TY  - JOUR
AB  - BACKGROUND: Outliers can influence regression model parameters and change the direction of the estimated effect, over-estimating or under-estimating the strength of the association between a response variable and an exposure of interest. Identifying visit-level outliers from longitudinal data with continuous time-dependent covariates is important when the distribution of such variable is highly skewed. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective was to identify potential outliers at follow-up visits using interquartile range (IQR) statistic and assess their influence on estimated Cox regression parameters. METHODS: Study was motivated by a large TEDDY dietary longitudinal and time-to-event data with a continuous time-varying vitamin B12 intake as the exposure of interest and development of Islet Autoimmunity (IA) as the response variable. An IQR algorithm was applied to the TEDDY dataset to detect potential outliers at each visit. To assess the impact of detected outliers, data were analyzed using the extended time-dependent Cox model with robust sandwich estimator. Partial residual diagnostic plots were examined for highly influential outliers. RESULTS: Extreme vitamin B12 observations that were cases of IA had a stronger influence on the Cox regression model than non-cases. Identified outliers changed the direction of hazard ratios, standard errors, or the strength of association with the risk of developing IA. CONCLUSION: At the exploratory data analysis stage, the IQR algorithm can be used as a data quality control tool to identify potential outliers at the visit level, which can be further investigated.
AU  - Mramba, L.K.*
AU  - Liu, X.*
AU  - Lynch, K.F.*
AU  - Yang, J.*
AU  - Aronsson, C.A.*
AU  - Hummel, S.
AU  - Norris, J.M.*
AU  - Virtanen, S.M.*
AU  - Hakola, L.*
AU  - Uusitalo, U.M.*
AU  - Krischer, J.P.*
C1  - 69004
C2  - 55181
CY  - Campus, 4 Crinan St, London, N1 9xw, England
TI  - Detecting potential outliers in longitudinal data with time-dependent covariates.
JO  - Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
PB  - Springernature
PY  - 2024
SN  - 0954-3007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Background/objectives: The transition to adolescence is characterised by considerable behavioural changes, including diet. This study describes the level of obesogenic eating behaviours in 10- and 15-year-olds, and their association with dietary intake. Subjects/methods: Participants of the 10- and 15-year follow-ups of the German GINIplus and LISA birth cohort studies were included (N10 = 2257; N15 = 1880). Eating behaviours and dietary intake were assessed via self-report questionnaires. Sex-stratified, cross-sectional associations of “external eating”, “emotional eating” and “dietary restraint” (the latter at age 15 years only) with dietary intake (17 food groups—categorised into tertiles, macronutrients, and total energy) were assessed using multinomial logistic or multiple linear regression as required, adjusting for covariates and correcting for multiple testing. Results: Reported levels of eating behaviours were low in both age-groups. External eating was higher in 10-year-old males than females, while all eating behaviours were most pronounced in 15-year-old females. At 10 years, emotional eating was associated with medium vegetable intake in females (Relative Risk Ratio (RRR) = 1.84, p = 0.0017). At 15 years, external eating was associated with total energy (kJ) in females (β = 718, p = 0.0002) and high butter intake in males (RRR = 1.96, p = 0.0019). Dietary restraint in females was inversely associated with total energy (β = −967, p < 0.0001) and omega-3 fatty acids (Means Ratio (MR) = 0.94, p = 0.0017), and positively associated with high fruit (RRR = 2.20, p = 0.0003) and whole grains (RRR = 1.94, p = 0.0013). Conclusion: Obesogenic eating behaviour scores are low among children and adolescents of a predominantly high socioeconomic status population and present only few associations with specific aspects of diet, mainly among adolescent females.
AU  - Marb, A.
AU  - Libuda, L.*
AU  - Standl, M.
AU  - Koletzko, S.*
AU  - Bauer, C.P.*
AU  - Schikowski, T.*
AU  - Berdel, D.*
AU  - von Berg, A.*
AU  - Herberth, G.*
AU  - Bühlmeier, J.*
AU  - Harris, C.
C1  - 64731
C2  - 52424
SP  - 1478-1485
TI  - Obesogenic eating behaviour and dietary intake in German children and adolescents: Results from the GINIplus and LISA birth cohort studies.
JO  - Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
VL  - 76
IS  - 10
PY  - 2022
SN  - 0954-3007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Background/Objectives The aim of the study was to describe a novel dietary assessment strategy based on two instruments complemented by information from an external population applied to estimate usual food intake in the large-scale multicenter German National Cohort (GNC). As proof of concept, we applied the assessment strategy to data from a pretest study (2012-2013) to assess the feasibility of the novel assessment strategy.Subjects/Methods First, the consumption probability for each individual was modeled using three 24 h food lists (24h-FLs) and frequencies from one food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Second, daily consumed food amounts were estimated from the representative German National Nutrition Survey II (NVS II) taking the characteristics of the participants into account. Usual food intake was estimated using the product of consumption probability and amounts.Results We estimated usual intake of 41 food groups in 318 men and 377 women. The participation proportion was 100, 84.4, and 68.5% for the first, second, and third 24h-FL, respectively. We observed no associations between the probability of participating and lifestyle factors. The estimated distributions of usual food intakes were plausible and total energy was estimated to be 2707 kcal/day for men and 2103 kcal/day for women. The estimated consumption frequencies did not differ substantially between men and women with only few exceptions. The differences in energy intake between men and women were mostly due to differences in estimated daily amounts.Conclusions The combination of repeated 24h-FLs, a FFQ, and consumption-day amounts from a reference population represents a user-friendly dietary assessment approach having generated plausible, but not yet validated, food intake values in the pretest study.
AU  - Knüppel, S.*
AU  - Clemens, M.*
AU  - Conrad, J.*
AU  - Gastell, S.*
AU  - Michels, K.B.*
AU  - Leitzmann, M.*
AU  - Krist, L.*
AU  - Pischon, T.*
AU  - Krause, G.*
AU  - Ahrens, W.*
AU  - Ebert, N.*
AU  - Jöckel, K.H.*
AU  - Kluttig, A.*
AU  - Obi, N.*
AU  - Kaaks, R.*
AU  - Lieb, W.*
AU  - Schipf, S.*
AU  - Brenner, H.*
AU  - Heuer, T.*
AU  - Harttig, U.*
AU  - Linseisen, J.
AU  - Nöthlings, U.*
AU  - Boeing, H.*
C1  - 55315
C2  - 46266
CY  - Macmillan Building, 4 Crinan St, London N1 9xw, England
SP  - 1480-1491
TI  - Design and characterization of dietary assessment in the German National Cohort.
JO  - Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
VL  - 73
IS  - 11
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
PY  - 2019
SN  - 0954-3007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Background/Objectives Dietary intake of red and processed meat has been associated with disease risk. Since dietary intake assessment methods are prone to measurement errors, identifying biomarkers of meat intake in bio-samples could provide more valid intake estimates. We examined associations of habitual red and processed meat, poultry, fish, and dairy products consumption with plasma concentrations of anserine, carnosine, pi-methylhistidine (Pi-MH), tau-methylhistidine (T-MH), and the ratio of T-MH to Pi-MH in a cross-sectional study.Subjects/Methods Plasma anserine, carnosine, Pi-MH, and T-MH concentrations were measured using ion-pair LC-MS/MS in 294 participants in the second Bavarian Food Consumption Survey (BVS II). Habitual food consumption was assessed using three 24-h dietary recalls. Associations between plasma metabolites concentrations and meat, fish, eggs, and dairy products consumption were assessed by fitting generalized linear model, adjusted for age, sex, and BMI.Results Total meat intake was associated with plasma concentrations of anserine, carnosine, Pi-MH and, the ratio of T-MH to Pi-MH. Red meat intake was related to carnosine (p-trend = 0.0028) and Pi-MH plasma levels (p-trend = 0.0493). Poultry (p-trend = 0.0006) and chicken (p-trend = 0.0003) intake were associated with Pi-MH. The highest anserine concentrations were observed in individuals consuming processed meat or turkey. For T-MH we did not observe any association with meat intake.Conclusions Our results indicate an association between habitual meat consumption and plasma concentrations of anserine, carnosine, Pi-MH and the ratio of T-MH to Pi-MH. Intervention studies should clarify whether the analyzed plasma metabolites are indicative for a specific type of meat before proposing them as biomarkers of habitual meat intake in epidemiologic studies.
