TY  - JOUR
AB  - Background: Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease with possible contributions from bacterial antigens. We aimed to investigate the role of oral bacteria as inducers of inflammatory cascades in smooth muscle cells from carotid endarterectomy patients (AthSMCs) and healthy controls (HSMCs). Findings: Inactivated Streptococcus mitis, S. sanguinis, S. gorgonii, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis were used to stimulate inflammation in HSMCs and AthSMCs. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) was used as a positive control in all stimulations. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were determined from cell culture supernatants and microRNA expression profiles from cells after 24 h of bacterial stimulation. Genome wide expression (GWE) analyses were performed after 5 h stimulation. All studied bacteria induced pro inflammatory IL-6 production in both SMCs. The most powerful inducer of IL-6 was A. actinomycetemcomitans (p < 0.001). Of the 84 studied miRNAs, expression of 9 miRNAs differed significantly (p ≤ 0.001) between HSMCs and AthSMCs stimulated with inactivated bacteria or TNFα. The data was divided into two groups: high IL-6 producers (A. actinomytectemcomititans and TNFα) and low IL-6 producers (streptococcal strains and P. gingivalis). The expression of 4 miRNAs (miR-181-5p, −186-5p, −28-5p and −155-5p) differed statistically significantly (p < 0.001) between healthy HSMCs and AthSMCs in the low IL-6 producer group. According to multidimensional scaling, two gene expression clusters were seen: one in HSMCs and one AthSMCs. Conclusions: Our results suggest that inactivated oral bacteria induce inflammation that is differently regulated in healthy and atherosclerotic SMCs.
AU  - Pessi, T.*
AU  - Viiri, L.E.*
AU  - Raitoharju, E.*
AU  - Astola, N.*
AU  - Seppälä, I.*
AU  - Waldenberger, M.
AU  - Lounatmaa, K.*
AU  - Davies, A.H.*
AU  - Lehtimäki, T.*
AU  - Karhunen, P.J.*
AU  - Monaco, C.*
C1  - 44856
C2  - 37168
CY  - Cham
TI  - Interleukin-6 and microRNA profiles induced by oral bacteria in human atheroma derived and healthy smooth muscle cells.
JO  - SpringerPlus
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
PB  - Springer International Publishing Ag
PY  - 2015
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - AIMS: To explore the association between knowledge on diabetes and glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes in Bangladesh. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 515 patients with type 2 diabetes attending a tertiary hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Trained interviewers were used to collect data on socioeconomic status, time since the onset of diabetes, co-morbidities, anthropometric measurements, blood tests, knowledge and perceptions about the causes, management, and complications of diabetes through face to face interviewers based on a structured questionnaire. Diabetes knowledge was reported using a composite score. Chi square tests and correlation analysis were performed to measure the association between knowledge on diabetes and glycemic control. RESULTS: Overall, 45.6% participants had good, 37.7% moderate and 16.7% poor knowledge on diabetes. The mean composite score was 0.75 ± 0.28 and the proportion of participants with a score of ≤50% was 16.7%. Only 24.3% participants identified physical inactivity as a risk factor for diabetes. Knowledge on diabetes was significantly associated with education, gender, monthly income, duration of diabetes, body mass index, family history of diabetes, and marital status but not with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Correlation matrix showed weak negative association between diabetes knowledge score and glycemic control (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Patients with type 2 diabetes in Bangladesh have limited knowledge on the causes, management and risk factors for diabetes, despite receiving professional health education and care in a tertiary diabetic hospital. Strategies to improve the quality of diabetes education and identifying other potential factors for glycemic control are important for ensuring optimum management of diabetes in Bangladesh.
AU  - Shariful Islam, S.M.*
AU  - Niessen, L.W.*
AU  - Seissler, J.*
AU  - Ferrari, U.*
AU  - Biswas, T.*
AU  - Islam, A.*
AU  - Lechner, A.
C1  - 45398
C2  - 37334
CY  - Cham
TI  - Diabetes knowledge and glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes in Bangladesh.
JO  - SpringerPlus
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
PB  - Springer International Publishing Ag
PY  - 2015
ER  -