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Honisch, M.* ; Hellmeier, C. ; Weiss, K.

Response of surface and subsurface water quality to land use changes.

Geoderma 105, 277-298 (2002)
DOI
Open Access Green möglich sobald Postprint bei der ZB eingereicht worden ist.
Modern agricultural production systems need to reduce their environmental contamination potential. Within the test site of the FAM Research Network on Agroecosystems, the existing agricultural system was modified from intensive to sustainable land use practices. The aim of this study was to quantify the long-term effects of these new practices on the surface and subsurface water quality at the Research Station Scheyern in Bavaria, Germany. Nutrient concentrations in soil water and ground water were monitored by soil hydrological stations and in multilevel wells. Water and material fluxes were observed in a brook and in the tile drain system over a 4-year period. Nitrate concentrations in soil water were affected by soil types, relief position and fertilization (farming system). Highest concentrations were found in soils under potatoes and integrated crop production (ICP), lowest under organic farming (OF). Since monitoring began in 1994, nitrate concentrations below the root zone decreased continuously from 25–50 to 5–30 mg NO3− l−1. Temporal variable concentrations within the root zone were stabilized by plant uptake and lateral subsurface flow in deeper soil horizons. Lower material inputs to soils were confirmed by decreasing nitrate and chloride concentrations in drain water and diffuse lateral input to the Brook West. Nitrogen loading into the brook decreased up to 50% whereas in the upper regional ground water, values greater than 50 mg NO3− l−1 still reflect former nutrient loads. Surface water phosphorous load was also strongly affected by agricultural practice. The lateral inputs area into the brook from the farm showed that phosphate loading decreased up to 25% (from 0.37 to 0.09 kg P ha−1 a−1). However, concentrations of dissolved reactive ortho-phosphate (DRP) remained high, due to remobilization from the brook's sediment. Our results have shown that adapted land use practice can reduce groundwater and surface water loads effectively. The anti-erosion program (mulching, minimum tillage, fallow strips and others) minimized lateral loads to the surface water and optimized fertilization and intercropping, whereas ecofarming mainly reduced the leakage potential of soils. The slow response in the groundwater is strongly affected by the mean transit time, whereas lateral subsurface flow and buffering effects of soils and sediments determine the dynamics within brooks and ponds.
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Publikationstyp Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
Korrespondenzautor
Schlagwörter Land use effects Water quality Soil solution Nitrate Phosphorous Organic farming system (OF)
ISSN (print) / ISBN 0016-7061
e-ISSN 1872-6259
Zeitschrift Geoderma
Quellenangaben Band: 105, Heft: , Seiten: 277-298 Artikelnummer: , Supplement: ,
Verlag Elsevier
Nichtpatentliteratur Publikationen
Begutachtungsstatus Peer reviewed
Institut(e) Institute of Groundwater Ecology (IGOE)