AU  - Mitry, P.
AU  - Wawro, N.
AU  - Rohrmann, S.*
AU  - Giesbertz, P.*
AU  - Daniel, H.*
AU  - Linseisen, J.
C1  - 53987
C2  - 45184
CY  - Macmillan Building, 4 Crinan St, London N1 9xw, England
SP  - 692-702
TI  - Plasma concentrations of anserine, carnosine and pi-methylhistidine as biomarkers of habitual meat consumption.
JO  - Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
VL  - 73
IS  - 5
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
PY  - 2019
SN  - 0954-3007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Assessing fatty acid (FA) composition in relation to inflammatory markers can shed light on the role of different FA and their metabolism in low-grade inflammation. Existing exploratory studies in children are scarce, and findings inconsistent. We hence aim to analyse associations of FA with common inflammatory markers, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), in 10-year-old children. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Complete data were available for 958 participants from the 10-year follow-up of the LISAplus (Influence of Lifestyle-Related Factors on the Immune System and the Development of Allergies in Childhood plus the Influence of Traffic Emissions and Genetics) birth cohort study. FA composition was assessed in serum glycerophospholipids. Hs-CRP and IL-6 were categorised into three levels. Associations of FA with inflammatory markers were assessed using multinomial logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. Additionally, sex-stratified analyses were carried out. RESULTS: FA exposures associated with significantly higher low-grade inflammation, as indicated by higher hs-CRP or IL-6 levels, included: palmitic acid (PA) (IL-6: P<0.001, 95% confidence interval: 1.30; 2.43), arachidonic acid (AA) (hs-CRP: P=0.002, 1.07; 1.31), n-6 highly unsaturated FA (HUFA) (hs-CRP: P=0.002, 1.06; 1.27), ratio of AA to linoleic acid (AA/LA) (hs-CRP: P<0.001, 1.16; 1.62) and total saturated FA (SFA) (IL-6: P<0.001, 1.77; 3.15). FA exposures associated with reduced levels of inflammatory markers included LA (hs-CRP: P=0.001, 0.84; 0.96; IL-6: P<0.001, 0.69; 0.90) and total polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) (IL-6: P<0.001, 0.57; 0.78). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that higher SFA and minor n-6 HUFA, namely PA and AA, are associated with increased low-grade inflammation in children, whereas the major dietary n-6 PUFA and total PUFA are associated with reduced inflammation. Elevated desaturase activity, estimated by the ratio AA/LA, may be associated with higher inflammation, particularly in boys.
AU  - Harris, C.
AU  - Demmelmair, H.*
AU  - von Berg, A.*
AU  - Lehmann, I.*
AU  - Flexeder, C.
AU  - Koletzko, B.*
AU  - LISAplus Study Group (Heinrich, J.
AU  - Standl, M.
AU  - Schnappinger, M.
AU  - Brüske, I.
AU  - Sußmann, M.
AU  - Thiering, E.
AU  - Tiesler, C.M.
AU  - Flexeder, C.
AU  - Schulz, H.
AU  - Zeller, C.)
C1  - 51274
C2  - 43165
CY  - London
SP  - 1303-1311
TI  - Associations between fatty acids and low-grade inflammation in children from the LISAplus birth cohort study.
JO  - Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
VL  - 71
IS  - 11
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
PY  - 2017
SN  - 0954-3007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Only few epidemiologic studies examined sleep characteristics in relation to dietary behaviour. Our aim was to analyse associations of sleep duration, midpoint of sleep and sleep quality with dietary intake among the Bavarian population. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Within the cross-sectional Bavarian Food Consumption Survey II, 1050 subjects aged 13-81 years were recruited. Dietary intake was assessed with three 24-h dietary recalls by telephone (EPIC-Soft). In our study, 814 participants aged 18 years or older, who completed at least two 24-h dietary recalls and who had complete and plausible information on sleep characteristics were analysed. Dietary intake was described by the consumption of main food groups, energy-proving nutrients and energy intake. Sleep was measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Questionnaire, from which categories of self-reported usual sleep duration in half-h-steps per night, midpoint of sleep and overall sleep quality were derived. RESULTS: Sleep duration was associated with intake of non-alcoholic beverages (P<0.01), carbonated beverages (P=0.04), water (P=0.04) and coffee/black tea (P=0.01) with higher intake among short duration sleepers. No association was found between the consumption of other main food groups, energy-proving nutrients or total daily energy intake and sleep duration. Midpoint of sleep was associated with intake of carbonated beverages (P=0.02, highest intake among subjects with early midpoint of sleep). No association between sleep quality and dietary intake was detected. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate only specific associations between sleep characteristics and dietary intake, and mainly sleep duration was associated with beverage intake.
AU  - Kleiser, C.
AU  - Wawro, N.
AU  - Stelmach-Mardas, M.*
AU  - Boeing, H.*
AU  - Gedrich, K.*
AU  - Himmerich, H.*
AU  - Linseisen, J.
C1  - 51205
C2  - 42688
SP  - 631-637
TI  - Are sleep duration, midpoint of sleep and sleep quality associated with dietary intake among Bavarian adults?
JO  - Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
VL  - 71
IS  - 5
PY  - 2017
SN  - 0954-3007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Fatty liver disease (FLD) is an important intermediate trait along the cardiometabolic disease spectrum and strongly associates with type 2 diabetes. Knowledge of biological pathways implicated in FLD is limited. An untargeted metabolomic approach might unravel novel pathways related to FLD. SUBJECTS/METHODS: In a population-based sample (n=555) from Northern Germany, liver fat content was quantified as liver signal intensity using magnetic resonance imaging. Serum metabolites were determined using a non-targeted approach. Partial least squares regression was applied to derive a metabolomic score, explaining variation in serum metabolites and liver signal intensity. Associations of the metabolomic score with liver signal intensity and FLD were investigated in multivariable-adjusted robust linear and logistic regression models, respectively. Metabolites with a variable importance in the projection >1 were entered in in silico overrepresentation and pathway analyses. RESULTS: In univariate analysis, the metabolomics score explained 23.9% variation in liver signal intensity. A 1-unit increment in the metabolomic score was positively associated with FLD (n=219; odds ratio: 1.36; 95% confidence interval: 1.27-1.45) adjusting for age, sex, education, smoking and physical activity. A simplified score based on the 15 metabolites with highest variable importance in the projection statistic showed similar associations. Overrepresentation and pathway analyses highlighted branched-chain amino acids and derived gamma-glutamyl dipeptides as significant correlates of FLD. CONCLUSIONS: A serum metabolomic profile was associated with FLD and liver fat content. We identified a simplified metabolomics score, which should be evaluated in prospective studies.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition advance online publication, 5 April 2017; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2017.43.
