TY  - JOUR
AB  - Increased fat mass is an established risk factor for the cardiometabolic diseases type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is associated with increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality. However, also very low fat mass associates with such an increased risk. Whether impaired metabolic health, characterized by hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and subclinical inflammation, may explain part of the elevated risk of cardiometabolic diseases that is found in many subjects with very low fat mass, as it does in many obese subjects, is unknown. An important pathomechanism of impaired metabolic health is disproportionate fat distribution. In this article the risk of cardiometabolic diseases and mortality in subjects with metabolically healthy and unhealthy normal weight and obesity is summarized. Furthermore, the change of metabolic health during a longer period of follow-up and its impact on cardiometabolic diseases is being discussed. Finally, the implementation of the concept of metabolic health in daily clinical practice is being highlighted.
AU  - Stefan, N.
C1  - 59936
C2  - 49130
CY  - 101-2503, 109 Mapo-daero, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04146, South Korea
SP  - 487–493
TI  - Metabolically healthy and unhealthy normal weight and obesity.
JO  - Endocrinol. Metab.
VL  - 35
IS  - 3
PB  - Korean Endocrine Soc
PY  - 2020
SN  - 2093-596X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - A macroinvasive pituitary adenoma with plurihormonality usually causes acromegaly and hyperprolactinemia, and also accompanies with neurologic symptoms such as visual disturbances. However, its concurrent presentation with a rectal carcinoid tumor is rarely observed. This study reports the history, biochemical, colonoscopic and immunohistochemical results of a 48-year-old female with acromegaly and hyperprolactinemia. Despite the large size and invasive nature of the pituitary adenoma to adjacent anatomical structures, she did not complain of any neurologic symptoms such as visual disturbance or headache. Immunohistochemical staining of the surgical specimen from the pituitary adenoma revealed that the tumor cells were positive for growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Staining for pituitary-specific transcription factor-1 (Pit-1) was shown to be strongly positive, which could have been possibly contributing to the plurihormonality of this adenoma. Colonoscopy found a rectal polyp that was identified to be a carcinoid tumor using immunohistochemical staining. A macroinvasive pituitary adenoma with concomitant rectal carcinoid tumor was secreting GH, PRL and TSH, which were believed to be in association with over-expression of Pit-1. This is the first case report of double primary tumors comprising a plurihormonal pituitary macroadenoma and rectal carcinoid tumor.
AU  - Chin, S.O.*
AU  - Hwang, J.K.*
AU  - Rhee, S.Y.*
AU  - Chon, S.*
AU  - Oh, S.S.*
AU  - Lee, M.S.
AU  - Pellegata, N.S.
AU  - Kim, S.W.*
C1  - 43060
C2  - 35998
SP  - 389-394
TI  - Acromegaly due to a macroinvasive plurihormonal pituitary adenoma and a rectal carcinoid tumor.
JO  - Endocrinol. Metab.
VL  - 30
IS  - 3
PY  - 2015
SN  - 2093-596X
ER  -