TY - JOUR AB - Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a sight-threatening complication associated with the highly prevalent diabetes disorder. Both the microvascular damage and neurodegeneration detected in the retina caused by chronic hyperglycemia have brought special attention to Muller cells, the major macroglia of the retina that are responsible for retinal homeostasis. Given the role of glucocorticoid signaling in anti-inflammatory responses and the almost exclusive expression of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) in retinal Muller cells, administration of corticosteroid agonists as a potential treatment option has been widely studied. Although these approaches have been moderately efficacious in treating or de-escalating DR pathomechanisms, there are various side effects and gaps of knowledge with regard to introducing exogenous glucocorticoids to the diseased retina. In this paper, we provide a review of the literature concerning the available evidence for the role of Muller cell glucocorticoid signaling in DR and we discuss previously investigated approaches in modulating this system as possible treatment options. Furthermore, we propose a novel alternative to the available choices of treatment by using gene therapy as a tool to regulate the expression of GR in retinal Muller cells. Upregulating GR expression allows for induced glucocorticoid signaling with more enduring effects compared to injection of agonists. Hence, repetitive injections would no longer be required. Lastly, side effects of glucocorticoid therapy such as glucocorticoid resistance of GR following chronic exposure to excess ligands or agonists can be avoided. AU - Ghaseminejad, F.* AU - Kaplan, L.* AU - Pfaller, A.M.* AU - Hauck, S.M. AU - Grosche, A.* C1 - 57456 C2 - 47806 CY - One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, Ny, United States SP - 221–230 TI - The role of Muller cell glucocorticoid signaling in diabetic retinopathy. JO - Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. VL - 258 IS - 2 PB - Springer PY - 2020 SN - 0721-832X ER - TY - JOUR AU - Graw, J. AU - Klopp, N. AU - Illig, T. AU - Preising, M.N.* AU - Lorenz, B.* C1 - 4059 C2 - 23914 SP - 912-919 TI - Congenital cataract and macular hypoplasia in humans associated with a de novo mutation in CRYAA and compound heterozygous mutations in P. JO - Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. VL - 244 PY - 2006 SN - 0721-832X ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: Teleconsultation services have the potential to improve the communication among different medical care providers and between them and the patient. Increasing effectiveness in the shape of a savings in time or cost is often the result of better communication. Methods: A study was performed in order to demonstrate the feasibility of teleconsultation services, using the perioperative management of cataract patients as an example, and to provide data on the quality, acceptance and effectiveness of these services in comparison with a control group experiencing normal treatment. Results: Over a period of 3 months 42 patients of the teleconsultation group and 20 controls were studied. There were two referring ophthalmologists and three surgeons. The teleconsultation group had one consultation fewer with the ophthalmic surgeon because of the teleconsultation service. Patient satisfaction was slightly higher using the new technology. Patients would like to see this technique used again should surgery on the second eye become necessary. Conclusions: Teleconsultation services are ready to support and improve perioperative cataract management. Patients' confidence in their medical treatment was increased by using teleconsultation services. Physicians will expand the use of teleconsultation. AU - Zahlmann, G.* AU - Mertz, M.* AU - Fabian, E.* AU - Holle, R. AU - Kaatz, H.* AU - Neubauer, L.* AU - Strobl, H.* AU - Walther, H.-D.* C1 - 10144 C2 - 20137 SP - 17-20 TI - Perioperative cataract OP management by means of teleconsultation. JO - Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. VL - 240 PB - Springer PY - 2002 SN - 0721-832X ER - TY - JOUR AU - Graw, J. AU - Liebstein, A. C1 - 20539 C2 - 13742 SP - 354-358 TI - DNase Activity in Murine Lenses: implications for Cataractogenesis. JO - Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. VL - 231 PY - 1993 SN - 0721-832X ER - TY - JOUR AB - In murine lens extracts a Mg2+-dependent DNase activity was found and characterized with respect to its ionic conditions. The lenticular DNase can be clearly distinguished from DNaseII. Only a moderate DNase activity is detectable in intact nuclei of lens cells from l-day-old mice, but DNase is obviously present with high activity in lens cell nuclei from 7-day-old mice. During this time, when murine eyes are not yet open, and the fiber cell nuclei including the nuclear membrane remain to be completely digested, only weak activity can be detected in cytosolic lens extracts. In three allelic dominant mice mutants exhibiting hereditary cataracts the DNase activity is inhibited. The decrease of DNase activity follows the same directionality (Cat-2(ns) > Cat-2(no) > Cat-2(t)) as the decrease in the relative content of water soluble lens proteins, which might be used as a rough indicator for the severity of cataractogenesis. Both trends are highly significant (P < 0.0001). AU - Graw, J. AU - Liebstein, A. C1 - 40437 C2 - 40037 SP - 354-358 TI - DNase activity in murine lenses: Implications for cataractogenesis. JO - Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. VL - 231 IS - 6 PY - 1993 SN - 0721-832X ER - TY - JOUR AU - Graw, J. AU - Reitmeir, P. AU - Wulff, A. C1 - 18114 C2 - 10966 SP - 252-254 TI - Osmotic State of Lenses in Three Dominant Murine Cataract Mutants. JO - Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. VL - 228 PY - 1990 SN - 0721-832X ER - TY - JOUR AB - Three newly detected dominant cataract mutations (Asc-1, Cat-3(vao), Tcm) were investigated for effects on osmotic alterations in the lenses of heterozygotes. The lens wet weight was reduced in two mutant lines (Cat-3(vao) and Tcm), and the water content in the lenses of the Cat-3(vao) mice was increased. Moreover, in the cataractous lenses from Cat-3(vao)mice, the sodium-potassium-adenosine triphosphatase (Na+ - K+ -ATPase) activity was enhanced and the ATP concentration, correspondingly decreased. The osmotic variations observed in the Cat-3(vao) mutants might have been due to a metabolic response to the yet unknown, primary pathological event. The lenses of the other two mutant lines (Asc-1 and Tcm) revealed no alterations that could be related to osmotic stress. In no mutant line investigated could a decrease in Na+ - K+ - ATPase activity be demonstrated that was similar to the causative factor in the Nakano mutant line. The Cat-3(vao) mice exhibited some similarities to the Philly mutant line. AU - Graw, J. AU - Reitmeir, P. AU - Wulff, A. C1 - 41853 C2 - 36466 SP - 252-254 TI - Osmotic state of lenses in three dominant murine cataract mutants. JO - Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. VL - 228 IS - 3 PY - 1990 SN - 0721-832X ER -