AU  - Koch, M.*
AU  - Freitag-Wolf, S.*
AU  - Schlesinger, S.*
AU  - Borggrefe, J.*
AU  - Hov, J.R.*
AU  - Jensen, M.K.*
AU  - Pick, J.*
AU  - Markus, M.R.*
AU  - Höpfner, T.*
AU  - Jacobs, G.*
AU  - Siegert, S.*
AU  - Artati, A.
AU  - Kastenmüller, G.
AU  - Römisch-Margl, W.
AU  - Adamski, J.
AU  - Illig, T.*
AU  - Nothnagel, M.*
AU  - Karlsen, T.H.*
AU  - Schreiber, S.*
AU  - Franke, A.*
AU  - Krawczak, M.*
AU  - Nöthlings, U.*
AU  - Lieb, W.*
C1  - 50892
C2  - 42816
CY  - London
SP  - 995–1001
TI  - Serum metabolomic profiling highlights pathways associated with liver fat content in a general population sample.
JO  - Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
VL  - 71
IS  - 8
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
PY  - 2017
SN  - 0954-3007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Background/Objectives:Vitamin D and probiotics are nutrients of interest in the context of type 1 diabetes (T1D). We assessed the prevalence of and factors associated with vitamin D and probiotic supplementations among young children with genetic risk of T1D.Subjects/Methods:Use of supplements during the first 2 years of life was collected prospectively from 8674 children in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study.Results:Single and/or multivitamin/mineral (MVM) supplements were reported by 81% of the children. The majority of participants in Finland, Germany and Sweden (97-99%) and 50% in the United States received vitamin D supplements that were mostly MVMs. Probiotics use varied from 6% in the United States to 60% in Finland and was primarily from probiotics-only preparations. More than 80% of the vitamin D and probiotics supplementation was initiated during infancy, and more than half of the uses lasted longer than a year. Being the first child, longer duration of breastfeeding, born in a later year, older maternal age and higher maternal education level were associated with both vitamin D and probiotics use. Shorter gestational age and mother not smoking during pregnancy were associated with a higher likelihood of probiotics supplementation only.Conclusions:Vitamin D and probiotics supplementations are popular in children 0-2 years old and are associated with common factors. Data documented here will allow evaluation of the relationship between early childhood dietary intake and the development of islet autoimmunity and progression to T1D.
AU  - Tamura, R.N.*
AU  - Uusitalo, U.M.*
AU  - Aronsson, C.A.*
AU  - Silvis, K.*
AU  - Riikonen, A.*
AU  - Frank, N.*
AU  - Joslowski, G.
AU  - Winkler, C.
AU  - Norris, J.M.*
AU  - Virtanen, S.M.*
C1  - 51875
C2  - 43558
CY  - London
SP  - 1449-1454
TI  - Vitamin D and probiotics supplement use in young children with genetic risk for type 1 diabetes.
JO  - Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
VL  - 71
IS  - 12
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
PY  - 2017
SN  - 0954-3007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to quantify body weight changes in German adult populations during the past decades. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Longitudinal analysis of seven cohort studies covering different age ranges between 18 and 83 years. Baseline examinations were between 1994 and 2007 and follow-up durations between 4.0 and 11.9 years. For each study, mean change in body weight per year and 10-year change in body mass index (BMI) classification were analyzed. For the middle age group of 45-64 years, meta-analysis was conducted to obtain an overall estimate for Germany. RESULTS: Among men weight gain was highest in the youngest participants and decreased with advancing age. Among women weight gain was on a stable high level among those younger than 45 years and decreased at older age. Within 10 years, 30-40% of middle-aged participants with normal baseline weight became pre-obese or obese and 20-25% of those with pre-obesity at baseline became obese, whereas >80% of persons who were obese at baseline remained obese over time. The estimated average weight change in adults aged 45-64 years was 0.25 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.18-0.33) kg/year among men and 0.24 (0.17-0.30) kg/year among women. CONCLUSIONS: We could observe a moderate weight gain over the past years in German middle-aged populations of 0.25 kg/year. Obesity prevention needs to be targeted to specific subgroups in the population, especially to younger adults, who seem to be most vulnerable for gaining weight. Obesity intervention needs to be improved, as the majority of obese adults remained obese over time.
AU  - Haftenberger, M.*
AU  - Mensink, G.B.*
AU  - Herzog, B.*
AU  - Kluttig, A.*
AU  - Greiser, K.H.*
AU  - Merz, B.*
AU  - Nöthlings, U.*
AU  - Schlesinger, S.*
AU  - Vogt, S.
AU  - Thorand, B.
AU  - Peters, A.
AU  - Ittermann, T.*
AU  - Völzke, H.*
AU  - Schipf, S.*
AU  - Neamat-Allah, J.*
AU  - Kuhn, T.*
AU  - Kaaks, R.*
AU  - Boeing, H.*
AU  - Bachlechner, U.*
AU  - Scheidt-Nave, C.*
AU  - Schienkiewitz, A.*
C1  - 47233
C2  - 39357
CY  - London
SP  - 300-305
TI  - Changes in body weight and obesity status in German adults: Results of seven population-based prospective studies.
JO  - Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
VL  - 70
IS  - 3
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
PY  - 2016
SN  - 0954-3007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effect of season on food intake from selected food groups and on energy intake in adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The search process was based on selecting publications listed in the following: Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase and Agris. Food frequency questionnaires, 24-h dietary recalls and food records as methods for assessment of dietary intake were used to assess changes in the consumption of 11 food groups and of energy intake across seasons. A meta-analysis was performed. RESULTS: Twenty-six studies were included. Articles were divided into those reporting data on four seasons (winter, spring, summer and autumn) or on two seasons (pre-and post-harvest). Four of the studies could be utilized for meta-analysis describing changes in food consumption across four season scheme: from winter to spring fruits decreased, whereas vegetables, eggs and alcoholic beverages increased; from spring to summer vegetable consumption further increased and cereals decreased; from summer to autumn fruits and cereals increased and vegetables, meat, eggs and alcoholic beverages decreased; from autumn to winter cereals decreased. A significant association was also found between energy intake and season, for 13 studies reporting energy intake across four seasons (favors winter) and for eight studies across pre- and post-harvest seasons (favors post-harvest). CONCLUSIONS: The winter or the post-harvest season is associated with increased energy intake. The intake of fruits, vegetables, eggs, meat, cereals and alcoholic beverages is following a seasonal consumption pattern and at least for these foods season is determinant of intake.
AU  - Stelmach-Mardas, M.*
AU  - Kleiser, C.
AU  - Uzhova, I.*
AU  - Peñalvo, J.L.*
AU  - La Torre, G.*
AU  - Palys, W.*
AU  - Lojko, D.*
AU  - Nimptsch, K.*
AU  - Suwalska, A.*
AU  - Linseisen, J.
