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Delaval, M.N. ; Czech, H. ; Almasaleekh, M. ; Offer, S. ; Pantzke, J. ; Ihalainen, M.* ; Yli-Pirilä, P.* ; Somero, M.* ; Kortelainen, M.* ; Gawlitta, N. ; Orasche, J. ; Jakobi, G. ; Shukla, D. ; Martens, P.* ; Paul, A.* ; Fang, Z.* ; Pardo, M.* ; Barth, A.* ; Utinger, B.* ; Jeong, S. ; Rastak, N. ; Kuhn, E. ; Huber, A. ; Mukherjee, A.* ; Mesceriakovas, A.* ; Joutsensaari, J.* ; Leskinen, J.* ; Hartikainen, A.* ; Passig, J.* ; Oeder, S. ; Schnelle-Kreis, J. ; Hohaus, T.* ; Kiendler-Scharr, A.* ; Kalberer, M.* ; Di Bucchianico, S. ; Rudich, Y.* ; Sippula, O.* ; Zimmermann, R.

The efficiency of EURO 6d car particulate filters is compromised by atmospheric aging: In vitro toxicity of gasoline car exhaust.

Sci. Adv. 11:eadq2348 (2025)

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Tailpipe emissions from road traffic contribute substantially to the burden of fine inhalable particulate matter (PM_2.5) and deteriorate air quality. Exhaust emission standards, forcing improvements in combustion and exhaust after-treatment technology, considerably decreases combustion-related PM_2.5 emitted by modern cars. A549 cancerous alveolar and BEAS-2B normal bronchial epithelial cells were exposed at the air-liquid interface to the total aerosol or gas phase of either fresh or photochemically aged tailpipe emissions from a gasoline EURO 6d car equipped with a gasoline particulate filter. Diluted fresh emissions contained particle number concentrations comparable to low ambient air levels and induced no detectable cytotoxicity. Photochemical aging led to the formation of secondary aerosols and caused significant cytotoxicity. While the aged aerosol induced significant DNA damage, oxidative stress was more associated with volatile secondary species. Our results call for the consideration of the exhaust emission atmospheric transformation processes in future emission standards toward health effect-driven emission regulations.

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Publication type Article: Journal article

Document type Scientific Article

Corresponding Author

Keywords Oxidation Flow Reactors; Organic Aerosol Formation; Residential Wood Combustion; Ambient Air-pollution; Oxygen Species Ros; Radical Chemistry; Mass-spectrometry; Exposure; Emissions; Health

ISSN (print) / ISBN 2375-2548

e-ISSN 2375-2548

Journal Science Advances

Quellenangaben Volume: 11, Issue: 22, Article Number: eadq2348

Publisher American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Publishing Place Washington, DC [u.a.]

Non-patent literature Publications

Reviewing status Peer reviewed

Institute(s) Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA)

Grants EU Horizon
Research Council of Finland competitive funding to strengthen university research profiles (PROFI) for the University of Eastern Finland
University of Eastern Finland
EDUFI Fellowship Grant from the Finnish National Agency for Education
Research Council of Finland project BBrCAC
H2020 EU project ULtrafine particles from TRansportation-Health Assessment of Source
Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health-Aerosols and Health (HICE)
Helmholtz International Laboratory aro HEALTH