TY  - JOUR
AB  - BACKGROUND: Unsaturated fatty acids might be involved in the prevention and improvement of mental disorders, but the evidence on these associations has not been comprehensively assessed. OBJECTIVE: This umbrella review aimed to appraise the credibility of published evidence evaluating the associations between unsaturated fatty acids and mental disorders. METHODS: In this umbrella review, systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies comparing unsaturated fatty acids (including supplementation, dietary intake and blood levels) in participants with mental disorders versus healthy individuals were included. We reanalyzed summary estimates, between-study heterogeneity, predictive intervals, publication bias, small-study effects, and excess significance bias for each meta-analysis. RESULTS: Ninety-five meta-analyses from 29 systematic reviews were included, encompassing 43 studies on supplementation interventions, 32 studies on dietary factors and 20 studies on blood biomarkers. Suggestive evidence was only observed for dietary intake, in which higher intake of fish was associated with reduced risk of depression (relative risk [RR]: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.89) and Alzheimer's disease (RR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.87), and higher intake of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) might be associated with a lower risk of mild cognitive impairment (RR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.84). Evidence showed that PUFA supplementation was favorable but had weak credibility in anxiety, depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), dementia, mild cognitive impairment, Huntington's disease and schizophrenia (P random-effects: <0.001-0.040). There was also weak evidence on decreased circulating n-3 PUFAs among patients on risk of ADHD, ASD, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia (P random-effects: <10-6-0.037). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids may relieve symptoms or reduce the risk of various mental disorders; however, the strength of the associations and credibility of the evidence were generally weak. Future high-quality research is needed to identify whether PUFA interventions should be prioritized to alleviate mental disorders.
AU  - Gao, X.*
AU  - Su, X.*
AU  - Han, X.*
AU  - Wen, H.*
AU  - Cheng, C.*
AU  - Zhang, S.*
AU  - Li, W.*
AU  - Cai, J.*
AU  - Zheng, L.*
AU  - Ma, J.*
AU  - Liao, M.
AU  - Ni, W.*
AU  - Liu, T.*
AU  - Liu, D.*
AU  - Ma, W.*
AU  - Han, S.H.*
AU  - Zhu, S.*
AU  - Ye, Y.*
AU  - Zeng, F.F.*
C1  - 65955
C2  - 53001
CY  - Ste 800, 230 Park Ave, New York, Ny 10169 Usa
SP  - 2217-2236
TI  - Unsaturated fatty acids in mental disorders: An umbrella review of meta-analyses.
JO  - Adv. Nutr.
VL  - 13
IS  - 6
PB  - Elsevier Science Inc
PY  - 2022
SN  - 2161-8313
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Simulation modeling can be useful to estimate the long-term health and economic impacts of population-based dietary policies. We conducted a systematic scoping review following the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guideline to map and critically appraise economic evaluations of population-based dietary policies using simulation models. We searched Medline, Embase, and EconLit for studies published in English after 2005. Modeling studies were mapped based on model type, dietary policy, and nutritional target, and modeled risk factor-outcome pathways were analyzed. We included 56 studies comprising 136 model applications evaluating dietary policies in 21 countries. The policies most often assessed were reformulation (34/136), taxation (27/136), and labeling (20/136); the most common targets were salt/sodium (60/136), sugar-sweetened beverages (31/136), and fruit and vegetables (15/136). Model types included Markov-type (35/56), microsimulation (11/56), and comparative risk assessment (7/56) models. Overall, the key diet-related risk factors and health outcomes were modeled, but only 1 study included overall diet quality as a risk factor. Information about validation was only reported in 19 of 56 studies and few studies (14/56) analyzed the equity impacts of policies. Commonly included cost components were health sector (52/56) and public sector implementation costs (35/56), as opposed to private sector (18/56), lost productivity (11/56), and informal care costs (3/56). Most dietary policies (103/136) were evaluated as cost-saving independent of the applied costing perspective. An analysis of the main limitations reported by authors revealed that model validity, uncertainty of dietary effect estimates, and long-term intervention assumptions necessitate a careful interpretation of results. In conclusion, simulation modeling is widely applied in the economic evaluation of population-based dietary policies but rarely takes dietary complexity and the equity dimensions of policies into account. To increase relevance for policymakers and support diet-related disease prevention, economic effects beyond the health sector should be considered, and transparent conduct and reporting of model validation should be improved.
AU  - Emmert-Fees, K.
AU  - Karl, F.
AU  - von Philipsborn, P.*
AU  - Rehfuess, E.A.*
AU  - Laxy, M.
C1  - 61832
C2  - 50476
CY  - Great Clarendon St, Oxford Ox2 6dp, England
SP  - 1957-1995
TI  - Simulation modeling for the economic evaluation of population-based dietary policies: A systematic scoping review.
JO  - Adv. Nutr.
VL  - 12
IS  - 5
PB  - Oxford Univ Press
PY  - 2021
SN  - 2161-8313
ER  -