AU  - Saulle, R.*
AU  - Colamesta, V.*
AU  - Boeing, H.*
C1  - 47688
C2  - 39756
CY  - London
SP  - 700-708
TI  - Seasonality of food groups and total energy intake: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
JO  - Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
VL  - 70
IS  - 6
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
PY  - 2016
SN  - 0954-3007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - OBJECTIVES:To examine whether maximal velocities of weight, height and fat mass during potentially critical periods of growth were associated with body composition in young adulthood.SUBJECTS/METHODS:Analyses were performed on 277 female and 271 male participants of the DOrtmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study with anthropometric measurements in young adulthood (18-25 years) as well as early life (0-2 years), mid-childhood (3-8 years) or puberty (9-15 years). Maximum growth velocities were calculated using the SuperImposition by Translation And Rotation (SITAR) routine or polynomial functions and related to adult fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI).RESULTS:In early life, faster weight gain was associated with a moderately higher FMI and FFMI in young adulthood in women only (Ptrend=0.01). In mid-childhood and puberty, weight and fat mass velocities were related to adult FMI and FFMI in both sexes (Ptrend⩽0.002): relative differences between the highest and lowest tertiles of these growth velocities ranged 33-69% for adult FMI and 6-12% for adult FFMI. A higher mid-childhood height velocity was related to a modestly higher adult FMI in women only (Ptrend=0.0005).CONCLUSIONs:Faster gain in weight and body fat during mid-childhood and puberty appear to be particularly relevant for adult fat mass.
AU  - Cheng, G.*
AU  - Bolzenius, K.*
AU  - Joslowski, G.*
AU  - Günther, A.L.*
AU  - Kroke, A.*
AU  - Heinrich, J.
AU  - Buyken, A.E.*
C1  - 31747
C2  - 34711
CY  - London
SP  - 262-268
TI  - Velocities of weight, height and fat mass gain during potentially critical periods of growth are decisive for adult body composition.
JO  - Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
VL  - 69
IS  - 2
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
PY  - 2015
SN  - 0954-3007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - We examined the association of baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) with change in weight and total body fat in a cohort of community-dwelling older adults from Southern Germany. A total of 735 participants of the population-based KORA-Age Study (2009-2012), aged 65-90 years, were followed for 2.9±0.1 years. Body fat was assessed with bioelectrical impedance analysis. Linear and multinomial logistic models, adjusted for baseline covariables, were used to examine the association of 25(OH)D with percentage weight and body fat change during follow-up. 25(OH)D levels were not associated with overall weight change or body fat loss. Higher 25(OH)D levels were associated with a lower likelihood of having gained >3% of body fat in women but not in men. As we cannot exclude residual confounding by outdoor physical activity and diet, our results are not sufficient to support a causal role of 25(OH)D in the etiology of obesity in Caucasian older adults.
AU  - Vogt, S.
AU  - Zierer, A.
AU  - Laxy, M.
AU  - Koenig, W.*
AU  - Linkohr, B.
AU  - Linseisen, J.
AU  - Peters, A.
AU  - Thorand, B.
C1  - 46410
C2  - 37547
CY  - London
SP  - 136-139
TI  - Association of serum vitamin D with change in weight and total body fat in a German cohort of older adults.
JO  - Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
VL  - 70
IS  - 1
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
PY  - 2015
SN  - 0954-3007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Background/Objectives: Prospective cohort studies have indicated that serum vitamin D levels are inversely related to risk of type 2 diabetes. However, such studies cannot determine the source of vitamin D. Therefore, we examined the association of dietary vitamin D intake with incident type 2 diabetes within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-InterAct study in a heterogeneous European population including eight countries with large geographical variation. Subjects/Methods: Using a case-cohort design, 11 245 incident cases of type 2 diabetes and a representative subcohort (N=15 798) were included in the analyses. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for type 2 diabetes were calculated using a Prentice-weighted Cox regression adjusted for potential confounders. Twenty-four-hour diet-recall data from a subsample (N=2347) were used to calibrate habitual intake data derived from dietary questionnaires. Results: Median follow-up time was 10.8 years. Dietary vitamin D intake was not significantly associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes. HR and 95% CIs for the highest compared to the lowest quintile of uncalibrated vitamin D intake was 1.09 (0.97-1.22) (Ptrend =0.17). No associations were observed in a sex-specific analysis. The overall pooled effect (HR (95% CI)) using the continuous calibrated variable was 1.00 (0.97-1.03) per increase of 1 μg/day dietary vitamin D. Conclusions: This observational study does not support an association between higher dietary vitamin D intake and type 2 diabetes incidence. This result has to be interpreted in light of the limited contribution of dietary vitamin D on the overall vitamin D status of a person.
AU  - Abbas, S.*
AU  - Linseisen, J.
AU  - Rohrmann, S.*
AU  - Beulens, J.W.J.*
AU  - Buijsse, B.*
AU  - Amiano, P.*
AU  - Ardanaz, E.*
AU  - Balkau, B.*
AU  - Boeing, H.*
AU  - Clavel-Chapelon, F.*
AU  - Fagherazzi, G.*
AU  - Franks, P.W.*
AU  - Gavrila, D.*
AU  - Grioni, S.*
AU  - Kaaks, R.*
AU  - Key, T.J.*
AU  - Khaw, K.T.*
AU  - Kuhn, T.*
AU  - Mattiello, A.*
AU  - Molina-Montes, E.*
AU  - Nilsson, P.M.*
AU  - Overvad, K.*
AU  - Quirós, J.R.*
AU  - Rolandsson, O.*
AU  - Sacerdote, C.*
AU  - Saieva, C.*
AU  - Slimani, N.*
AU  - Sluijs, I.*
AU  - Spijkerman, A.M.W.*
AU  - Tjonneland, A.*
AU  - Tumino, R.*
AU  - van der A, D.L.*
AU  - Zamora-Ros, R.*
AU  - Sharp, S.J.*
AU  - Langenberg, C.*
AU  - Forouhi, N.G.*
AU  - Riboli, E.*
AU  - Wareham, N.J.*
C1  - 30632
C2  - 33755
CY  - London
SP  - 196-202
TI  - Dietary vitamin D intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition: The EPIC-InterAct study.
JO  - Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
VL  - 68
IS  - 2
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
PY  - 2014
SN  - 0954-3007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Background/objectives:Growth parameters during infancy and early childhood might predict adipokine levels later in life. This study investigates the association between peak growth velocities, body mass index (BMI) and age at adiposity rebound (AR), with leptin and adiponectin levels at age 10 years.subjects/Methods:Peak height (PHV) and weight (PWV) velocities were calculated from height and weight measurements obtained between birth and age 2 years from 2880 children participating in the GINIplus (German Infant Nutritional Intervention plus environmental and genetic influences on allergy development) and LISAplus (Influences of Lifestyle-Related Factors on the Immune System and the Development of Allergies in Childhood plus Air Pollution and Genetics) birth cohorts. BMI and age at AR were calculated using BMI measurements between age 1.5 and 12 years. Blood samples were collected during a physical examination at age 10. Adiponectin and leptin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Linear regression models were fitted after adjustment for potential confounding factors and results are presented per interquartile range increase in the exposure.Results:Age at AR was negatively associated with leptin in males and females (percent difference β*: -41.71%; 95% confidence interval: (-44.34;-38.96) and β*: -43.22%; (-45.59; -40.75), respectively). For both males and females PWV (β*: 14.23%; (7.60; 21.26) and β*: 18.54%; (10.76; 26.87), respectively) and BMI at AR (β*: 63.08%; (55.04; 71.53) and β*: 67.02%; (59.30; 75.10), respectively) were positively associated with leptin levels. PHV showed a positive effect on leptin in females only (β*: 10.75%; (3.73; 18.25)). Growth parameters were not significantly associated with adiponectin except for age at AR among females (β: 0.75 ng/ml; (0.42; 1.09)) and PWV among males (β: 0.45 ng/ml; (0.11; 0.79)).Conclusion:Growth patterns in early life may be associated with leptin levels at age 10 years.
AU  - Flexeder, C.
AU  - Thiering, E.
AU  - Kratzsch, J.*
AU  - Klümper, C.*
AU  - Koletzko, B.*
AU  - Müller, M.J.*
AU  - Koletzko, S.*
AU  - Heinrich, J.
