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Open Access Green möglich sobald Postprint bei der ZB eingereicht worden ist.
Coexposure to phytoestrogens and bisphenol a mimics estrogenic effects in an additive manner.
Toxicol. Sci. 138, 21-35 (2014)
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) are abundant in our environment. A number of EDCs, including bisphenol A (BPA) can bind to the estrogen receptors (ER), ERα and ERβ, and may contribute to estrogen-linked diseases such as breast cancer. Early exposure is of particular concern; many EDCs cross the placenta and infants have measurable levels of, eg, BPA. In addition, infants are frequently fed soy-based formula (SF) that contains phytoestrogens. Effects of combined exposure to xeno- and phytoestrogens are poorly studied. Here, we extensively compared to what extent BPA, genistein, and an extract of infant SF mimic estrogeninduced gene transcription and cell proliferation. We investigated ligand-specific effects on ER activation in HeLa-ERα and ERβ reporter cells; on proliferation, genome-wide gene regulation and non-ER-mediated effects in MCF7 breast cancer cells; and how coexposure influenced these effects. The biological relevance was explored using enrichment analyses of differentially regulated genes and clustering with clinical breast cancer profiles. We demonstrate that coexposure to BPA and genistein, or SF, results in increased functional and transcriptional estrogenic effects. Using statistical modeling, we determine that BPA and phytoestrogens act in an additive manner. The proliferative and transcriptional effects of the tested compounds mimic those of 17β-estradiol, and are abolished by cotreatment with an ER antagonist. Gene expression profiles induced by each compound clustered with poor prognosis breast cancer, indicating that exposure may adversely affect breast cancer prognosis. This study accentuates that coexposure to BPA and soy-based phytoestrogens results in additive estrogenic effects, and may contribute to estrogen-linked diseases, including breast cancer.
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Publikationstyp
Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp
Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
Schlagwörter
Bisphenol A ; Concentration Addition ; Estrogen Receptor ; Phytoestrogens ; Proliferation ; Transcriptional Activation; Breast-cancer Cells; Differential Expression Discoveries; Receptor-alpha; Gene-expression; Neonatal Exposure; Soy Isoflavones; Infant Formulas; Genistein; Risk; Model
ISSN (print) / ISBN
1096-6080
e-ISSN
1096-0929
Zeitschrift
Toxicological Sciences
Quellenangaben
Band: 138,
Heft: 1,
Seiten: 21-35
Verlag
Oxford University Press
Verlagsort
Oxford
Nichtpatentliteratur
Publikationen
Begutachtungsstatus
Peer reviewed
Institut(e)
PPM-MEX-Molecular EXposomics (MEX)