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Brand, S.* ; Teich, R.* ; Dicke, T.* ; Harb, H.* ; Yildirim, A.Ö. ; Tost, J.* ; Schneider-Stock, R.* ; Waterland, R.A. * ; Bauer, U.M.* ; von Mutius, E.* ; Garn, H.* ; Pfefferle, P.I.* ; Renz, H.*

Epigenetic regulation in murine offspring as a novel mechanism for transmaternal asthma protection induced by microbes.

J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 128, 618-625 (2011)

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Background: Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease resulting from complex gene-environment interactions. Natural microbial exposure has been identified as an important environmental condition that provides asthma protection in a prenatal window of opportunity. Epigenetic regulation is an important mechanism by which environmental factors might interact with genes involved in allergy and asthma development. Objective: This study was designed to test whether epigenetic mechanisms might contribute to asthma protection conferred by early microbial exposure. Methods: Pregnant maternal mice were exposed to the farm-derived gram-negative bacterium Acinetobacter lwoffii F78. Epigenetic modifications in the offspring were analyzed in T(H)1- and T(H)2-relevant genes of CD4(+) T cells. Results: Prenatal administration of A lwoffii F78 prevented the development of an asthmatic phenotype in the progeny, and this effect was IFN-gamma dependent. Furthermore, the IFNG promoter of CD4(+) T cells in the offspring revealed a significant protection against loss of histone 4 (H4) acetylation, which was closely associated with IFN-gamma expression. Pharmacologic inhibition of H4 acetylation in the offspring abolished the asthma-protective phenotype. Regarding T(H)2-relevant genes only at the IL4 promoter, a decrease could be detected for H4 acetylation but not at the IL5 promoter or the intergenic T(H)2 regulatory region conserved noncoding sequence 1 (CNS1). Conclusion: These data support the hygiene concept and indicate that microbes operate by means of epigenetic mechanisms. This provides a new mechanism in the understanding of gene-environment interactions in the context of allergy protection. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;128:618-25.)

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