C1  - 28149
C2  - 32966
SP  - 25-31
TI  - Is a child's growth pattern early in life related to serum adipokines at the age of 10 years?
JO  - Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
VL  - 68
IS  - 1
PB  - Nature Publishing
PY  - 2014
SN  - 0954-3007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Background/Objectives:The validity of dietary assessment in large-scale cohort studies has been questioned. Combining data sources for the estimation of usual intake in a blended approach may enhance the validity of dietary measurement. Our objective was to develop a web-based 24-h food list for Germany to identify foods consumed during the previous 24 h and to evaluate the performance of the new questionnaire in a feasibility study.Subjects/Methods:Available data from the German National Nutrition Survey II were used to develop a finite list of food items. A total of 508 individuals were invited to fill in the 24-h food list via the Internet up to three times during a 3-6-month time period. In addition, participants were asked to evaluate the questionnaire using a brief online evaluation form.Results:In total, 246 food items were identified for the 24-h food list, reflecting >75% variation in intake of 27 nutrients and four major food groups. Among the individuals invited, 64% participated in the feasibility study. Of these, 100%, 85% and 68% of participants completed the 24-h food list one, two or three times, respectively. The average time needed to complete the questionnaire was 9 min, and its acceptability by participants was rated as high.Conclusions:The 24-h food list represents a promising new dietary assessment tool that can be used as part of a blended approach combining multiple data sources for valid estimation of usual dietary intake in large-scale cohort studies.
AU  - Freese, J.*
AU  - Feller, S.*
AU  - Harttig, U.*
AU  - Kleiser, C.
AU  - Linseisen, J.
AU  - Fischer, B.*
AU  - Leitzmann, M.F.*
AU  - Six-Merker, J.
AU  - Michels, K.B.*
AU  - Nimptsch, K.*
AU  - Steinbrecher, A.*
AU  - Pischon, T.*
AU  - Heuer, T.*
AU  - Hoffmann, I.*
AU  - Jacobs, G.*
AU  - Boeing, H.*
AU  - Nöthlings, U.*
C1  - 29218
C2  - 33261
CY  - London
SP  - 324-329
TI  - Development and evaluation of a short 24-h food list as part of a blended dietary assessment strategy in large-scale cohort studies.
JO  - Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
VL  - 68
IS  - 3
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
PY  - 2014
SN  - 0954-3007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Background/objective:Blood proportions of fatty acids (FAs) and FA-ratios reflecting desaturase activity are associated with the risk of chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes mellitus or cardiovascular diseases. Biomarkers of dyslipidemia are considered as potential mediators of this association. We evaluated associations of erythrocyte membrane proportions of individual disease-related polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), trans-FAs, dairy-derived saturated FAs (SFAs) (15:0, 17:0) and FA-ratios with biomarkers of dyslipidemia (high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides).Subjects/methods:We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of a subsample (n=1759) of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam study. Associations of individual FAs and FA-ratios with plasma biomarkers of dyslipidemia were evaluated by linear multivariable regression.Results:Most notably, FA-ratios reflecting activity of Δ6-desaturase (D6D) and stearoyl-coenzyme A-desaturase (SCD) were positively associated with triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol concentrations (adjusted means (95% confidence interval (CI)) of triglycerides (mg/dl) across D6D tertiles: men-102 (94.7-110), 111 (104-120), 144 (134-156) and women-73.5 (70.0-77.2), 82.9 (79.0-86.9), 94.2 (89.7-98.9)); across SCD tertiles: men-99.0 (91.8-107), 115 (107-124), 144 (134-156) and women-72.4 (69.0-76.0), 81.5 (77.8-85.5), 97.2 (92.6-102)), whereas inverse associations with triglycerides were observed for the estimated Δ5-desaturase (D5D) activity (adjusted means (95% CI) of triglycerides (mg/dl) across D5D tertiles: men-128 (119-138), 121 (113-131), 106 (97.9-114) and women-92.0 (87.6-96.6), 82.8 (78.9-86.9), 75.3 (71.6-79.1), P-values for trend at least 0.0006). Furthermore, we observed generally weaker and less consistent associations of dairy-derived SFAs (mainly 17:0) with triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol. Individual PUFAs and trans-FAs were, if at all, only weakly associated with dyslipidemia markers.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol concentrations may be mediators that link intake and metabolism of FAs to metabolic risk.
AU  - Jacobs, S.*
AU  - Schiller, K.*
AU  - Jansen, E.*
AU  - Fritsche, A.
AU  - Weikert, C.*
AU  - di Giuseppe, R.*
AU  - Boeing, H.*
AU  - Schulze, M.B.*
AU  - Kröger, J.*
C1  - 30665
C2  - 33788
CY  - London
SP  - 517-525
TI  - Association between erythrocyte membrane fatty acids and biomarkers of dyslipidemia in the EPIC-Potsdam study.
JO  - Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
VL  - 68
IS  - 4
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
PY  - 2014
SN  - 0954-3007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Background/Objectives:Mother's body mass index (BMI) is a strong predictor of child BMI. Whether mother's BMI correlates with child's food intake is unclear. We investigated associations between mother's BMI/overweight and child's food intake using data from two German birth cohorts.Subjects/Methods:Food intakes from 3230 participants were derived from parent-completed food frequency questionnaires. Intakes of 11 food groups were categorized into three levels using group- and sex-specific tertile cutoffs. Mother's BMI and overweight were calculated on the basis of questionnaire data. Multinomial regression models assessed associations between a child's food intake and mother's BMI/overweight. Linear regression models assessed associations between a child's total energy intake and mother's BMI. Models were adjusted for study region, maternal education, child's age, sex, pubertal status and energy intake and the BMIs of the child and father.Results:Mothers' BMI was associated with high meat intake in children (adjusted relative risk ratio (RRR (95% confidence interval))=1.06 (1.03; 1.09)). Mothers' overweight was associated with the meat intake (medium versus low RRR=1.30 (1.07; 1.59); high versus low RRR=1.50 (1.19; 1.89)) and egg intake (medium versus low RRR=1.24 (1.02; 1.50); high versus low RRR=1.30 (1.07; 1.60)) of children. There were no consistent associations for rest of the food groups. For every one-unit increase in mothers' BMI, the total energy intake in children increased by 9.2 kcal (3.7; 14.7). However, this effect was not significant after adjusting for children's BMI.Conclusions:Our results suggest that mother's BMI and mother's overweight are important correlates of a child's intake of energy, meat and eggs.
AU  - Pei, Z.
AU  - Flexeder, C.
AU  - Fuertes, E.
AU  - Standl, M.
AU  - Berdel, D.*
AU  - von Berg, A.*
AU  - Koletzko, S.*
AU  - Schaaf, B.*
AU  - Heinrich, J.
AU  - GINIplus Study Group (Chen, C.-M.
AU  - Filipiak, B.
AU  - Franke, K.
AU  - Gehring, U.
AU  - Laubereau, B.
AU  - Popescu, M.
AU  - Sausenthaler, S.
AU  - Schoetzau, A.
AU  - Wichmann, H.-E.
AU  - Zutavern, A.)
AU  - LISAplus Study Group (*)
C1  - 31366
C2  - 34502
CY  - London
SP  - 898-906
TI  - Mother's body mass index and food intake in school-aged children: Results of the GINIplus and the LISAplus studies.
