New physical concepts in aerosol therapy are required for the successful application of new medical concepts in medical practice. In particular, drug dosimetry and targeting of lung regions with aerosol particles have to be improved. Targeting can be improved using monodisperse aerosols inspired as boluses into the target region, and dosimetry by additional application of aerosol photometry. Monodisperse aerosols need to be inspired with an apparatus combining bolus inhalation and aerosol photometry, thereby optimizing targeting of lung regions and rendering individual drug dosimetry possible.