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Markus, M.R.* ; Stritzke, J.* ; Baumeister, S.E.* ; Siewert, U.* ; Baulmann, J.* ; Hannemann, A.* ; Schipf, S.* ; Meisinger, C. ; Dörr, M.* ; Felix, S.B.* ; Keil, U.* ; Völzke, H.* ; Hense, H.W.* ; Schunkert, H.*

Effects of smoking on arterial distensibility, central aortic pressures and left ventricular mass.

Int. J. Cardiol. 168, 2593-2601 (2013)

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BACKGROUND: The effects of smoking on central aortic pressures and the age-related increase in left ventricular mass (LVM) are largely unknown. We studied the relationship between smoking, arterial distensibility, central aortic pressures and left ventricular mass in two population-based studies. METHODS: Data was obtained from two German population-based studies (KORA and SHIP, participants' ages 25-84years). We identified 114 normotensive current smokers and 185 normotensive all-time non-smokers in KORA as well as 400 and 588 such individuals in SHIP. Echocardiographic LVM was obtained at baseline (T0) and follow-up after ten years (T1) in KORA and at follow-up (T1) in SHIP. Additionally, pulse-wave analysis-based central aortic pressure and augmentation index (AIx) were measured at T1 in KORA. RESULTS: Cross-sectional analysis, using KORA T0 and SHIP T1, revealed in both studies a higher covariate-adjusted LVM and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) in smokers as compared with non-smokers. Moreover, in the KORA T1 examination, the smokers demonstrated a more pronounced increase, relative to baseline, of LVM (+13.5%) and LVMI (+13.4%) compared to non-smokers (+8.59% and +8.65%; p=0.036 and 0.042, respectively). Additionally, at KORA T1 smokers had a higher central systolic blood pressure and higher AIx than non-smokers (p=0.012 and p=0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The difference in central aortic pressure due to enhanced and more prolonged wave reflection may explain our finding of a further pronounced increase in left ventricular wall thickness and mass over time in smokers.

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