Sixteen osteosarcomas of mice, induced by the incorporation of the bone seeking radionuclides 224Ra and 227Th, were studied by electron microscopy. Light microscopically, the tumors showed mainly osteoblastic but also fibroblastic and anaplastic areas. Classification of the osteosarcoma cells in the light microscope was often difficult. Electron microscopically, they showed characteristics of preosteoblasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, fibroblasts, fibrocytes or reticulum cells. Undifferentiated cells were also found. The ultrastructure of the different cell types is described. Additionally, the degree and form of mineralization of the osteoid in the bone tumors is studied. The electron microscopic findings indicate that the radiation induced osteosarcomas of mice show a high degree of cellular differentiation.