TY  - JOUR
AB  - Peatlands in the northern hemisphere are a major carbon storage but face an increased risk of wildfires due to climate change leading to large-scale smoldering fires in boreal and Arctic peatlands. Smoldering fires release organic carbon rich particulate matter, which influences the earth’s radiative balance and can cause adverse health effects for humans. Here we characterize the molecular composition of biomass burning particulate matter generated by laboratory burning experiments of peat by electrospray ionization 21 T Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, revealing a highly complex mixture of aromatic and aliphatic organic compounds with abundant heteroatoms including oxygen, sulfur and up to five nitrogen atoms. Primary organosulfur species are identified in the emissions of peat-smoldering, in part also containing nitrogen. Differences are observed when comparing structural motifs as well as the chemical composition of boreal and Arctic peat burning emissions, with the latter containing compounds with more nitrogen and sulfur.
AU  - Schneider, E.*
AU  - Rüger, C.P.*
AU  - Chacón-Patiño, M.L.*
AU  - Somero, M.*
AU  - Ruppel, M.M.*
AU  - Ihalainen, M.*
AU  - Köster, K.*
AU  - Sippula, O.*
AU  - Czech, H.
AU  - Zimmermann, R.
C1  - 70323
C2  - 55514
CY  - Campus, 4 Crinan St, London, N1 9xw, England
TI  - The complex composition of organic aerosols emitted during burning varies between Arctic and boreal peat.
JO  - Comm. Earth Environ.
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
PB  - Springernature
PY  - 2024
SN  - 2662-4435
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Intensively managed open croplands are highly productive but often have deleterious environmental impacts. Temperate agroforestry potentially improves ecosystem functions, although comprehensive analysis is lacking. Here, we measured primary data on 47 indicators of seven ecosystem functions in croplands and 16 indicators of four ecosystem functions in grasslands to assess how alley-cropping agroforestry performs compared to open cropland and grassland. Carbon sequestration, habitat for soil biological activity, and wind erosion resistance improved for cropland agroforestry (P ≤ 0.03) whereas only carbon sequestration improved for grassland agroforestry (P < 0.01). In cropland agroforestry, soil nutrient cycling, soil greenhouse gas abatement, and water regulation did not improve, due to customary high fertilization rates. Alley-cropping agroforestry increased multifunctionality, compared to open croplands. To ameliorate the environmental benefits of agroforestry, more efficient use of nutrients is required. Financial incentives should focus on conversion of open croplands to alley-cropping agroforestry and incorporate fertilizer management.
AU  - Veldkamp, E.*
AU  - Schmidt, M.*
AU  - Markwitz, C.*
AU  - Beule, L.*
AU  - Beuschel, R.*
AU  - Biertümpfel, A.*
AU  - Bischel, X.*
AU  - Duan, X.
AU  - Gerjets, R.*
AU  - Göbel, L.*
AU  - Graß, R.*
AU  - Guerra, V.*
AU  - Heinlein, F.
AU  - Komainda, M.*
AU  - Langhof, M.*
AU  - Luo, J.*
AU  - Potthoff, M.*
AU  - van Ramshorst, J.G.V.*
AU  - Rudolf, C.*
AU  - Seserman, D.M.*
AU  - Shao, G.*
AU  - Siebicke, L.*
AU  - Svoboda, N.*
AU  - Swieter, A.*
AU  - Carminati, A.*
AU  - Freese, D.*
AU  - Graf, T.*
AU  - Greef, J.M.*
AU  - Isselstein, J.*
AU  - Jansen, M.*
AU  - Karlovsky, P.*
AU  - Knohl, A.*
AU  - Lamersdorf, N.*
AU  - Priesack, E.
AU  - Wachendorf, C.*
AU  - Wachendorf, M.*
AU  - Corre, M.D.*
C1  - 67380
C2  - 53582
CY  - Campus, 4 Crinan St, London, N1 9xw, England
TI  - Multifunctionality of temperate alley-cropping agroforestry outperforms open cropland and grassland.
JO  - Comm. Earth Environ.
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
PB  - Springernature
PY  - 2023
SN  - 2662-4435
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Isoprene is emitted from the biosphere into the atmosphere, and may 
      strengthen the defense mechanisms of plants against oxidative and 
      thermal stress. Once in the atmosphere, isoprene is rapidly oxidized, 
      either to isoprene-hydroxy-hydroperoxides (ISOPOOH) at low levels of 
      nitrogen oxides, or to methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) and methacrolein at 
      high levels. Here we combine uptake rates and deposition velocities that
       we obtained in laboratory experiments with observations in natural 
      forests to show that 1,2-ISOPOOH deposits rapidly into poplar leaves. 
      There, it is converted first to cytotoxic MVK and then most probably 
      through alkenal/one oxidoreductase (AOR) to less toxic methyl ethyl 
      ketone (MEK). This detoxification process is potentially significant 
      globally because AOR enzymes are ubiquitous in terrestrial plants. Our 
      simulations with a global chemistry-transport model suggest that around 
      6.5 Tg yr−1 of MEK are re-emitted to the atmosphere. This is 
      the single largest MEK source presently known, and recycles 1.5% of the 
      original isoprene flux. Eddy covariance flux measurements of isoprene 
      and MEK over different forest ecosystems confirm that MEK emissions can 
      reach 1–2% those of isoprene. We suggest that detoxification processes 
      in plants are one of the most important sources of oxidized volatile 
      organic compounds in the atmosphere.
AU  - Canaval, E.*
AU  - Millet, D.B.*
AU  - Zimmer, I.
AU  - Nosenko, T.
AU  - Georgii, E.
AU  - Partoll, E.M.*
AU  - Fischer, L.*
AU  - Alwe, H.D.*
AU  - Kulmala, M.*
AU  - Karl, T.*
AU  - Schnitzler, J.-P.
AU  - Hansel, A.*
C1  - 60735
C2  - 49550
TI  - Rapid conversion of isoprene photooxidation
      products in terrestrial plants.
JO  - Comm. Earth Environ.
VL  - 1
PY  - 2020
SN  - 2662-4435
ER  -