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    Size- and composition-dependent toxicity of synthetic and soil-derived Fe oxide colloids for the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.
        
        Environ. Sci. Technol. 49, 544-552 (2015)
    
    
    
				Colloidal iron oxides (FeOx) are increasingly released to the environment due to their use in environmental remediation and biomedical applications, potentially harming living organisms. Size and composition could affect the bioavailability and toxicity of such colloids. Therefore, we investigated the toxicity of selected FeOx with variable aggregate size and variably composed FeOx-associated organic matter (OM) toward the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Ferrihydrite colloids containing citrate were taken up by C. elegans with the food and accumulated inside their body. The toxicity of ferrihydrite, goethite, and akaganeite was dependent on aggregate size and specific surface area, with EC50 values for reproduction ranging from 4 to 29 mg Fe L(-1). Experiments with mutant strains lacking mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (sod-2) showed oxidative stress for two FeOx and Fe(3+)-ions, however, revealed that it was not the predominant mechanism of toxicity. The OM composition determined the toxicity of mixed OM-FeOx phases on C. elegans. FeOx associated with humic acids or citrate were less toxic than OM-free FeOx. In contrast, soil-derived ferrihydrite, containing proteins and polysaccharides from mobile OM, was even more toxic than OM-free Fh of similar aggregate size. Consequently, the careful choice of the type of FeOx and the type of associated OM may help in reducing the ecological risks if actively applied to the subsurface.
			
			
		Impact Factor
					Scopus SNIP
					Web of Science
Times Cited
					Times Cited
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					Cited By
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				5.330
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        Publikationstyp
        Artikel: Journalartikel
    
 
    
        Dokumenttyp
        Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
    
 
     
    
    
        Schlagwörter
        Natural Organic-matter; Iron; Nanoparticles; Sediments; Geomicrobiology; Nanomaterials; Ferrihydrite; Environment; Particles; Charge
    
 
     
    
    
        Sprache
        englisch
    
 
    
        Veröffentlichungsjahr
        2015
    
 
     
    
        HGF-Berichtsjahr
        2015
    
 
    
    
        ISSN (print) / ISBN
        0013-936X
    
 
    
        e-ISSN
        1520-5851
    
 
     
     
     
	     
	 
	 
    
        Zeitschrift
        Environmental Science & Technology
    
 
		
    
        Quellenangaben
        
	    Band: 49,  
	    Heft: 1,  
	    Seiten: 544-552 
	    
	    
	
    
 
  
         
        
            Verlag
            ACS
        
 
        
            Verlagsort
            Washington, DC
        
 
	
         
         
         
         
         
	
         
         
         
    
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
    
        Begutachtungsstatus
        Peer reviewed
    
 
    
        Institut(e)
        Institute of Groundwater Ecology (IGOE)
    
 
    
        POF Topic(s)
        20403 - Sustainable Water Management
    
 
    
        Forschungsfeld(er)
        Environmental Sciences
    
 
    
        PSP-Element(e)
        G-504300-004
G-504300-002
 
     
     	
    G-504300-002
        PubMed ID
        25438192
    
    
    
        WOS ID
        WOS:000347589300063
    
    
        Scopus ID
        84924933340
    
    
        Erfassungsdatum
        2015-01-01