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Capillary electrophoresis-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: A report on technical principles and problem solutions, potential and limitations of this technology as well as on examples of application.
Electrophoresis 26, 1584-1597 (2005)
This paper summarizes some basic principles of capillary electrophoresis (CE), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and coupling of both devices. Especially the interfacing is described in detail. A special focus is drawn to various interface developments reported in literature and technical problems, i.e., requirements to the interface setup and respective solutions. Nowadays, typically sheath flow-based interfaces are used. The sheath flow fulfills two requirements of hyphenation, (i) the closing of the electrical circuit of CE and (ii) the feeding of the used nebulizer with an adequate flow rate. In the beginning of CE-ICP-MS coupling predominantly home-made interface-nebulizer constructions were developed and tested for various speciation problems. Now increasingly such laboratory-constructed interfaces are left. Mostly commercial nebulizers are employed being combined with commercially available tee or cross fittings to connect the CE capillary to the electrode, the additional sheath flow, and the nebulizer. Due to the low sample amounts and low flow rates from CE, such nebulizers are typically low-flow nebulizers like, e.g., the microconcentric nebulizer (MCN) and the direct injection nebulizer (DIN). However, there are also reports on couplings using standard Meinhard systems. Still the control and reduction of a siphoning sucting flow and sufficient detection limits are the major problems in hyphenating CE to ICP-MS. Different solutions are reported on these problems and summarized here. Finally numerous applications are reported. Mostly, applications are performed on speciation of selenium, arsenic, metallothionein isoforms, mercury, or cobalt.
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Publikationstyp
Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp
Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
Schlagwörter
as speciation; capillary electrophoresis-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry; Mt characterization; review; Se speciation
ISSN (print) / ISBN
0173-0835
e-ISSN
1522-2683
Zeitschrift
Electrophoresis
Quellenangaben
Band: 26,
Heft: 7-8,
Seiten: 1584-1597
Verlag
Wiley
Nichtpatentliteratur
Publikationen
Begutachtungsstatus
Peer reviewed
Institut(e)
Institute of Ecological Chemistry (IOEC)