TY  - JOUR
AB  - Emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the flue gas of a bark fuelled combustion facility were monitored in real time by time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization. Sampling and on-line analysis could be maintained up to more than six hours consecutively, providing an insight in the aromatic profile of gaseous emissions as a function of varying combustion conditions. Naphthalene concentrations were quantified by determining a response factor of the ionization signal relative to toluene, which served as an external standard. Limits of detection of 1 ppb could be achieved with a time resolution of ten seconds. The emission of PAH occurred in peaks displaying exceeding levels of concentration. Between such emission peaks PAH concentration could drop to ground level near the limit of detection. Addition of sulphur to the combustion chamber - either as ammonium sulphate solution or elemental sulphur pellets - caused a significant decrease in the number of emission peaks, yielding an overall diminishment of average PAH concentration up to 88%. This was accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in concentration of carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds, indicating an improvement in combustion quality after sulphur injection.
AU  - Streibel, T.
AU  - Mühlberger, F.
AU  - Geißler, R.
AU  - Saraji-Bozorgzad, M.R.
AU  - Adam, T.
AU  - Zimmermann, R.
C1  - 31905
C2  - 34873
CY  - New York
SP  - 1771-1777
TI  - Influence of sulphur addition on emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during biomass combustion.
JO  - Proc. Combust. Inst.
VL  - 35
IS  - 2
PB  - Elsevier Science Inc
PY  - 2015
SN  - 1540-7489
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - A discussion on on-line detection of organic products of incomplete combustion covers the use of MS with selective and soft (fragment free) ionization techniques; REMPI-TOFMS technique, which already used for on-line monitoring of PAH in flue gases of combustion processes; single-photon ionization with vacuum UV photons, a less selective but soft ionization method; monitoring of nearly simultaneous aromatic compounds (PAH) and other molecules, e.g., aldehydes or NO, using these two ionization methods; and first application results on waste incineration flue gas and automotive exhaust gas. Original is an abstract.
AU  - Zimmermann, R.
AU  - Mühlberger, F.
AU  - Hafner, K.
AU  - Kettrup, A.
C1  - 33193
C2  - 35486
SP  - 187
TI  - Real-time on-line measurements of combustion effluents using a TOF mass spectrometer with alternating VUV SPI and two photon REMPI.
JO  - Proc. Combust. Inst.
IS  - B
PY  - 2000
SN  - 1540-7489
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Image processing by linear systems has some fascinating aspects due to the theorems of the Fourier transform (FT). Those, whose FT operator is a piece of glass are quite familiar to them, thinking in object space images and FT space images by reason of visual experience. But also in digital image processing the study of FT images is advantageous, e. g. when designing linear filters. The first step of the realization of a Laplacian operator is shown as an example.
AU  - Hutzler, P.J.S.
C1  - 42038
C2  - 40389
SP  - 899-901
TI  - Optical filtering techniques in digital image enhancement.
JO  - Proc. Combust. Inst.
VL  - 2
PY  - 1984
SN  - 1540-7489
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - An inexpensive and compact opto-electronic system was built that is adapted to the way a highly trained cytotechnologist screens a sample. It uses spatial frequency plane filtering for fast information reduction. Due to their limited accuracy and low flexibility sample classification by exclusive use of optical processors is not possible. Therefore the system is intended only as an interactive screening aid to facilitate human cytoscreening and leaves the classification of the slide to the cytotechnologist. In principle it can also be used to speed up digital image processing systems.
AU  - Reuter, B.W.
AU  - Schenck, U.G.
C1  - 42039
C2  - 0
SP  - 88-91
TI  - Opto - electronic hybrid system based upon frequency plane filtering for prescreening cytological samples.
JO  - Proc. Combust. Inst.
VL  - 473
PY  - 1984
SN  - 1540-7489
ER  -