Jarick, I.* ; Volckmar, A.L.* ; Pütter, C.* ; Pechlivanis, S.* ; Nguyen, T.T.* ; Dauvermann, M.R.* ; Beck, S.* ; Albayrak, Ö.* ; Scherag, S.* ; Gilsbach, S.* ; Cichon, S.* ; Hoffmann, P.* ; Degenhardt, F.* ; Nöthen, M.M.* ; Schreiber, S.* ; Wichmann, H.-E. ; Jöckel, K.-H.* ; Heinrich, J. ; Tiesler, C.M. ; Faraone, S.V.* ; Walitza, S.* ; Sinzig, J.* ; Freitag, C.* ; Meyer, J.* ; Herpertz-Dahlmann, B.* ; Lehmkuhl, G.* ; Renner, T.J.* ; Warnke, A.* ; Romanos, M.* ; Lesch, K.P.* ; Reif, A.* ; Schimmelmann, B.G.* ; Hebebrand, J.* ; Scherag, A.* ; Hinney, A.*
     
 
    
        
Genome-wide analysis of rare copy number variations reveals PARK2 as a candidate gene for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
    
    
        
    
    
        
        Mol. Psychiatry 19, 115–121 (2014)
    
    
    
		
		
			
				Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common, highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder. Genetic loci have not yet been identified by genome-wide association studies. Rare copy number variations (CNVs), such as chromosomal deletions or duplications, have been implicated in ADHD and other neurodevelopmental disorders. To identify rare (frequency 1%) CNVs that increase the risk of ADHD, we performed a whole-genome CNV analysis based on 489 young ADHD patients and 1285 adult population-based controls and identified one significantly associated CNV region. In tests for a global burden of large (>500 kb) rare CNVs, we observed a nonsignificant (P=0.271) 1.126-fold enriched rate of subjects carrying at least one such CNV in the group of ADHD cases. Locus-specific tests of association were used to assess if there were more rare CNVs in cases compared with controls. Detected CNVs, which were significantly enriched in the ADHD group, were validated by quantitative (q)PCR. Findings were replicated in an independent sample of 386 young patients with ADHD and 781 young population-based healthy controls. We identified rare CNVs within the parkinson protein 2 gene (PARK2) with a significantly higher prevalence in ADHD patients than in controls (P=2.8 × 10(-4) after empirical correction for genome-wide testing). In total, the PARK2 locus (chr 6: 162 659 756-162 767 019) harboured three deletions and nine duplications in the ADHD patients and two deletions and two duplications in the controls. By qPCR analysis, we validated 11 of the 12 CNVs in ADHD patients (P=1.2 × 10(-3) after empirical correction for genome-wide testing). In the replication sample, CNVs at the PARK2 locus were found in four additional ADHD patients and one additional control (P=4.3 × 10(-2)). Our results suggest that copy number variants at the PARK2 locus contribute to the genetic susceptibility of ADHD. Mutations and CNVs in PARK2 are known to be associated with Parkinson disease.
			
			
				
			
		 
		
			
				
					
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        Publikationstyp
        Artikel: Journalartikel
    
 
    
        Dokumenttyp
        Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
    
 
    
        Typ der Hochschulschrift
        
    
 
    
        Herausgeber
        
    
    
        Schlagwörter
        ADHD; children; CNVs; GWAS; PARK2; Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; Recurrent Microdeletions; Molecular-genetics; Adhd; Association; Variants; Disease; Schizophrenia; Duplications; Autism
    
 
    
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        Sprache
        englisch
    
 
    
        Veröffentlichungsjahr
        2014
    
 
    
        Prepublished im Jahr 
        2012
    
 
    
        HGF-Berichtsjahr
        2012
    
 
    
    
        ISSN (print) / ISBN
        1359-4184
    
 
    
        e-ISSN
        1476-5578
    
 
    
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	    Band: 19,  
	    Heft: 1,  
	    Seiten: 115–121 
	    Artikelnummer: ,  
	    Supplement: ,  
	
    
 
  
        
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            Nature Publishing Group
        
 
        
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        Begutachtungsstatus
        Peer reviewed
    
 
    
        Institut(e)
        Institute of Epidemiology (EPI)
    
 
    
        POF Topic(s)
        30503 - Chronic Diseases of the Lung and Allergies
    
 
    
        Forschungsfeld(er)
        Genetics and Epidemiology
    
 
    
        PSP-Element(e)
        G-503900-001
    
 
    
        Förderungen
        
    
 
    
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        Erfassungsdatum
        2012-12-31