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Garger, E.K.* ; Meisenberg, O. ; Odintsov, O.* ; Shynkarenko, V.* ; Tschiersch, J.

Solubility of hot fuel particles from Chernobyl - influencing parameters for individual radiation dose calculations.

Talanta 115, 40-46 (2013)
DOI
Open Access Green möglich sobald Postprint bei der ZB eingereicht worden ist.
Nuclear fuel particles of Chernobyl origin are carriers of increased radioactivity (hot particles) and are still present in the atmosphere of the Chernobyl exclusion zone. Workers in the zone may inhale these particles, which makes assessment necessary. The residence time in the lungs and the transfer in the blood of the inhaled radionuclides are crucial for inhalation dose assessment. Therefore, the dissolution of several kinds of nuclear fuel particles from air filters sampled in the Chernobyl exclusion zone was studied. For this purpose filter fragments with hot particles were submersed in simulated lung fluids (SLFs). The activities of the radionuclides 137Cs, 90Sr, 239+240Pu and 241Am were measured in the SLF and in the residuum of the fragments by radiometric methods after chemical treatment. Soluble fractions as well as dissolution rates of the nuclides were determined. The influence of the genesis of the hot particles, represented by the 137Cs/239+240Pu ratio, on the availability of 137Cs was demonstrated, whereas the dissolution of 90Sr, 239+240Pu and 241Am proved to be independent of genesis. No difference in the dissolution of 137Cs and 239+240Pu was observed for the two applied types of SLF. Increased solubility was found for smaller hot particles. A two-component exponential model was used to describe the dissolution of the nuclides as a function of time. The results were applied for determining individual inhalation dose coefficients for the workers at the Chernobyl construction site. Greater dose coefficients for the respiratory tract and smaller coefficients for the other organs were calculated (compared to ICRP default values). The effective doses were in general lower for the considered radionuclides, for 241Am even by one order of magnitude.
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Publikationstyp Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
Korrespondenzautor
Schlagwörter Solubility kinetics; Nuclear fuel; Simulated lung fluid; Inhalation dose; Chernobyl; In-vitro Dissolution ; Radioactive Particles ; Accident ; Reactor
ISSN (print) / ISBN 0039-9140
e-ISSN 0039-9140
Zeitschrift Talanta
Quellenangaben Band: 115, Heft: , Seiten: 40-46 Artikelnummer: , Supplement: ,
Verlag Elsevier
Nichtpatentliteratur Publikationen
Begutachtungsstatus Peer reviewed
Institut(e) Institute of Radiation Protection (ISS)