustic tomography methods can now “hear color” in three dimensions, i.e., deliver volumetric spectrally enriched (color) images from deep living tissues at high spatial resolution and in real time. AU - Ntziachristos, V. AU - Razansky, D. A2 - Schober, O.* ; Riemann, B.* C1 - 11426 C2 - 30661 CY - Berlin SP - 134-150 TI - Optical and opto-acoustic imaging. JO - Recent Results Cancer Res. VL - 187 PB - Springer PY - 2013 SN - 0080-0015 ER - TY - JOUR AB -  Since the inception of the microscope, optical imaging is serving the biological discovery for more than four centuries. With the recent emergence of methods appropriate for in vivo staining, such as bioluminescence, fluorescent molecular probes, and proteins, as well as nanoparticle-based targeted agents, significant attention has been shifted toward in vivo interrogations of different dynamic biological processes at the molecular level. This progress has been largely supported by the development of advanced optical tomographic imaging technologies suitable for obtaining volumetric visualization of biomarker distributions in small animals at a whole-body or whole-organ scale, an imaging frontier that is not accessible by the existing tissue-sectioning microscopic techniques due to intensive light scattering beyond the depth of a few hundred microns. Biomedical optoacoustics has also emerged in the recent decade as a powerful tool for high-resolution visualization of optical contrast, overcoming a variety of longstanding limitations imposed by light scattering in deep tissues. By detecting tiny sound vibrations, resulting from selective absorption of light at multiple wavelengths, multispectral optoacoustic tomography methods can now "hear color" in three dimensions, i.e., deliver volumetric spectrally enriched (color) images from deep living tissues at high spatial resolution and in real time. These new-found imaging abilities directly relate to preclinical screening applications in animal models and are foreseen to significantly impact clinical decision making as well. AU - Ntziachristos, V. A2 - Schober, O.* ; Riemann, B.* C1 - 28897 C2 - 33567 SP - 133-150 TI - Optical and opto-acoustic imaging. JO - Recent Results Cancer Res. VL - 187 PB - Springer PY - 2013 SN - 0080-0015 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schultz-Hector, S. C1 - 33782 C2 - 35462 SP - 145-156 TI - Experimental studies on the pathogenesis of damage in the heart. JO - Recent Results Cancer Res. VL - 130 PY - 1993 SN - 0080-0015 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Single and repeated applications of 224Ra and single applications of 227Th to more than 600 female NMRI mice 3 - 4 weeks old, and to male NMRI mice have led to a high rate of osteosarcomas. Tumor incidence is dose-related. 227Th is more carcinogenic than 224Ra which induced the highest tumor incidence of 60% after a single injection of 5 muCi per Kg body weight or more. Repeated injections of 224Ra to female mice yielded a tumor incidence of up to 92%. Most of these osteosarcomas consist of well-differentiated bone-forming osteoplastic tissue. Half of the tumors occurred in the spine, particularly in the lumbar region. In protraction experiments, multifocal osteosarcomas have been observed. Less than 10% of the mice with osteosarcoma had developed metastases in lung, spleen, liver, and kidney. The possible mechanisms of the protraction effect are discussed. AU - Gössner, W. AU - Hug, O. AU - Luz, A. AU - Müller, W.A. C1 - 27985 C2 - 32889 SP - 36-49 TI - Experimental induction of bone tumors by short-lived bone-seeking radionuclides. JO - Recent Results Cancer Res. IS - 54 PY - 1976 SN - 0080-0015 ER -