TY - JOUR AB - Overlapping embedded genes, such as htgA/yaaW, are assumed to be rare in prokaryotes. In Escherichia coli O157:H7, gfp fusions of both promoter regions revealed activity and transcription start sites could be determined for both genes. Both htgA and yaaW were inactivated strand specifically by introducing a stop codon. Both mutants exhibited differential phenotypes in biofilm formation and metabolite levels in a nontargeted analysis, suggesting that both are functional despite YaaW but not HtgA could be expressed. While yaaW is distributed all over the Gammaproteobacteria, an overlapping htgA-like sequence is restricted to the Escherichia-Klebsiella clade. Full-length htgA is only present in Escherichia and Shigella, and htgA showed evidence for purifying selection. Thus, htgA is an interesting case of a lineage-specific, nonessential and young orphan gene. AU - Fellner, L.* AU - Bechtel, N.* AU - Witting, M.A. AU - Simon, S.* AU - Schmitt-Kopplin, P. AU - Keim, D.* AU - Scherer, S.* AU - Neuhaus, K.* C1 - 28031 C2 - 32911 SP - 57-64 TI - Phenotype of htgA (mbiA), a recently evolved orphan gene of Escherichia coli and Shigella, completely overlapping in antisense to yaaW. JO - FEMS Microbiol. Lett. VL - 350 IS - 1 PB - Wiley-Blackwell PY - 2014 SN - 0378-1097 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Initial ecosystems are characterized by a low availability of nutrients and a low soil organic matter content. Interactions of plants and microorganisms in such environments, particularly in relation to litter decomposition, are very important for further ecosystem development. In a litter decomposition study using an initial substrate from a former mining area, we applied the litter of two contrasting pioneer plant species (legume vs. pasture plants), Lotus corniculatus and Calamagrostis epigejos, which are commonly observed in the study area. Litter decomposition was investigated and carbon (C) translocation from litter into soil microorganisms was described by following (13) C from labelled plant litter materials into the fraction of phospholipid fatty acids. Labile C compounds of both plant litter types were easily degraded during the first 4 weeks of litter decomposition. In contrast to climax ecosystems, where the importance of fungi for litter degradation has been shown in many studies, in our experiment, data clearly indicate an outcompetition of fungi by Gram-positive bacteria as soon as available nitrogen is limited in the detritusphere. AU - Esperschütz, J. AU - Welzl, G. AU - Schreiner, K. AU - Buegger, F. AU - Munch, J.-C. AU - Schloter, M. C1 - 6438 C2 - 28692 SP - 48-55 TI - Incorporation of carbon from decomposing litter of two pioneer plant species into microbial communities of the detritusphere. JO - FEMS Microbiol. Lett. VL - 320 IS - 1 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd. PY - 2011 SN - 0378-1097 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In this microcosm study, we focused on the effect of a combined application of copper and mefenoxam on the functional diversity of soil microbial communities. Treatments with combined and separate applications of copper and mefenoxam were sampled at 24 and 60 days and control soil was sampled at 0, 24 and 60 days. Structural and metabolic profiling of microorganisms were performed by arbitrarily primed (AP) and RNA arbitrarily primed-PCR (RAP-PCR). Cluster analysis resulted in separate grouping of AP and RAP-PCR profiles, with differences between control and treatments being more pronounced with respect to RAP-PCR profiles. amoA, a functional molecular marker for beta-subgroup ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, could only be detected at day 60 in treatments of mefenoxam, and mefenoxam+copper, with higher gene copies in the latter. There was also an increase in potential nitrification activity on application of mefenoxam and mefenoxam+copper. Comparison of amoA diversity was performed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis followed by construction of a clone library of amoA fragments amplified from the mefenoxam+copper-treated sample. Analysis of clones was performed by restriction digestion and subsequent sequencing. Patterns 1 and 5 were seen in 93% of the clones and clustered together with amoA sequences of Nitrosospira, indicating that Nitrosospira-like organisms are the major nitrifiers under mefenoxam treatments. AU - Demanou, J.