JO  - Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
VL  - 68
IS  - 8
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
PY  - 2014
SN  - 0954-3007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Background/objectives:High intake of added sweeteners is considered to have a causal role in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic disorders. Especially, high-fructose intake is regarded as potentially harmful to cardiometabolic health. It may cause not only weight gain but also low-grade inflammation, which represents an independent risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In particular, fructose has been suggested to induce plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression in the liver and to increase circulating inflammatory cytokines. We therefore aimed to investigate, whether high-fructose diet has an impact on PAI-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), e-selectin and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations in healthy humans.Subjects/methods:We studied 20 participants (12 males and 8 females) of the TUebingen FRuctose Or Glucose study. This is an exploratory, parallel, prospective, randomized, single-blinded, outpatient, hypercaloric, intervention study. The participants had a mean age of 30.9±2.1 years and a mean body mass index of 26.0±0.5 kg/m(2) and they received 150 g of either fructose or glucose per day for 4 weeks.Results:There were neither significant changes of PAI-1, MCP-1, e-selectin and CRP after fructose (n=10) and glucose (n=10) intervention nor treatment effects (all P>0.2). Moreover, we did not observe longitudinal associations of the inflammatory parameters with triglycerides, liver fat, visceral fat and body weight in the fructose group.Conclusions:Temporary high-fructose intake does not seem to cause inflammation in apparently healthy people in this secondary analysis of a small feeding trial.
AU  - Silbernagel, G.*
AU  - Machann, J.
AU  - Häring, H.-U.
AU  - Fritsche, A.
AU  - Peter, A.*
C1  - 28250
C2  - 33032
SP  - 97-100
TI  - Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, e-selectin and C-reactive protein levels in response to 4-week very-high-fructose or -glucose diets.
JO  - Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
VL  - 68
IS  - 1
PB  - Nature Publishing
PY  - 2014
SN  - 0954-3007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE:Serum metabolites have been linked to higher risk of chronic diseases but determinants of serum metabolites are not clear. We aimed to investigate the association between habitual diet as a modifiable risk factor and relevant serum metabolites.SUBJECTS/METHODS:This cross-sectional study comprised 2380 EPIC-Potsdam participants. Intake of 45 food groups was assessed by food frequency questionnaire and concentrations of 127 serum metabolites were measured by targeted metabolomics. Reduced rank regression was used to find dietary patterns that explain the maximum variation of metabolites.RESULTS:In the multivariable-adjusted model, the proportion of explained variation by habitual diet was ranked as follows: acyl-alkyl-phosphatidylcholines (5.7%), sphingomyelins (5.1%), diacyl-phosphatidylcholines (4.4%), lyso-phosphatidylcholines (4.1%), acylcarnitines (3.5%), amino acids (2.2%) and hexose (1.6%). A pattern with high intake of butter and low intake of margarine was related to acylcarnitines, acyl-alkyl-phosphatidylcholines, lyso-phosphatidylcholines and hydroxy-sphingomyelins, particularly with saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid side chains. A pattern with high intake of red meat and fish and low intake of whole-grain bread and tea was related to hexose and phosphatidylcholines. A pattern consisting of high intake of potatoes, dairy products and cornflakes particularly explained methionine and branched chain amino acids. Dietary patterns related to type 2 diabetes-relevant metabolites included high intake of red meat and low intake of whole-grain bread, tea, coffee, cake and cookies, canned fruits and fish.CONCLUSIONS:Dietary patterns characterized by intakes of red meat, whole-grain bread, tea and coffee were linked to relevant metabolites and could be potential targets for chronic disease prevention.
AU  - Floegel, A.*
AU  - von Ruesten, A.*
AU  - Drogan, D.*
AU  - Schulze, M.B.*
AU  - Prehn, C.
AU  - Adamski, J.
AU  - Pischon, T.*
AU  - Boeing, H.*
C1  - 26831
C2  - 32408
SP  - 1100-1108
TI  - Variation of serum metabolites related to habitual diet: A targeted metabolomic approach in EPIC-Potsdam.
JO  - Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
VL  - 67
IS  - 10
PB  - Nature Publishing
PY  - 2013
SN  - 0954-3007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Objective:To develop a prediction model that quantifies the risk of being overweight at 10 years of age.Subjects/Methods:In total, 3121 participants from the GINIplus (German Infant Nutritional Intervention plus environmental and genetic influences on allergy development) and LISAplus (Influences of Lifestyle-Related Factors on the Immune System and the Development of Allergies in Childhood plus Air Pollution and Genetics) German birth cohorts were recruited. We predicted standardized body mass index (BMI) at 10 years of age using standardized BMIs from birth to 5 years. Parental education, family income and maternal smoking during pregnancy were considered as covariates. Linear and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the impact of risk factors on BMI and on being overweight at 10 years of age, respectively.Results:Birth weight, standardized BMI at 5 years (60-64 months) (β=0.77; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.73-0.81) and maternal smoking during pregnancy were positively associated with standardized BMI at 10 years of age. Standardized BMI and overweight at 5 years were strongest predictors of being overweight at 10 years. Conversely, high parental education conferred a protective effect (β=-0.15; 95% CI: -0.29 to -0.01). Being overweight at 5 years (60-64 months) increased the risk of being overweight at 10 years of age with odds ratios above 10. Among children who were predicted to be overweight at 10 years, cross-validation results showed that 76.8% of female subjects and 68.1% of male subjects would be overweight at 10 years of age.Conclusion:BMI and being overweight at 5 years of age are strong predictors of being overweight at 10 years of age. The effectiveness of targeted interventions in children who are overweight at 5 years of age should be explored.
AU  - Pei, Z.
AU  - Flexeder, C.
AU  - Fuertes, E.
AU  - Thiering, E.
AU  - Koletzko, B.*
AU  - Cramer, C.*
AU  - Berdel, D.*
AU  - Lehmann, I.*
AU  - Bauer, C.P.*
AU  - Heinrich, J.
C1  - 26210
C2  - 32124
SP  - 855-862
TI  - Early life risk factors of being overweight at 10 years of age: Results of the German birth cohorts GINIplus and LISAplus.
JO  - Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
VL  - 67
IS  - 8
PB  - Nature Publishing
PY  - 2013
SN  - 0954-3007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Cross-sectionally, educational attainment is strongly associated with the prevalence of obesity, but this association is less clear for weight change during adult life. The objective of this study is to examine the association between educational attainment and weight change during adult life in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). SUBJECTS/METHODS: EPIC is a cohort study with 361 467 participants and up to 10 years of follow-up. Educational attainment was categorized according to the highest obtained school level (primary school or less, vocational secondary training, other secondary education and university). Multivariate mixed-effects linear regression models were used to study education in relation to weight at age 20 years (self-reported), to annual change in weight between age 20 years and measured weight at recruitment, and to annual change in weight during follow-up time. RESULTS: Higher educational attainment was associated with on average a lower body mass index (BMI) at age 20 years and a lower increase in weight up to recruitment (highest vs lowest educational attainment in men: -60 g per year (95% confidence interval (CI) -80; -40), women -110 g per year (95% CI -130; -80)). Although during follow-up after recruitment an increase in body weight was observed in all educational levels, gain was lowest in men and women with a university degree (high vs low education -120 g per year (95% CI -150; -90) and -70 g per year (95% CI -90; -60), respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Existing differences in BMI between higher and lower educated individuals at early adulthood became more pronounced during lifetime, which possibly impacts on obesity-related chronic disease risk in persons with lower educational attainment.
AU  - Rohrmann, S.*
AU  - Steinbrecher, A.*
AU  - Linseisen, J.
