PEX19 is a cytosolic receptor that directs membrane
proteins posttranslationally to peroxisomes, as well as to mitochondria,
lipid droplets, and the endoplasmic reticulum. A comprehensive Trypanosoma
PEX19 interactome analysis uncovered PEX38 as an essential
Euglenozoa-specific peroxin. PEX38 contains distinct domains that bind
the cochaperone Hip and the PEX3-binding motif of PEX19, suggesting a
role in stabilizing membrane proteins and preventing premature membrane
docking. PEX38 illustrates functional repurposing in organelle
biogenesis. It originated from a remnant of the GET/TRC pathway,
typically responsible for the targeting of tail-anchored (TA) proteins
to the endoplasmic reticulum. While most components of this machinery
are absent in Euglenozoa, PEX38 has been retained and adapted to mediate
peroxisomal membrane protein targeting. This evolutionary adaptation is
unique to Euglenozoa. Because the PEX19-PEX38 interaction is essential
for parasite viability and PEX38 has no human homologs, this complex is a
promising therapeutic target against trypanosomatid parasites.