* AU - Sharma, S. AU - Weber, A.* AU - Wilke, B.-M.* AU - Njine, T.* AU - Monkiedje, A.* AU - Munch, J.-C. AU - Schloter, M. C1 - 5188 C2 - 23654 SP - 55-62 TI - Shifts in microbial community functions and nitrifying communities as a result of combined application of copper and mefenoxam. JO - FEMS Microbiol. Lett. VL - 260 PY - 2006 SN - 0378-1097 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Enterobacter sakazakii is considered an opportunistic foodborne pathogen that is characterized by formation of yellow-pigmented colonies. Because of the lack of basic knowledge about Enterobacter sakazakii genetics, the BAC approach and the heterologous expression of the pigment in Escherichia coli were used to elucidate the molecular structure of the genes responsible for pigment production in Enterobacter sakazakii strain ES5. Sequencing and annotation of a 33.025 bp fragment revealed seven ORFs that could be assigned to the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. The gene cluster had the organization crtE-idi-XYIBZ, with the crtE-idi-XYIB genes putatively transcribed as an operon and the crtZ gene transcribed in the opposite orientation. The carotenogenic nature of the pigment of Enterobacter sakazakii wt was ascertained by in situ analysis using visible microspectroscopy and resonance Raman microspectroscopy. AU - Lehner, A.* AU - Grimm, M.* AU - Rattei, T.* AU - Ruepp, A. AU - Frishman, D.* AU - Manzardo, G.G.G.* AU - Stephan, R.* C1 - 5400 C2 - 24102 SP - 244-248 TI - Cloning and characterization of Enterobacter sakazakii pigment genes and in situ spectroscopic analysis of the pigment. JO - FEMS Microbiol. Lett. VL - 265 PY - 2006 SN - 0378-1097 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Scholz, H.C.* AU - Tomaso, H.* AU - Dahouk, S.* AU - Witte, A.* AU - Schloter, M. AU - Kämpfer, P.* AU - Falsen, E.* AU - Neubauer, H.* C1 - 4006 C2 - 23538 SP - 7-16 TI - Genotypin of Ochrobactrum anthropi by recA-based comparative sequence, PCR-RFLP and 16S rRNA gene analysis. JO - FEMS Microbiol. Lett. VL - 257 PY - 2006 SN - 0378-1097 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bathe, S.* AU - Lebuhn, M.* AU - Ellwart, J.W. AU - Wuertz, S.* AU - Hausner, M.* C1 - 940 C2 - 21966 SP - 215-219 TI - High phylogenetic diversity of transconjugants carrying plasmid pJP4 in an activated sludge-derived microbial community. JO - FEMS Microbiol. Lett. VL - 235 PY - 2004 SN - 0378-1097 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gebert, J.* AU - Gröngröft, A.* AU - Schloter, M. AU - Gattinger, A. C1 - 1204 C2 - 22065 SP - 61-68 TI - Community structure in a methanothroph biofilter as revealed by phospholipid fatty acid analysis. JO - FEMS Microbiol. Lett. VL - 240 PY - 2004 SN - 0378-1097 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The upper pathway of anaerobic degradation of 2-methylnaphthalene was studied with a sulphate-reducing enrichment culture, which is able to grow with naphthalene or 2-methylnaphthalene as sole carbon source and electron donor. Anaerobic degradation of 2-methylnaphthalene is initiated by an addition of fumarate to the methyl-group producing the first intermediate, naphthyl-2-methyl-succinate. In a subsequent P-oxidation of the original methyl atom, the central metabolite 2-naphthoic acid is generated. In the following pathway, the aromatic ring system is reduced, cleaved, and finally oxidised to CO2. Here, we present two new enzymatic reactions of the 2-methylnaphthalene degradation pathway that were measured in crude cell extracts. All metabolites were identified with HPLC by co-elution with synthesised reference substances. The first enzyme, succinyl-CoA:naphthyl-2-methyl-succinate CoA-transferase, catalyses the activation of naphthyl-2-methyl-succinic acid to the corresponding CoA ester. The average specific activity of this enzyme was 19.6 nmol x min(-1) x mg of