Mobgap: A state-of-the-art python framework for reproducible estimation and algorithm validation of digital mobility outcomes from a single wearable device.
Objective, continuous assessment of real-world mobility using wearables
has significant potential to transform clinical research and practice,
yet the field lacks standardised, open-source tools that enable
reproducible algorithm real-world validation, across multiple clinical
cohorts. This would improve transparency around definitions and
performance, thereby enhancing interpretation and more meaningful
comparison across studies. The Mobilise-D consortium validated a
comprehensive analytical pipeline for estimating digital mobility
outcomes from wearables, originally implemented in a combination of
MATLAB, R, and Python codes. To overcome the licencing, reproducibility,
and accessibility limitations of this implementation, the pipeline has
been re-implemented and re-validated, against gold standards, as the
open-source mobgap Python package. Here, we describe the mobgap
ecosystem, detail how algorithms can be integrated and benchmarked in a
reproducible way and present a re-validation of the pipeline against
reference data across six clinical cohorts under real-world conditions.
Validation results showed that across all cohorts, walking speed was
estimated with an absolute error of 0.10 m/s and an intraclass
correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.81, demonstrating comparable or
superior performance to the original implementation. Mobgap (v1.2) is
openly available and is intended to serve as a reproducible reference
implementation and benchmarking platform for researchers developing or
validating mobility analysis algorithms using wearable data.
GrantsEuropean Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA) Innovative Medicines Initiative Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Cumbria, Northumberland and Tyne and Wear (CNTW) NHS Foundation Trust European Union Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Newcastle University UK Research and Innovation (UKRI)