PuSH - Publikationsserver des Helmholtz Zentrums München: Age dictates a steroid resistant cascade of Wnt5a, transglutaminase-2 and leukotrienes in inflamed airways.

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Dietz, K. ; de los Reyes Jimenez, M. ; Gollwitzer, E.S.* ; Chaker, A. ; Zissler, U.M. ; Rådmark, O.P.* ; Baarsma, H.A. ; Königshoff, M. ; Schmidt-Weber, C.B. ; Marsland, B.J.* ; Esser-von Bieren, J.

Age dictates a steroid resistant cascade of Wnt5a, transglutaminase-2 and leukotrienes in inflamed airways.

J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 139, 1343-1354.e6 (2016)

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BACKGROUND: Airway remodeling is a detrimental and refractory process showing age-dependent clinical manifestations, which are mechanistically undefined. The leukotriene (LT) and wingless/ integrase (Wnt) pathways have been implicated in remodeling, but age-specific expression profiles and common regulators remained elusive. OBJECTIVE: We sought to study the activation of the LT and Wnt pathways during early- or late-onset allergic airway inflammation and to address regulatory mechanisms and clinical relevance in normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBEs) and nasal polyp tissues. METHODS: Mice were sensitized with house dust mite allergens (HDM) from day 3, 15 or 60 after birth. Remodeling factors in murine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), lung or human nasal polyp tissues were analyzed by westernblot, immunoassays or histology. Regulatory mechanisms were studied in cytokine/HDM- stimulated NHBEs and macrophages. RESULTS: BALF LT levels were increased in neonatal and adult, but reduced in juvenile HDM-sensitized mice. Lungs of neonatally-sensitized mice showed increased 5-lipoxygenase levels, whilst adult mice expressed more secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-X), Wnt5a and transglutaminase 2 (TGM2). Older mice showed co-localization of Wnt5a and LT enzymes in the epithelium, a pattern also observed in human nasal polyps. IL-4 promoted epithelial Wnt5a secretion, which upregulated macrophage TGM2 expression and TGM2 inhibition in turn reduced LT release. TGM2, sPLA2-X and LT enzymes in NHBEs and nasal polyps were refractory to corticosteroids. CONCLUSION: Our findings reveal age differences in LT and Wnt pathways during airway inflammation and identify a steroid-resistant cascade of Wnt5a, TGM2 and LTs, which may represent a therapeutic target for airway inflammation and remodeling.

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