protein(-1). The CoA-transfer was not inhibited by sodium borohydride and only partially by hydroxylamine, indicating that this enzyme belongs to the family III of CoA-transferases like the corresponding enzyme in the anaerobic toluene degradation pathway. The product of this CoA-transfer reaction, naphthyl-2-methyl-succinyl-CoA is then oxidised in a reaction to naphthyl-2-methylene-succinyl-CoA by the enzyme naphthyl-2-methyl-suceinyt-CoA dehydrogenase. The specific activity of this enzyme was 0.115 nmol x min(-1) x mg of protein(-1). The enzymatic activity could only be detected using phenazine methosulphate as electron acceptor. No activity was observed with natural electron acceptors such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide or flavin adenine dinucleotide. The two novel reactions presented here demonstrate that the original methyl-group of 2-methylnaphthalene is oxidised to the carboxyl group of 2-naphthoic acid in the upper part of the anaerobic degradation pathway. AU - Safinowski, M.* AU - Meckenstock, R.U. C1 - 2920 C2 - 22135 SP - 99-104 TI - Enzymatic reactions in anaerobic 2-methylnaphthalene degradation by the sulphate-reducing enrichment culture N 47. JO - FEMS Microbiol. Lett. VL - 240 PY - 2004 SN - 0378-1097 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Microbial structural and expression profiles of the rhizospheres of three legumes, faba beans, peas and white lupin, were compared by RNA-arbitrarily primed PCR technique. Two different primers, M 13 reverse and 10-mer primers, were used in the amplification and products resolved on non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel. With both DNA and RNA profiles Lupinus and Pisum rhizospheres were more similar to each other than to Vicia rhizosphere. The RAP-PCR products were also dot blotted and probed for bacterial peptidase transcripts. Plant-dependent rhizosphere effect was evident by the marked absence of transcripts for bacterial neutral metallopeptidase in Lupinus rhizosphere. The results of dot blot were further confirmed by RT-PCR for the expression of bacterial neutral metallopeptidase in the three rhizospheres AU - Sharma, S. AU - Aneja, M.K. AU - Mayer,J.* AU - Schloter, M. AU - Munch, J.-C. C1 - 4707 C2 - 22093 SP - 181-186 TI - RNA fingerprinting of microbial community in the rhizosphere soil of grain legumes. JO - FEMS Microbiol. Lett. VL - 240 PY - 2004 SN - 0378-1097 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gattinger, A. AU - Schloter, M. AU - Munch, J.-C. C1 - 22031 C2 - 20612 SP - 133-139 TI - Phospholipid etherlipid and phospholipid fatty acid fingerprints in selected euryarchaeotal monocultures for taxonomic profiling. JO - FEMS Microbiol. Lett. VL - 213 PY - 2002 SN - 0378-1097 ER - TY - JOUR AB - 16S rRNA gene libraries were prepared by polymerase chain reaction amplification and cloning from soil samples taken periodically from a field with genetically modified plants. Sequence analyses of the cloned rDNAs indicated that 140 of them clustered apart from known bacterial phyla. Based on 31 full sequences a new phylum could be defined. It includes Holophaga foetida, ‘Geothrix fermentans’ and Acidobacterium capsulatum as the only cultured species so far. Therefore, this line of descent was named the Holophaga/Acidobacterium phylum. About 50 published partial sequences of cloned rDNAs retrieved from soil, freshwater sediments or activated sludge from different continents indicate the occurrence of further representatives of this phylum. Two specific hybridization probes were constructed for members of one of four subclusters. A careful data analysis revealed the importance and problems of identifying and dealing with artefacts such as chimeric structure when defining new phylogenetic groups based mainly upon cloned amplified rDNAs. For the first time, the presence of bacterial cells representing this group could be shown in soil, sediment, activated sludge and lake snow by in situ hybridization. AU - Ludwig, W.* AU - Bauer, S.H.* AU - Bauer, M.* AU - Held, I.* AU - Kirchhof, G. AU - Schulze, R.* AU - Huber, I.* AU - Spring, S.* AU - Hartmann, A. AU - Schleifer, K.H.