AU  - Hermann, S.*
AU  - May, A.*
AU  - Luan, J.*
AU  - Ekelund, U.*
AU  - Overvad, K.*
AU  - Tjonneland, A.*
AU  - Halkjaer, J.*
AU  - Fagherazzi, G.*
AU  - Boutron-Ruault, M.-C.*
AU  - Clavel-Chapelon, F.*
AU  - Agnoli, C.*
AU  - Tumino, R.*
AU  - Masala, G.*
AU  - Mattiello, A.*
AU  - Ricceri, F.*
AU  - Travier, N.*
AU  - Amiano, P.*
AU  - Ardanaz, E.*
AU  - Chirlaque, M.-D.*
AU  - Sanchez, M.-J.*
AU  - Rodriguez, L.*
AU  - Nilsson, L.M.*
AU  - Johansson, I.*
AU  - Hedblad, B.*
AU  - Rosvall, M.*
AU  - Lund, E.*
AU  - Braaten, T.*
AU  - Naska, A.*
AU  - Orfanos, P.*
AU  - Trichopoulou, A.*
AU  - van den Berg, S.*
AU  - Bueno-de-Mesquita, H.B.*
AU  - Bergmann, M.M.*
AU  - Steffen, A.*
AU  - Kaaks, R.*
AU  - Teucher, B.*
AU  - Wareham, N.J.*
AU  - Khaw, K.-T.*
AU  - Crowe, F.L.*
AU  - Illner, A.-K.*
AU  - Slimani, N.*
AU  - Gallo, V.*
AU  - Mouw, T.*
AU  - Norat, T.*
AU  - Peeters, P.H.M.*
C1  - 8574
C2  - 30269
SP  - 957-963
TI  - The association of education with long-term weight change in the EPIC-PANACEA cohort.
JO  - Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
VL  - 66
IS  - 8
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
PY  - 2012
SN  - 0954-3007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Evidence on the role of diet during adulthood and beyond on fracture occurrence is limited. We investigated diet and hip fracture incidence in a population of elderly Europeans, participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition study. 29, 122 volunteers (10,538 men, 18,584 women) aged 60 years and above (mean age: 64.3) from five countries were followed up for a median of 8 years and 275 incident hip fractures (222 women and 53 men) were recorded. Diet was assessed at baseline through validated dietary questionnaires. Data were analyzed through Cox proportional-hazards regression with adjustment for potential confounders. No food group or nutrient was significantly associated with hip fracture occurrence. There were suggestive inverse associations, however, with vegetable consumption (hazard ratio (HR) per increasing sex-specific quintile: 0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.85-1.01), fish consumption (HR per increasing sex-specific quintile: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.85-1.02) and polyunsaturated lipid intake (HR per increasing sex-specific quintile: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.82-1.02), whereas saturated lipid intake was positively associated with hip fracture risk (HR per increasing sex-specific quintile: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.99-1.29). Consumption of dairy products did not appear to influence the risk (HR per increasing sex-specific quintile: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.93-1.12). In a prospective study of the elderly, diet, including consumption of dairy products, alcohol and vitamin D, did not appear to play a major role in hip fracture incidence. There is however, weak and statistically non-significant evidence that vegetable and fish consumption and intake of polyunsaturated lipids may have a beneficial, whereas saturated lipid intake a detrimental effect.
AU  - Benetou, V.*
AU  - Orfanos, P.*
AU  - Zylis, D.*
AU  - Sieri, S.*
AU  - Contiero, P.*
AU  - Tumino, R.*
AU  - Giurdanella, M.C.*
AU  - Peeters, P.H.*
AU  - Linseisen, J.
AU  - Nieters, A.*
AU  - Boeing, H.*
AU  - Weikert, C.*
AU  - Pettersson, U.*
AU  - Johansson, I.*
AU  - Bueno-de-Mesquita, H.B.*
AU  - Dorronsoro, M.*
AU  - Boffetta, P.*
AU  - Trichopoulou, A.*
C1  - 4693
C2  - 28474
CY  - London
SP  - 132-139
TI  - Diet and hip fractures among elderly Europeans in the EPIC cohort.
JO  - Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
VL  - 65
IS  - 1
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
PY  - 2011
SN  - 0954-3007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: We aimed to identify dietary patterns associated with inflammatory markers and to examine their impact on the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and all-cause mortality, as subclinical inflammation is a risk factor for these outcomes. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study population comprised 981 middle-aged men participating in the first or third 'MONItoring of Trends and Determinants in CArdiovascular Diseases' (MONICA) Augsburg surveys who completed 7-day dietary records. Subjects were followed up until 2002 for CHD and until 2007 for mortality. Dietary patterns were derived using reduced rank regression (RRR) with C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-18 as responses. Alternatively, partial least squares and principal components regression were used. RESULTS: A high score of the RRR-derived pattern was characterised by high intakes of meat, soft drinks and beer and low intakes of vegetables, fresh fruit, chocolates, cake, pastries, wholemeal bread, cereals, muesli, curd, condensed milk, cream, butter, nuts, sweet bread spread and tea. This score was associated with a higher risk for CHD (hazard ratio=1.33, 95% confidence interval: 1.06-1.67, P=0.013) and mortality (hazard ratio=1.34, 1.17-1.53, P<0.001) after multivariable adjustment. However, for CHD and CHD mortality the significant association disappeared after further adjustment for smoking status; for all-cause mortality it was attenuated but remained significant (hazard ratio=1.16, 1.00-1.33, P=0.046). Patterns derived from the other methods resembled the RRR pattern showing similar results regarding disease outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Participants exhibiting higher dietary pattern scores had higher levels of inflammatory markers and higher risk for CHD and all-cause mortality, however, smoking was an important confounder, especially for CHD outcomes.
AU  - Meyer, J.
AU  - Döring, A.
AU  - Herder, C.*
AU  - Roden, M.*
AU  - Koenig, W.*
AU  - Thorand, B.
C1  - 6786
C2  - 29271
SP  - 800-807
TI  - Dietary patterns, subclinical inflammation, incident coronary heart disease and mortality in middle-aged men from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg cohort study.
JO  - Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
VL  - 65
IS  - 7
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
PY  - 2011
SN  - 0954-3007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - The apparent widespread extent of zinc (Zn) deficiency in developing countries and the efficacy of oral Zn supplements as an adjunct to oral rehydration therapy make oral Zn supplementation an increasingly important modality in clinical medicine and public health. In this study we aimed to compare the relative bioavailability of oral doses of 30 mg of Zn in two dosing forms.In total, 10 healthy male volunteers ingested oral Zn doses with 200 ml plain water at about 0830 hours in the fasting state on two occasions, once as 30 mg of Zn in an aqueous solution of reagent grade zinc sulfate (ZnSO(4)) and another time as 1.5 NutriSet Zn tablets (Nutriset, Malaunay, France); on a third occasion, only plain water was consumed. Venous blood specimens were collected at baseline, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min after ingestion and the plasma Zn was measured for each sample. The relative bioavailability of oral Zn from a commonly used, tableted (NutriSet) form is only about half of that of a reference dose of aqueous ZnSO(4) as indicated by the area under the curve of serial plasma Zn excursion and maximal change in circulating Zn. Reduced or absent functional outcomes in Zn intervention trials may derive, in part, from a lower than anticipated intestinal uptake of the Zn in the tableted form.
AU  - Solomons, N.W.*
AU  - Romero-Abal, M.E.*
AU  - Weiss, G.*
AU  - Michalke, B.
AU  - Schumann, K.*
C1  - 6190
C2  - 28430
CY  - London
SP  - 125-131
TI  - Bioavailability of zinc from NutriSet zinc tablets compared with aqueous zinc sulfate.
