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Zissler, U.M. ; Schmidt-Weber, C.B.

Predicting success of allergen-specific immunotherapy.

Front. Immunol. 11:1826 (2020)
Verlagsversion DOI PMC
Open Access Gold
Creative Commons Lizenzvertrag
The immune response to antigens is a key aspect of immunology, as it provides opportunities for therapeutic intervention. However, the induction of immunological tolerance is an evolving area that is still not sufficiently understood. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is a disease-modulating therapy available for immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated airway diseases such as allergic rhinitis or allergic asthma. This disease-modifying effect is not only antigen driven but also antigen specific. The specificity and also the long-lasting, often life-long symptom reduction make the therapy attractive for patients. Additionally, the chance to prevent the onset of asthma by treating allergic rhinitis with AIT is important. The mechanism and, in consequence, therapy guiding biomarker are still in its infancy. Recent studies demonstrated that the interaction of T, B, dendritic, and epithelial cells and macrophages are individually contributing to clinical tolerance and therefore underline the need for a system to monitor the progress and success of AIT. As clinical improvement is often accompanied by decreases in numbers of effector cells in the tissue, analyses of cellular responses and cytokine pattern provide a good insight into the mechanisms of AIT. The suppression of type-2 immunity is accompanied by decreased levels of type-2 mediators such as epithelial CCL-26 and interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13 produced by T cells that are constituting the immune memory and are increasingly controlled by regulatory T and B cells following AIT. Immune tolerance is also associated with increased production of type-1 mediators like interferon-gamma, tissue-homeostating factors like indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expressed by macrophages and dendritic cells. Although these individual genes were convincingly demonstrated to play a role immune tolerance, they do not predict therapy outcomes of AIT on an individual level. Therefore, combinations or ratios of gene expression levels are a promising way to achieve predictive value and definition of helpful biomarker.
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Publikationstyp Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp Review
Schlagwörter Allergen-specific Immunotherapy ; Tolerance ; Biomarker ; Immune Cells ; Epithelial Cells ; Tissue Homeostasis ; Rhinitis ; Asthma; Regulatory T-cells; Lung Inflammation; Foxp3 Expression; Breaks; Tolerance; Symptoms; Igg4; Differentiation; Recombinant; Biomarkers
Sprache englisch
Veröffentlichungsjahr 2020
HGF-Berichtsjahr 2020
ISSN (print) / ISBN 1664-3224
e-ISSN 1664-3224
Zeitschrift Frontiers in Immunology
Quellenangaben Band: 11, Heft: , Seiten: , Artikelnummer: 1826 Supplement: ,
Verlag Frontiers
Verlagsort Avenue Du Tribunal Federal 34, Lausanne, Ch-1015, Switzerland
Begutachtungsstatus Peer reviewed
Institut(e) Institute for Allergy Research (IAF)
POF Topic(s) 30202 - Environmental Health
Forschungsfeld(er) Allergy
PSP-Element(e) G-505400-001
Förderungen EIT Health, a body of the EU receiving funding from H2020
German Research Foundation (DFG)
German Center of Lung Research (DZL)
DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01826
WOS ID WOS:000570609400001
Scopus ID 85090578790
PubMed ID 32983092
Erfassungsdatum 2020-10-29
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