* C1 - 23135 C2 - 31046 SP - 181-190 TI - Detection and in situ identification of representatives of a widely distributed new bacterial phylum. JO - FEMS Microbiol. Lett. VL - 153 IS - 1 PB - Wiley PY - 1997 SN - 0378-1097 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Human retrovirus-like particles related to mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) are secreted in a steroid-dependent manner by the breast cancer cell line T47D. We report the successful large scale production and purification of these particles from culture supernatants of T47D cells and describe the experimental conditions established for this purpose. Thus, mg amounts of particles were produced by large scale culturing of T47D cells in an autoharvesting roller bottle system and purified by differential centrifugation and continuous flow ultracentrifugation on density gradients with a 50% recovery and a 350-fold enrichment. AU - Faff, O.* AU - Murray, B.A.* AU - Erfle, V.F. AU - Hehlmann., R.* C1 - 40448 C2 - 40103 SP - 289-296 TI - Large scale production and purification of human retrovirus-like particles related to the mouse mammary tumor virus. JO - FEMS Microbiol. Lett. VL - 109 IS - 2-3 PY - 1993 SN - 0378-1097 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The respiration of starved Saccharomyces cerevisiae is inhibited 50% by 0.008 mM, 0.013 mM, or 0.06 mM m-chloro-peroxybenzoic acid (CPBA) when ethanol, glucose, or no external substrate is added, respectively. CPBA concentrations of 0.01-0.2 mM oxidize NADH or NADPH rapidly in vitro. Oxidation of reduced pyridine nucleotides might therefore contribute to the observed inhibition of respiration (oxygen uptake) in intact cells, in addition to the previously observed inhibition of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase. The inhibitory effect of CPBA on the activity of GAPDH and ADH, and the decreasing effect on the ATP level are synergistically potentiated when sulfite and/or nitrites is added together with CPBA, i.e., combinations of these substances are more effective than expected from the sum of effectivity of the single substances. AU - Prakash, D. AU - Hinze, H. AU - Holzer, H. C1 - 41782 C2 - 0 SP - 305-308 TI - Synergistic effect of m-chloro-peroxybenzoic acid, sulfite and nitrite on the energy metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. JO - FEMS Microbiol. Lett. VL - 34 IS - 3 PY - 1986 SN - 0378-1097 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The time course of photobleaching and the nanosecond fluorescence decay have been measured from microscopic samples of methanogenic bacteria, to our knowledge the first application of these methods in this field. Decay times of about 1 ns and 3 ns were obtained for the specific coenzymes F420 and 7-methylpterin, respectively. In contrast to methylpterin and other fluorescent compounds the intensity of F420 fluorescence was reduced selectively due to photobleaching. This effect, as well as the different decay time constants could be used to discriminate F420 from other fluorescent components. In addition, active and inactive bacterial cells could be differentiated following the course of photobleaching. AU - Schneckenburger, H. AU - Reuter, B.W. AU - Schoberth, S.M.* C1 - 41394 C2 - 38651 SP - 205-208 TI - Time-resolved microfluorescence for measuring coenzyme F420 in Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum. JO - FEMS Microbiol. Lett. VL - 22 IS - 3 PY - 1984 SN - 0378-1097 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Reineke, W. AU - Wessels, S.W. AU - Rubio, M.A.* AU - Latorre, J.* AU - Schwien, U.* AU - Schmidt, E.* AU - Schlömann, M.* AU - Knackmuß, H.J.* C1 - 41050 C2 - 38422 SP - 291-294 TI - Degradation of monochlorinated aromatics following transfer of genes encoding chlorocatechol catabolism. JO - FEMS Microbiol. Lett. VL - 14 IS - 4 PY - 1982 SN - 0378-1097 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Quandt, L. AU - Gottschalk, G. AU - Ziegler, H. AU - Stichler, W. C1 - 41181 C2 - 38090 SP - 125-128 TI - Isotope discrimination by photosynthetic bacteria. JO - FEMS Microbiol. Lett. VL - 1 IS - 3 PY - 1977 SN - 0378-1097 ER -