JO  - Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
VL  - 65
IS  - 1
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
PY  - 2011
SN  - 0954-3007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - To examine the association between plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and the intake of vitamins and trace elements from supplements possibly related to inflammation such as vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids, selenium and zinc. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study using data from the Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease/Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (MONICA/KORA) Survey 1994/95. SETTING: Region of Augsburg, Southern Germany. SUBJECTS: Population-based sample of 2045 women and 2172 men, aged 25-74 years. RESULTS: Intake of dietary supplements containing vitamins and trace elements was associated with lower CRP levels in women. Especially vitamin E in combination with other vitamins like vitamin C, vitamin B(1), B(2), B(6), B(12), niacin, folic acid, pantothenic acid and selenium, was significantly associated with lower CRP levels. Odds ratios for elevated CRP levels (>3.0 mg/l) after multivariable adjustment were 0.57 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.37, 0.89) for the intake of vitamin E and 0.57 (95% CI: 0.35, 0.91) for the intake of multivitamins, defined as taking three or more different vitamins. These associations were not seen in men. Intake of vitamin C, carotenoids or zinc was not significantly associated with levels of CRP in both men and women. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that the intake of certain vitamins and trace elements from supplements is associated with lower CRP concentrations in women. Thus, intake of these micronutrients could influence the inflammatory process underlying the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Specific dose response relationships and the best combinations of vitamins and trace elements have to be determined in further studies.
AU  - Scheurig, A.C.
AU  - Thorand, B.
AU  - Fischer, B.
AU  - Heier, M.
AU  - Koenig, W.*
C1  - 2853
C2  - 25291
SP  - 127-131
TI  - Association between the intake of vitamins and trace elements from supplements and C-reactive protein: Results of the MONICA/KORA Augsburg study.
JO  - Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
VL  - 62
IS  - 1
PB  - Stockton
PY  - 2008
SN  - 0954-3007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Objective:   Due to inconsistent results based on dietary intake data, unsaturated fatty acids in red blood cell (RBC) membranes and diet were used to investigate their association with allergic sensitisation and allergic rhinitis. Design:   Cross-sectional, population-based study. Setting:   Bavarian Nutrition Survey II (2002–03), Germany. Subjects:   A total of 568 adult participants, 325 women and 243 men. Methods:   By means of logistic regression models, the relation of fatty acids to (i) allergic sensitisation as defined by means of specific serum immunoglobulin E analysis (CAPSX1 class 2), and (ii) self-reported allergic rhinitis was examined. Results:   A high cell membrane level of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3) was inversely associated with allergic sensitisation, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were 0.52 (0.30–0.90) for the highest (vs lowest) quartile. A similar effect was observed for allergic rhinitis with an OR (95% CI) of 0.50 (0.24–1.03; P=0.027 for trend). A higher dietary intake of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3 n-3) was associated with a decreased risk of allergic sensitisation and allergic rhinitis with ORs (95% CIs) of 0.51 (0.28–0.93) and 0.43 (0.20–0.93), respectively, in the highest quartiles. No other dietary or cell membrane unsaturated fatty acid was significantly associated with the outcome variables, nor was the n-6/n-3 ratio. The strongest effects were observed among subjects under the age of 40 y. Conclusions:   In this cross-sectional study among adults, a high content of n-3 fatty acids in RBC membranes (EPA) or in the diet (ALA) is associated with a decreased risk of allergic sensitisation and allergic rhinitis. Sponsorship:   The study was supported by funds of the Kurt-Eberhard-Bode-Stiftung and the Bavarian Ministry of Environment, Health and Consumer Protection.
AU  - Hoff, S.*
AU  - Seiler, H.*
AU  - Heinrich, J.
AU  - Kompauer, I.
AU  - Nieters, A.*
AU  - Becker, N.*
AU  - Nagel, G.*
AU  - Gedrich, K.*
AU  - Karg, G.*
AU  - Wolfram, G.*
AU  - Lineisen, J.*
C1  - 4054
C2  - 23270
SP  - 1071-1080
TI  - Allergic sensitisation and allergic rhinitis are associated with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet and in red blood cell membranes.
JO  - Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
VL  - 59
PY  - 2005
SN  - 0954-3007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Objective: To analyse the current vitamin intake and the contribution of dietary supplements to this intake of 4030 participants of the German Nutrition Survey (GeNuS) 1998, which was part of the representative German National Health Interview and Examination Survey (GNHIES), conducted from October 1997 until March 1999. Design: In the GeNuS participants were interviewed comprehensively about their usual diet and supplementation patterns using a modified dietary history. Setting: Population-based nutritional survey. Subjects: A subsample of 4030 persons, aged 18-79 y, randomly selected from the GNHIES 1998. Results: The contribution of dietary supplements to the vitamin intake reached 5% for vitamin E among men and 6% for vitamin C among women. Among the group of regular users, the contribution to the vitamin E intake is 36% among men and 43% among women. A substantial part of the population does not reach the current recommendations for some vitamins, especially for folate and vitamin E through their diet alone. Among regular supplement users, about one-third for folate and about half for the other vitamins reach the recommended intake only when supplemental intake is considered. Among the regular users of folate supplements, this proportion is about half. Conclusion: If reference values are used as preference intake, a substantial population part improves their vitamin intake by taking supplements regularly. Nevertheless, there are persons who stay below the reference values including supplemental intake or already consume more than 100% of recommendation excluding supplemental intake.
AU  - Beitz, R.*
AU  - Mensink, G.B.M.*
AU  - Fischer, B.
AU  - Thamm, M.*
C1  - 9534
C2  - 20714
SP  - 539-545
TI  - Vitamins - dietary intake and intake from dietary supplements in Germany.
JO  - Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
VL  - 56
IS  - 6
PY  - 2002
SN  - 0954-3007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element with many physiological functions. Homeostatic mechanisms exist to allow Cu to act as a cofactor in enzymatic processes and to prevent accumulation of Cu to toxic levels. The aim of this commentary is to better understand the role of dietary Cu supply in deficiency and under physiological and pathological conditions. The essentiality of Cu can be attributed to its role as a cofactor in a number of enzymes that are involved in the defence against oxidative stress. Cu, however, has a second face, that of a toxic compound as it is observed with accumulating evidence in hepatic, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. The destructive potential of Cu can be attributed to inherent physico-chemical properties. The main property is its ability to take part in Fenton-like reactions in which the highly reactive and extremely deleterious hydroxyl radical is formed. Diseases caused by dietary Cu overload could be based on a genetic predisposition. Thus, an assessment of risk-groups, such as infants with impaired mechanisms of Cu homeostasis regarding detoxification, is of special interest, as their Cu intake with resuspended formula milk may be very high. This implies the need for reliable diagnostic markers to determine the Cu status. These topics were introduced at the workshop by the participants followed by extensive group discussion. The consensus statements were agreed on by all members. One of the conclusions is that a re-assessment of published data is necessary and future research is required.
AU  - Schumann, K.*
AU  - Classen, H.G.*
AU  - Dieter, H.H.*
AU  - König, J.*
AU  - Multhaup, G.*
AU  - Rükgauer, M.*
AU  - Summer, K.H.
AU  - Bernhardt, J.*
AU  - Biesalski, H.K.*
C1  - 9533
C2  - 20486
SP  - 469-483
TI  - Hohenheim Consensus Workshop : Copper.
JO  - Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
VL  - 56
IS  - 6
PY  - 2002
SN  - 0954-3007
ER  -